对象大小对比之Comparable与Comparator
一 概述
1.Comparable与Comparator使用背景
数值型数据(byte int short long float double)天生可对比大小,可排序,String实现了Comparable接口也可以对比大小与排序,而自定义类多种多样,没有一个共有的可以用作排序的指标,因此需要在自定义类中手动建立对比的方法,出于这个目的,java提供了两个接口Comparable与Comparator。
2.集合排序
Collections.sort()底层排序依靠的是Arrays.sort(),而Arrays.sort()排序时采用的是冒泡法。
二 Comparable
需要对比大小的对象可以实现Comparable接口,实现其中的抽象方法,该抽象方法用来设定比较的方式。下面以一个示例进行说明:
1.实体类
package com.javase.collections.comparable; public class Student implements Comparable<Student> { private String name; private int score; public Student() { super(); } public Student(String name, int score) { super(); this.name = name; this.score = score; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getScore() { return score; } public void setScore(int score) { this.score = score; } @Override public int compareTo(Student stu) { return this.score - stu.score;// 操作对象减去参数对象,升序排列,反之降序。 } }
在compareTo()方法中,以属性score为排序指标,采用“this.score-stu.score”,最终结果以升序排列,反之降序。
2.测试类
package com.javase.collections.comparable; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.List; import org.junit.Test; public class ComparableTest { @Test public void testComparable() { List<Student> stus = new ArrayList<Student>(); Student zhangsan = new Student("zhangsan", 100); Student lisi = new Student("lisi", 90); Student wanger = new Student("wanger", 95); stus.add(zhangsan); stus.add(lisi); stus.add(wanger); System.out.println("排序前"); for (Student x : stus) { System.out.println(x.getName() + "::" + x.getScore()); } System.out.println("排序后"); Collections.sort(stus); for (Student x : stus) { System.out.println(x.getName() + "::" + x.getScore()); } } }
输出:
三 Comparator
如果一个类在创建时未实现Comparable接口,希望在不修改源码的情况下对其对象进行排序,可以在调用排序方法时实现Comparator比较器接口,指定排序方法。下面以一个示例进行说明:
1.实体类
package com.javase.collections.comparator; public class Student { private String name; private int score; public Student() { super(); } public Student(String name, int score) { super(); this.name = name; this.score = score; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getScore() { return score; } public void setScore(int score) { this.score = score; } }
2.测试类
package com.javase.collections.comparator; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.Comparator; import java.util.List; import org.junit.Test; public class ComparatorTest { @Test public void test() { List<Student> stus = new ArrayList<Student>(); Student zhangsan = new Student("zhangsan", 100); Student lisi = new Student("lisi", 90); Student wanger = new Student("wanger", 95); stus.add(zhangsan); stus.add(lisi); stus.add(wanger); System.out.println("排序前"); for (Student x : stus) { System.out.println(x.getName() + "::" + x.getScore()); } System.out.println("-----------------------"); Collections.sort(stus, new Comparator<Student>() { @Override public int compare(Student stu01, Student stu02) { // return stu01.getScore() - stu02.getScore();//升序 return stu02.getScore() - stu01.getScore();// 降序 } }); System.out.println("排序后"); for (Student x : stus) { System.out.println(x.getName() + "::" + x.getScore()); } } }
在compare(Student stu01, Student stu02)方法中,以属性score为排序指标,采用“stu01.score-stu02.score”,最终结果升序排列,反之降序。
输出:
参考:
http://www.tiantianbianma.com/java-comparable-comparator.html/
不能仅仅停滞在实现上,应该去追求代价更小、性能更优的实现