Java多线程——Lock&Condition
Lock比传统线程模型中的synchronized方式更加面向对象,与生活中的锁类似,锁本身也应该是一个对象。两个线程执行的代码片段要实现同步互斥的效果,它们必须用同一个Lock对象。
1.重入锁 ReentrantLock
使用ReentrantLock实现交替打印zhangxiaoxiang和lihuoming
package java_thread; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; public class LockTest { public static void main(String[] args) { new LockTest().init(); } private void init(){ final Outputer outputer = new Outputer(); new Thread(new Runnable(){ @Override public void run() { while(true){ try { Thread.sleep(10); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } outputer.output("zhangxiaoxiang"); } } }).start(); new Thread(new Runnable(){ @Override public void run() { while(true){ try { Thread.sleep(10); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } outputer.output("lihuoming"); } } }).start(); } static class Outputer{ Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); public void output(String name){ int len = name.length(); lock.lock(); try{ for(int i=0;i<len;i++){ System.out.print(name.charAt(i)); } System.out.println(); }finally{ lock.unlock(); } } public synchronized void output2(String name){ int len = name.length(); for(int i=0;i<len;i++){ System.out.print(name.charAt(i)); } System.out.println(); } public static synchronized void output3(String name){ int len = name.length(); for(int i=0;i<len;i++){ System.out.print(name.charAt(i)); } System.out.println(); } } }
2.读写锁
分为读锁和写锁,多个读锁不互斥,读锁与写锁互斥,这是由jvm自己控制的,你只要上好相应的锁即可。如果你的代码只读数据,可以很多人同时读,但不能同时写,那就上读锁;如果你的代码修改数据,只能有一个人在写,且不能同时读取,那就上写锁。总之,读的时候上读锁,写的时候上写锁!
package java_thread; import java.util.Random; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock; public class ReadWriteLockTest { public static void main(String[] args) { final Queue3 q3 = new Queue3(); for(int i=0;i<3;i++) { new Thread(){ public void run(){ while(true){ q3.get(); } } }.start(); new Thread(){ public void run(){ while(true){ q3.put(new Random().nextInt(10000)); } } }.start(); } } } class Queue3{ private Object data = null;//共享数据,只能有一个线程能写该数据,但可以有多个线程同时读该数据。 ReadWriteLock rwl = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(); public void get(){ rwl.readLock().lock(); try { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " be ready to read data!"); Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*1000)); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "have read data :" + data); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally{ rwl.readLock().unlock(); } } public void put(Object data){ rwl.writeLock().lock(); try { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " be ready to write data!"); Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*1000)); this.data = data; System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " have write data: " + data); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally{ rwl.writeLock().unlock(); } } }
读的时候可以被读打断,写的时候不能太打断
3.Condition
Condition的功能类似在传统线程技术中的Object.wait()和Object.notify()的功能。在等待 Condition 时,允许发生“虚假唤醒”,这通常作为对基础平台语义的让步。对于大多数应用程序,这带来的实际影响很小,因为 Condition 应该总是在一个循环中被等待,并测试正被等待的状态声明。某个实现可以随意移除可能的虚假唤醒,但建议应用程序程序员总是假定这些虚假唤醒可能发生,因此总是在一个循环中等待。
一个锁内部可以有多个Condition,即有多路等待和通知,可以参看jdk1.5提供的Lock与Condition实现的可阻塞队列的应用案例,从中除了要体味算法,还要体味面向对象的封装。在传统的线程机制中一个监视器对象上只能有一路等待和通知,要想实现多路等待和通知,必须嵌套使用多个同步监视器对象。(如果只用一个Condition,两个放的都在等,一旦一个放的进去了,那么它通知可能会导致另一个放接着往下走。)
package java_thread; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; public class ConditionCommunication { public static void main(String[] args) { final Business business = new Business(); new Thread( new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { for(int i=1;i<=50;i++){ business.sub(i); } } } ).start(); for(int i=1;i<=50;i++){ business.main(i); } } static class Business { Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); Condition condition = lock.newCondition(); private boolean bShouldSub = true; public void sub(int i){ lock.lock(); try{ while(!bShouldSub){ try { condition.await(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } for(int j=1;j<=5;j++){ System.out.println("sub thread sequence of " + j + ",loop of " + i); } bShouldSub = false; condition.signal(); }finally{ lock.unlock(); } } public void main(int i){ lock.lock(); try{ while(bShouldSub){ try { condition.await(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } for(int j=1;j<=10;j++){ System.out.println("main thread sequence of " + j + ",loop of " + i); } bShouldSub = true; condition.signal(); }finally{ lock.unlock(); } } } }
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