SQL 日常笔记

1、说明：创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE database-name
2、说明：删除数据库
drop database dbname
3、说明：备份sql server
--- 创建备份数据的 device
USE master
EXEC sp_addumpdevice 'disk', 'testBack', 'c:\mssql7backup\MyNwind_1.dat'
--- 开始备份
BACKUP DATABASE pubs TO testBack
4、说明：创建新表
create table tabname(col1 type1 [not null] [primary key],col2 type2 [not null],..)
根据已有的表创建新表：
A：create table tab_new like tab_old (使用旧表创建新表)
B：create table tab_new as select col1,col2… from tab_old definition only
5、说明：删除新表drop table tabname
6、说明：增加一个列
Alter table tabname add column col type
注：列增加后将不能删除。DB2中列加上后数据类型也不能改变，唯一能改变的是增加varchar类型的长度。
7、说明：添加主键： Alter table tabname add primary key(col)
说明：删除主键： Alter table tabname drop primary key(col)
8、说明：创建索引：create [unique] index idxname on tabname(col….)
删除索引：drop index idxname
注：索引是不可更改的，想更改必须删除重新建。
9、说明：创建视图：create view viewname as select statement
删除视图：drop view viewname
10、说明：几个简单的基本的sql语句
选择：select * from table1 where 范围
插入：insert into table1(field1,field2) values(value1,value2)
删除：delete from table1 where 范围
更新：update table1 set field1=value1 where 范围
查找：select * from table1 where field1 like ’%value1%’ ---like的语法很精妙，查资料!
排序：select * from table1 order by field1,field2 [desc]
总数：select count * as totalcount from table1
求和：select sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1
平均：select avg(field1) as avgvalue from table1
最大：select max(field1) as maxvalue from table1
最小：select min(field1) as minvalue from table1
11、说明：几个高级查询运算词
A： UNION 运算符
UNION 运算符通过组合其他两个结果表（例如 TABLE1 和 TABLE2）并消去表中任何重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 UNION 一起使用时（即 UNION ALL），不消除重复行。两种情况下，派生表的每一行不是来自 TABLE1 就是来自 TABLE2。
B： EXCEPT 运算符
EXCEPT 运算符通过包括所有在 TABLE1 中但不在 TABLE2 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 EXCEPT 一起使用时 (EXCEPT ALL)，不消除重复行。
C： INTERSECT 运算符
INTERSECT 运算符通过只包括 TABLE1 和 TABLE2 中都有的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 INTERSECT 一起使用时 (INTERSECT ALL)，不消除重复行。
注：使用运算词的几个查询结果行必须是一致的。
12、说明：使用外连接
A、left outer join：
左外连接（左连接）：结果集几包括连接表的匹配行，也包括左连接表的所有行。
SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c
B：right outer join:
右外连接(右连接)：结果集既包括连接表的匹配连接行，也包括右连接表的所有行。
C：full outer join：
全外连接：不仅包括符号连接表的匹配行，还包括两个连接表中的所有记录。

其次，大家来看一些不错的sql语句
1、说明：复制表(只复制结构,源表名：a 新表名：b) (Access可用)
法一：select * into b from a where 1 <>1
法二：select top 0 * into b from a

2、说明：拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名：a 目标表名：b) (Access可用)
insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;

3、说明：跨数据库之间表的拷贝(具体数据使用绝对路径) (Access可用)
insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in ‘具体数据库’ where 条件
例子：..from b in '"&Server.MapPath(".")&"\data.mdb" &"' where..

4、说明：子查询(表名1：a 表名2：b)
select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b ) 或者: select a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3)

5、说明：显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间
select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b

6、说明：外连接查询(表名1：a 表名2：b)
select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c

7、说明：在线视图查询(表名1：a )
select * from (SELECT a,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1;

8、说明：between的用法,between限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值,not between不包括
select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2
select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值2

9、说明：in 的使用方法
select * from table1 where a [not] in (‘值1’,’值2’,’值4’,’值6’)

10、说明：两张关联表，删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息
delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1 )

11、说明：四表联查问题：
select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....

12、说明：日程安排提前五分钟提醒
SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5

13、说明：一条sql 语句搞定数据库分页
select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主键字段 = a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段

14、说明：前10条记录
select top 10 * form table1 where 范围

15、说明：选择在每一组b值相同的数据中对应的a最大的记录的所有信息(类似这样的用法可以用于论坛每月排行榜,每月热销产品分析,按科目成绩排名,等等.)
select a,b,c from tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb where tb.b=ta.b)

16、说明：包括所有在 TableA 中但不在 TableB和TableC 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表
(select a from tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)

17、说明：随机取出10条数据
select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()

18、说明：随机选择记录
select newid()

19、说明：删除重复记录
Delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,...)

20、说明：列出数据库里所有的表名
select name from sysobjects where type='U'

21、说明：列出表里的所有的
select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('TableName')

22、说明：列示type、vender、pcs字段，以type字段排列，case可以方便地实现多重选择，类似select 中的case。
select type,sum(case vender when 'A' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'C' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'B' then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type
显示结果：
type vender pcs
电脑 A 1
电脑 A 1
光盘 B 2
光盘 A 2
手机 B 3
手机 C 3

23、说明：初始化表table1
TRUNCATE TABLE table1

24、说明：选择从10到15的记录
select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_别名 order by id desc

25、当 SET NOCOUNT 为 ON 时，不返回计数。当 SET NOCOUNT 为 OFF 时，返回计数。

EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'BCP ATS.dbo.tam_TaskAlgorithmRelation out \\192.168.100.158\test\tam_TaskAlgorithmRelation.txt -c -S192.168.100.158 -Usa -Pgta@2010'

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\==========

2011-09-26在公司写的一个存储过程

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[history_data_SmoothVol]
-- <@Param1, sysname, @p1> <Datatype_For_Param1, , int> = <Default_Value_For_Param1, , 0>
AS
BEGIN
--变量定义
DECLARE @stockcode varchar(20),@dateDay varchar(20)
DECLARE @Count int, @sumDV decimal(38, 4), @avgDV decimal(18, 4) ,@decDV decimal(18, 4),@dvUp decimal(18, 4),@dec2 decimal(18, 4)
DECLARE @stockcode1 varchar(20), @Date1 datetime, @Dv1 float
--给变量赋初始值
select @Count=1 set @sumDV=0 set @avgDV=0 set @decDV=0 set @dvUp=0
--定义游标
DECLARE cur_code CURSOR FOR --获取所有代码
select stockcode,convert(varchar(10),[date],120)as dateDay from history_stockdata group by stockcode,convert(varchar(10),[date],120) order by stockcode,convert(varchar(10),[date],120)
--历遍游标
OPEN cur_code
FETCH NEXT FROM cur_code INTO @stockcode,@dateDay --变量数要和上面查询字段个数一致
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS <> -1
BEGIN
select @Count=1 set @sumDV=0 set @avgDV=0 set @decDV=0 set @dvUp=0
-- Print ' code:' + @stockcode +' Date:'+@dateDay
select @sumDV =sum(dv),@Count=count(*) from history_stockdata where stockcode = @stockcode and convert(varchar(10),[date],120)= @dateDay
--print '@sumDV:'+str(@sumDV)+' @Count:'+str(@Count)
set @avgDV = @sumDV / @Count
select @sumDV = sum((dv -@avgDV)*(dv-@avgDV)) from history_stockdata where stockcode = @stockcode and convert(varchar(10),[date],120)= @dateDay
--print '@sumDV:'+str(@sumDV,20,4)
set @sumDV = @sumDV / (@Count-1)
set @sumDV = sqrt(@sumDV)
set @dvUp = @avgDV + 3*@sumDV
--print 'sqrt:'+str(@sumDV)+' @dvUp:'+str(@dvUp)

WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:00.015'; --避免CPU过高
update history_stockdata set handled_dv = dv where stockcode = @stockcode and convert(varchar(10),[date],120)= @dateDay
update history_stockdata set handled_dv = @dvUp where dv>@dvUp and stockcode = @stockcode and convert(varchar(10),[date],120)= @dateDay
update history_stockdata set handled_dv = 0 where dv<=0 and stockcode = @stockcode and convert(varchar(10),[date],120)= @dateDay

FETCH NEXT FROM cur_code INTO @stockcode,@dateDay
END -- END @@FETCH_STATUS
CLOSE cur_code
DEALLOCATE cur_code

END

2011-11-24在公司写的一个存储过程：统计收益率#￥%#￥%#￥%#￥%#￥%#￥%·￥%·#￥%#￥%#……%·#￥·##￥%#￥……#
--内嵌游标，查询到对象
--Ver 2.1
SET NOCOUNT ON --don't disp (1 行受影响)
truncate table tsm_HK_HisStockPrc1Min_tmp
truncate table dbo.tsm_HK_HisPrcYield

DECLARE @stockcode varchar(20),@DateStr varchar(20)
DECLARE @lastcode varchar(20),@lastdate varchar(20),@lastcodedate varchar(20)
DECLARE @sumprc decimal(18, 8),@u decimal(18, 8),@deth decimal(18, 8),@retval decimal(24, 8),@sumdeth decimal(24, 8)
DECLARE @m int,@n int
DECLARE @code varchar(20),@date varchar(20),@time varchar(20),@closeprice decimal(18, 4)
DECLARE @lastprice decimal(18, 4),@thisprice decimal(18, 4),@retval2 decimal(18, 4),@sumret decimal(18, 4)
set @m=0 set @n=0 set @retval=0 set @lastcode='' set @lastdate='' set @u=0 set @deth=0 set @sumdeth=0

DECLARE cur_code CURSOR FOR --获取所有代码 TO Check Add: where stockcode='00001'
select stockcode from tsm_HK_HisStockPrc1Min_Cache2 group by stockcode order by stockcode
OPEN cur_code
FETCH NEXT FROM cur_code INTO @stockcode
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS <> -1
BEGIN

select stockcode,DateStr,TimeStr,[Close] as closeprice
into tsm_HK_HisStockPrc1Min_tmp2
from tsm_HK_HisStockPrc1Min_Cache2 where stockcode=@stockcode order by stockcode,DateStr,TimeStr

truncate table tsm_HK_HisStockPrc1Min_tmp
set @lastcodedate=''
DECLARE cur_day CURSOR FOR --获取 every day closeprice
select stockcode,DateStr,TimeStr,closeprice from tsm_HK_HisStockPrc1Min_tmp2 where stockcode=@stockcode order by stockcode,DateStr,TimeStr
OPEN cur_day
FETCH NEXT FROM cur_day INTO @code,@date,@time,@closeprice
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS <> -1
BEGIN
--print '--@code='+@code+' @date='+@date+' @time='+@time
if @lastcodedate <> @date -- is new day
begin
set @lastprice=0
end

if @lastprice = 0
begin
set @retval = 0;
insert into tsm_HK_HisStockPrc1Min_tmp ([StockCode],[closePrc],[lastPrc],[retval],[DateStr],[TimeStr],[Updatetime])
values(@code,@closeprice,@lastprice,@retval,@date,@time,getdate())
end
else
begin
set @retval= (@closeprice / @lastprice)-1
insert into tsm_HK_HisStockPrc1Min_tmp ([StockCode],[closePrc],[lastPrc],[retval],[DateStr],[TimeStr],[Updatetime])
values(@code,@closeprice,@lastprice,@retval,@date,@time,getdate())
end

set @lastprice=@closeprice
set @lastcodedate = @date
FETCH NEXT FROM cur_day INTO @code,@date,@time,@closeprice
END -- END @@FETCH_STATUS
CLOSE cur_day
DEALLOCATE cur_day

select @sumprc = sum([retval]) from tsm_HK_HisStockPrc1Min_tmp where stockcode=@stockcode
select @n=count(*) from (
select stockcode,DateStr from tsm_HK_HisStockPrc1Min_tmp where stockcode=@stockcode group by stockcode,DateStr
) tt
select @m=count(*) from tsm_HK_HisStockPrc1Min_tmp where stockcode=@stockcode group by stockcode,DateStr
if @m>0 set @m=@m-1 --if m=300 then set m=299
set @u = @sumprc / (@m*@n)
select @sumdeth=sum((retval-@u)*(retval-@u)) from tsm_HK_HisStockPrc1Min_tmp where stockcode=@stockcode --group by stockcode,DateStr
set @deth= sqrt(@sumdeth/(@m*@n-1))
insert into tsm_HK_HisPrcYield ([StockCode],[YieldAvg],[YieldDeth],[Updatetime]) values(@stockcode,@u,@deth,getdate())
print '@stockcode'+@stockcode+'@sumprc'+str(@sumprc,20,4)+' @n'+str(@n,20,4)+' @m'+str(@m,20,4)+' @u'+str(@u,20,8)+' @deth'+str(@deth,20,8)

drop table tsm_HK_HisStockPrc1Min_tmp2
--print '=============================================@stockcode='+@stockcode+' @DateStr='+@DateStr--+' @time='+@time
set @lastcode = @stockcode

FETCH NEXT FROM cur_code INTO @stockcode
END -- END @@FETCH_STATUS
CLOSE cur_code
DEALLOCATE cur_code

--------------------------------------------------------
获取当前数据库的文件名：
select * from sysfiles

--------------------------------------------------------
在bat文件中执行SQL脚本
osql -S .\sqlexpress -U sa -P sa -i clean-ats.sql
pause

其中：.\sqlexpress是DB实例名；clean-ats.sql要执行的却本文件名，放在同一目录不用路径

----------------------------------------------------------------------
查询从源表导入目标表
insert into [dbo].[history_stockdata] (stockcode,dv,handled_dv,date,minute)
SELECT
[stockcode]
,[dv]
,[dv]
,[date]
,15
FROM [dbo].[history_stockdata_1min_cache]

----------------------------------------------------------------------
不重复记录
distinct
----------------------------------------------------------------------
删除和重置表
truncate table selfcoefficient_info
----------------------------------------------------------------------
调用带返回参数的存储过程
DECLARE @rtn int
set @rtn=0
exec history_data_import 21,5,@rtn output

----------------------------------------------------------------------
字段转化
select (cast(substring(t.LTraderName,5,3) as int)-50)as Name,t.[LTraderID],t.[LTraderName],a.* FROM [PortfolioCloseTrade] a left join LocalTraderInfo t on a.[LTraderID]=t.[LTraderID] where a.LTraderID between 259 and 310 order by a.LTraderID

SELECT TOP (200) StockCode, TimeStr, DealVolumeAvg, Rate, UpdateTime, '15'+substring(TimeStr,3,6)
FROM a_luo_tsm_HisStockData1Min_Ext where TimeStr like '14%'

update a_luo_tsm_HisStockData1Min_Ext set TimeStr='17'+substring(TimeStr,3,6) where TimeStr like '14%'

----------------------------------------------------------------------
sql server profiler 指定数据库

1.select DB_ID ('ALGOTRADING') --查出指定数据库的ID
2.在筛选器中找到DatabaseID(如没发现请勾选显示所有事件), 条件 "等于" 你查询出来的数据库标识ID号
3.点击运行
----------------------------------------------------------------------

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posted @ 2019-03-13 13:39 太阳风暴阅读(147) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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SQL 日常笔记

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