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Tod4

园龄：2年11个月粉丝：21关注：0

RabbitMQ（三）整合SpringBoot

RabbitMQ（三）整合SpringBoot

1 整合RabbitMQ

1 导入依赖
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
2 查看容器的自动配置

  • 给容器自动配置了RabbitTemplate、AmqpAdmin、CachingConnectionFactory、RabbitMessagingTemplate

  • 属性配置的开头是：spring.rabbitmq

    		@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.rabbitmq")
    		public class RabbitProperties {
    			...
    		}
3 配置配置文件
spring.rabbitmq.addresses=192.168.60.101
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/

账号密码信息均采用默认值了

4 启用RabbitMQ
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableRabbit
public class GrainmallOrderApplication {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GrainmallOrderApplication.class, args);
    }
 
}

2 使用AmqpAdmin

2.1 创建Exchange
    @Test
    public void createExchange() {
        Exchange exchange = new DirectExchange("java-exchange", true, false);
        amqpAdmin.declareExchange(exchange);
        log.info("java-exchange创建成功");
    }
  • 第二个参数表示是否持久化交换器（即重启RabbitMQ还能否存在）
  • 第三个表示是否自动删除
2.2 创建queue
    @Test
    public void createQueue() {
        Queue queue = new Queue("java-queue", true, false, false);
        amqpAdmin.declareQueue(queue);
        log.info("java-queue创建成功");
    }
  • 第二个参数表示是否持久化消息队列（即重启RabbitMQ还能否存在）
  • 第三个表示是否进行排他设计，即只允许一个连接通过交换机连接到队列
  • 第四个表示是否自动删除
2.3 创建Binding
    @Test
    public void createBinding() {
        Binding binding = new Binding("java-queue", Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,
                "java-exchange", "java-binding", null);
        amqpAdmin.declareBinding(binding);
        log.info("java-binding创建成功");
    }
  • 参数分别为：目的地（队列名或类型名、交换器名）、目的地类型（队列或交换器或类型）、交换器名、绑定名、其他参数

3 使用RabbitMQ Template

    @Autowired
    RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
 
    @Test
    public void testRabbitMQTemplate() {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("java-exchange", "java-binding", "Hello World!");
    }
image-20230716175347366
3.1 传输java对象
@Autowired
RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
 
@Test
public void testRabbitMQTemplate() {
    OrderReturnReasonEntity orderReturnReasonEntity = new OrderReturnReasonEntity();
    orderReturnReasonEntity.setId(1L);
    orderReturnReasonEntity.setName("Utada Hikaru");
 
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("java-exchange",
                "java-binding",
            orderReturnReasonEntity);
}

​ 然后看到传输的消息是Java序列化后的字符串（这点要求对象的类必须实现序列化接口），在自动配置类中，使用了一种SimpleMessageConvert，会判段传输对象是字符串、序列化对象还是字符数组从而进行响应转换

image-20230716175655574 
if (object instanceof byte[]) {
            bytes = (byte[])((byte[])object);
            messageProperties.setContentType("application/octet-stream");
        } else if (object instanceof String) {
            try {
                bytes = ((String)object).getBytes(this.defaultCharset);
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException var6) {
                throw new MessageConversionException("failed to convert to Message content", var6);
            }
 
            messageProperties.setContentType("text/plain");
            messageProperties.setContentEncoding(this.defaultCharset);
        } else if (object instanceof Serializable) {
            try {
                bytes = SerializationUtils.serialize(object);
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException var5) {
                throw new MessageConversionException("failed to convert to serialized Message content", var5);
            }
 
            messageProperties.setContentType("application/x-java-serialized-object");
        }

​ 因此在配置类中导入需要的转化器即可，再次执行程序即可看到转化为json后的对象

image-20230716181306266

@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {
    @Bean
    public MessageConverter messageConverter() {
        return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
    }
}
image-20230716181352214

4 Rabbit Listener监听消息

Rabbit Listener
  • 使用Rabbit Listener必须开启注解@EnableRabbit
    @RabbitListener(queues = {"java-queue"})
    public void receiveMessage(Object message) {
        System.out.println("接收到消息，内容为：" + message + "类型为" + message);
    }

​ 收到的消息：

接收到消息，内容为：(Body:'{"id":1,"name":"Utada Hikaru","sort":null,"status":null,"createTime":null}' MessageProperties [headers={__TypeId__=com.hikaru.grainmall.order.entity.OrderReturnReasonEntity}, contentType=application/json, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, receivedDeliveryMode=PERSISTENT, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=java-exchange, receivedRoutingKey=java-binding, deliveryTag=1, consumerTag=amq.ctag-B_4ckQ10EHPx4EJvxywHQQ, consumerQueue=java-queue])类型为class org.springframework.amqp.core.Message

​ 观察到可以写的参数有：

    @RabbitListener(queues = {"java-queue"})
    public void receiveMessage(Message message,
                               OrderReturnReasonEntity returnReasonEntity,
                               Channel channel) {
        byte[] body = message.getBody();
        MessageProperties messageProperties = message.getMessageProperties();
 
        System.out.println(body);
        System.out.println(messageProperties);
        System.out.println(returnReasonEntity);
        System.out.println(channel);
    }
  • org.springframework.amqp.core.Message，包含：
    • 消息体body
    • 消息头MessageProperties
  • 具体类型的消息体
  • 通道com.rabbitmq.client.Channel：与MQ进行数据交互使用的通道
[B@1469e150
 
MessageProperties [headers={__TypeId__=com.hikaru.grainmall.order.entity.OrderReturnReasonEntity}, contentType=application/json, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, receivedDeliveryMode=PERSISTENT, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=java-exchange, receivedRoutingKey=java-binding, deliveryTag=1, consumerTag=amq.ctag-DxTaQHMll66p-V31rDUqew, consumerQueue=java-queue]
 
OrderReturnReasonEntity(id=1, name=Utada Hikaru, sort=null, status=null, createTime=null)
 
Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://guest@192.168.60.101:5672/,1), conn: Proxy@3421debd Shared Rabbit Connection: SimpleConnection@66e17eff [delegate=amqp://guest@192.168.60.101:5672/, localPort= 49417]

​ 消息队列的特性是：很多人都可以来监听，但是只要收到消息，队列就要删除消息，并且只能有一个能收到此消息，因此：

多个监听的情况，只会有一个客户端能够收到

​ 如果此时启动两个监听的服务，会是下面的场景：

    @Test
    public void testRabbitMQTemplate() {
        for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            OrderReturnReasonEntity orderReturnReasonEntity = new OrderReturnReasonEntity();
            orderReturnReasonEntity.setId(1L);
            orderReturnReasonEntity.setName("Utada Hikaru" + i);
 
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("java-exchange",
                    "java-binding",
                    orderReturnReasonEntity);
        }
 
    }

​ 监听1：

OrderReturnReasonEntity(id=1, name=Utada Hikaru0, sort=null, status=null, createTime=null)
OrderReturnReasonEntity(id=1, name=Utada Hikaru3, sort=null, status=null, createTime=null)
OrderReturnReasonEntity(id=1, name=Utada Hikaru6, sort=null, status=null, createTime=null)
OrderReturnReasonEntity(id=1, name=Utada Hikaru9, sort=null, status=null, createTime=null)

​ 监听2：

OrderReturnReasonEntity(id=1, name=Utada Hikaru1, sort=null, status=null, createTime=null)
OrderReturnReasonEntity(id=1, name=Utada Hikaru4, sort=null, status=null, createTime=null)
OrderReturnReasonEntity(id=1, name=Utada Hikaru7, sort=null, status=null, createTime=null)

​ 由于单元测试本身也会启动SpringBoot客户端，因此也会接收消息：

OrderReturnReasonEntity(id=1, name=Utada Hikaru2, sort=null, status=null, createTime=null)
OrderReturnReasonEntity(id=1, name=Utada Hikaru5, sort=null, status=null, createTime=null)
OrderReturnReasonEntity(id=1, name=Utada Hikaru8, sort=null, status=null, createTime=null)
只有前一个消息处理完成，才能再接收下一个消息
    @RabbitListener(queues = {"java-queue"})
    public void receiveMessage(Message message,
                               OrderReturnReasonEntity returnReasonEntity,
                               Channel channel) throws InterruptedException {
 
        System.out.println("收到消息：" + returnReasonEntity.getName());
        Thread.sleep(3000);
    }

​ 效果就是下面的每句都是三秒才打印下一个：

收到消息：Utada Hikaru0
收到消息：Utada Hikaru2
收到消息：Utada Hikaru4
收到消息：Utada Hikaru6
收到消息：Utada Hikaru8
收到消息：Utada Hikaru3
收到消息：Utada Hikaru5
收到消息：Utada Hikaru7
收到消息：Utada Hikaru9

5 RabbitHandle

  • RabbitHandle可以标在方法上，RabbitListener既可以标在方法上也可以标在类上
  • RabbitHandle可以来重载区分不同的消息
    @Test
    public void testRabbitMQTemplate() {
        for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            if(i % 2 == 0) {
                OrderReturnReasonEntity orderReturnReasonEntity = new OrderReturnReasonEntity();
                orderReturnReasonEntity.setId(1L);
                orderReturnReasonEntity.setName("Utada Hikaru" + i);
 
                rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("java-exchange",
                        "java-binding",
                        orderReturnReasonEntity);
            } else {
                OrderEntity orderEntity = new OrderEntity();
                orderEntity.setOrderSn(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
                rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("java-exchange",
                         "java-binding",
                         orderEntity);
            }
 
        }
 
    }
    @RabbitListener(queues = {"java-queue"})
    public void receiveMessage1(Message message,
                               OrderReturnReasonEntity returnReasonEntity,
                               Channel channel) throws InterruptedException {
 
        System.out.println("收到消息：" + returnReasonEntity.getName());
        Thread.sleep(3000);
    }
 
    @RabbitListener(queues = {"java-queue"})
    public void receiveMessage2(OrderEntity orderEntity) throws InterruptedException {
 
        System.out.println("收到消息：" + orderEntity.getOrderSn());
        Thread.sleep(3000);
    }
收到消息：Utada Hikaru0
收到消息：57a79418-1caa-4320-87b9-9d8ba1441dfc
收到消息：Utada Hikaru4
收到消息：ed9f250e-3198-4e3f-bfa8-e8dc132af261
收到消息：Utada Hikaru8
收到消息：42597c05-ac2f-4920-87f9-e86fb349117c
posted @   Tod4  阅读(33)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报
   
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