JAVA随机数生成Int、Long、Float、Double
随机数Int的生成
生成无边界的Int
@Test
public void testRandom_generatingIntegerUnbounded() throws Exception {
int intUnbounded = new Random().nextInt();
System.out.println(intUnbounded);
}
生成有边界的Int
@Test
public void testRandom_generatingIntegerBounded_withRange() throws Exception {
int min = 1;
int max = 10;
int intBounded = min + ((int) (new Random().nextFloat() * (max - min)));
System.out.println(intBounded);
}
包含1而不包含10
使用Apache Common Math来生成有边界的Int
@Test
public void testRandom_generatingIntegerBounded_withApacheMath() throws Exception {
int min = 1;
int max = 10;
int intBounded = new RandomDataGenerator().nextInt(min, max);
System.out.println(intBounded);
}
包含1且包含10
使用Apache Common Lang的工具类来生成有边界的Int
@Test
public void testRandom_generatingIntegerBounded_withApacheLangInclusive() throws Exception {
int min = 1;
int max = 10;
int intBounded = RandomUtils.nextInt(min, max);
System.out.println(intBounded);
}
包含1而不包含10
使用TreadLocalRandom来生成有边界的Int
@Test
public void testRandom_generatingIntegerBounded_withThreadLocalRandom() throws Exception {
int min = 1;
int max = 10;
int threadIntBound = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(min, max);
System.out.println(threadIntBound);
}
包含1而不包含10
随机数Long的生成
生成无边界的Long
@Test
public void testRandom_generatingLongUnbounded() throws Exception {
long unboundedLong = new Random().nextLong();
System.out.println(unboundedLong);
}
因为Random类使用的种子是48bits，所以nextLong不能返回所有可能的long值，long是64bits。
生成有边界的Long
@Test
public void testRandom_generatingLongBounded_withRange() throws Exception {
long min = 1;
long max = 10;
long rangeLong = min + (((long) (new Random().nextDouble() * (max - min))));
System.out.println(rangeLong);
}
以上只会生成1到10的long类型的随机数
使用Apache Commons Math来生成有边界的Long
@Test
public void testRandom_generatingLongBounded_withApacheMath() throws Exception {
long min = 1;
long max = 10;
long rangeLong = new RandomDataGenerator().nextLong(min, max);
System.out.println(rangeLong);
}
此方式主要使用的RandomDataGenerator类提供的生成随机数的方法
使用Apache Commons Lang的工具类来生成有边界的Long
@Test
public void testRandom_generatingLongBounded_withApacheLangInclusive() throws Exception {
long min = 1;
long max = 10;
long longBounded = RandomUtils.nextLong(min, max);
System.out.println(longBounded);
}
RandomUtils提供了对java.util.Random的补充
使用ThreadLocalRandom生成有边界的Long
@Test
public void testRandom_generatingLongBounded_withThreadLocalRandom() throws Exception {
long min = 1;
long max = 10;
long threadLongBound = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextLong(min, max);
System.out.println(threadLongBound);
}
随机数Float的生成
生成0.0-1.0之间的Float随机数
@Test
public void testRandom_generatingFloat0To1() throws Exception {
float floatUnbounded = new Random().nextFloat();
System.out.println(floatUnbounded);
}
以上只会生成包含0.0而不包括1.0的float类型随机数
生成有边界的Float随机数
@Test
public void testRandom_generatingFloatBounded_withRange() throws Exception {
float min = 1f;
float max = 10f;
float floatBounded = min + new Random().nextFloat() * (max - min);
System.out.println(floatBounded);
}
使用Apache Common Math来生成有边界的Float随机数
@Test
public void testRandom_generatingFloatBounded_withApacheMath() throws Exception {
float min = 1f;
float max = 10f;
float randomFloat = new RandomDataGenerator().getRandomGenerator().nextFloat();
float generatedFloat = min + randomFloat * (max - min);
System.out.println(generatedFloat);
}
使用Apache Common Lang来生成有边界的Float随机数
@Test
public void testRandom_generatingFloatBounded_withApacheLang() throws Exception {
float min = 1f;
float max = 10f;
float generatedFloat = RandomUtils.nextFloat(min, max);
System.out.println(generatedFloat);
}
使用ThreadLocalRandom生成有边界的Float随机数
ThreadLocalRandom类没有提供
随机数Double的生成
生成0.0d-1.0d之间的Double随机数
@Test
public void testRandom_generatingDouble0To1() throws Exception {
double generatorDouble = new Random().nextDouble();
System.out.println(generatorDouble);
}
与Float相同，以上方法只会生成包含0.0d而不包含1.0d的随机数
生成带有边界的Double随机数
@Test
public void testRandom_generatingDoubleBounded_withRange() throws Exception {
double min = 1.0;
double max = 10.0;
double boundedDouble = min + new Random().nextDouble() * (max - min);
System.out.println(boundedDouble);
assertThat(boundedDouble, greaterThan(min));
assertThat(boundedDouble, lessThan(max));
}
使用Apache Common Math来生成有边界的Double随机数
@Test
public void testRandom_generatingDoubleBounded_withApacheMath() throws Exception {
double min = 1.0;
double max = 10.0;
double boundedDouble = new RandomDataGenerator().getRandomGenerator().nextDouble();
double generatorDouble = min + boundedDouble * (max - min);
System.out.println(generatorDouble);
assertThat(generatorDouble, greaterThan(min));
assertThat(generatorDouble, lessThan(max));
}
使用Apache Common Lang生成有边界的Double随机数
@Test
public void testRandom_generatingDoubleBounded_withApacheLang() throws Exception {
double min = 1.0;
double max = 10.0;
double generatedDouble = RandomUtils.nextDouble(min, max);
System.out.println(generatedDouble);
}
使用ThreadLocalRandom生成有边界的Double随机数
@Test
public void testRandom_generatingDoubleBounded_withThreadLocalRandom() throws Exception {
double min = 1.0;
double max = 10.0;
double generatedDouble = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextDouble(min, max);
System.out.println(generatedDouble);
}
JAVA中有多少可以实现随机数的类或方法?
- java.util.Random 这个类提供了生成Bytes、Int、Long、Float、Double、Boolean的随机数的方法
- java.util.Math.random 方法提供了生成Double随机数的方法，这个方法的内部实现也是调用了java.util.Random的nextDouble方法，只不过它对多线程进行了更好的支持，在多个线程并发时会减少每个随机数生成器的竞争
- 第三方工具类，如Apache Common Lang库与Apache Common Math库中提供的随机数生成类，真正使用一行代码来实现复杂的随机数生成
- java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom 专为多线程并发使用的随机数生成器，使用的方法为ThreadLocalRandom.current.nextInt()，此类是在JDK1.7中提供的，并且特别适合ForkJoinTask框架，而且在这个类中直接提供了生成有边界的随机数的操作，如
public int nextInt(int origin, int bound)，这样也可以一行代码来实现复杂的随机数生成了。
最后的总结为单线程中使用java.util.Random类，在多线程中使用java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom类。
总结
JAVA在不JDK升级中不断在完善API，现在可以使用JDK原生的API写出优雅的代码了。所有的这些测试完整的代码在这里
