Spring系列(四):Spring AOP详解
一、AOP是什么
AOP(面向切面编程),可以说是一种编程思想,其中的Spring AOP和AspectJ都是现实了这种编程思想。相对OOP(面向过程编程)来说,提供了另外一种编程方式,对于OOP过程中产生的横切性问题,这些横切性与业务无关,可以通过预编译方式和运行期动态代理来实现。比如可以应用在:日志记录、性能监控、事务管理等。
二、AOP的基本概念
Aspect(切面):通常来说是一个类,里面定义了切点和通知,Spring AOP中可以用@AspectJ来标注这个类是切面;
Join point(连接点):可以理解成目标对象中的方法,该方法是要被增强的方法,也就是我们要作用的一个切入点;
Pointcut(切点):切点可以理解成连接点的集合;
Target object(目标对象):被代理的对象,也就是目标对象;
AOP proxy(代理对象):把被代理的对象织入了增强后的对象;
Weaving(织入):把增强也就是代理逻辑加入到目标对象上的过程;
Advice(通知):用于指定在特定连接点上的增强的位置;
① Before advice(前置通知):在目标方法被调用之前调用通知;
② After returning advice(返回通知):在目标方法成功执行之后调用通知;
③ After throwing advice(异常通知):在目标方法抛出异常后调用通知;
④ After (finally) advice(后置通知):在目标方法完成之后调用通知(不论是否出现异常都会执行,finally中调用);
⑤ Around advice(环绕通知):围绕连接点(目标方法)的通知。可以在方法调用前后执行自定义行为;
三、代理的实现方式
我们知道AOP可以通过预编译的方式和运行期动态代理来实现,那么代理的实现方式有哪些呢?
我们定义一个接口类:UserService
package com.toby.service; /** * @desc: user 业务接口类 * @author: toby * @date: 2019/8/4 23:28 */ public interface UserService { /** * 添加 */ void add(); /** * say hello * @param name * @return */ String say(String name); }
在定义一个实现类UserServiceImpl
package com.toby.service.impl; import com.toby.service.UserService; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /** * @desc: user业务的实现类 * @author: toby * @date: 2019/8/4 23:29 */ @Service public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { @Override public void add() { System.out.println("执行UserServiceImpl的add方法"); } @Override public String say(String name) { System.out.println("执行UserServiceImpl的say方法 args = " + name); return "hello " + name; } }
第一种:静态代理
定义一个静态代理类,需要实现UserService接口:
package com.toby.proxy; import com.toby.service.UserService; /** * @desc: 静态代理 * @author: toby * @date: 2019/8/4 23:30 */ public class StaticProxy implements UserService { private UserService userService; public StaticProxy(UserService userService){ this.userService = userService; } @Override public void add() { System.out.println("添加日志开始"); userService.add(); System.out.println("添加日志结束"); } @Override public String say(String name) { return ""; } }
第二种:Jdk动态代理
package com.toby.proxy; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.lang.reflect.Proxy; /** * @desc: JDK动态代理 实现一个接口:InvocationHandler * JDK的动态代理机制只能代理实现了接口的类,而没有实现接口的类就不能实现JDK的动态代理 * @author: toby * @date: 2019/8/4 23:34 */ public class JdkDynamicProxy implements InvocationHandler { /** * 目标对象 */ private Object targetObject; public Object createJdkProxy(final Object targetObject){ this.targetObject = targetObject; return Proxy.newProxyInstance(this.targetObject.getClass().getClassLoader(), this.targetObject.getClass().getInterfaces(),this); } @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { //写对应的增强代码 System.out.println("Jdk日志记录开始"); //调用真正的业务方法 Object obj = method.invoke(this.targetObject,args); System.out.println("Jdk日志记录结束"); return obj; } }
第三种:Cglib动态代理
package com.toby.proxy; import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.Enhancer; import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodInterceptor; import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy; import java.lang.reflect.Method; /** * @desc: CGLIB动态代理 cglib是针对类来实现代理的,他的原理是对指定的目标类生成一个子类, * 并覆盖其中方法实现增强,但因为采用的是继承,所以不能对final修饰的类进行代理 * @author: toby * @date: 2019/8/4 23:43 */ public class CglibDynamicProxy implements MethodInterceptor { /** * 目标对象 */ private Object targetObject; /** * 创建Cglib动态代理 * @param targetObject * @return */ public Object createCglibDynamicProxy(final Object targetObject){ this.targetObject = targetObject; //Cglib中的核心对象,该类用于生成代理对象 Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer(); //指定委托类也就是目标对象为父类 enhancer.setSuperclass(this.targetObject.getClass()); //使用代理,需要一个对应的代理对象 enhancer.setCallback(this); return enhancer.create(); } @Override public Object intercept(Object o, Method method, Object[] args, MethodProxy methodProxy) throws Throwable { System.out.println("CGLIB日志记录开始"); //委托类变成了父类。调用真正的服务提供者 Object obj = methodProxy.invoke(this.targetObject,args); System.out.println("CGLIB日志记录结束"); return obj; } }
JDK代理的实现方式是基于接口实现,代理类继承Proxy,实现接口。而CGLIB继承被代理的类来实现;这就是为什么JDK动态代理需要实现接口的原因?Java是单继承
下面定义一个字节码生成器ByteCodeGenerator来一看究竟:
package com.toby.proxy.generator; import com.toby.service.impl.UserServiceImpl; import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.Enhancer; import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodInterceptor; import sun.misc.ProxyGenerator; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.lang.reflect.Modifier; import java.nio.file.Files; /** * @desc: 字节码生成器 * @author: toby * @date: 2019/8/5 0:05 */ public class ByteCodeGenerator { /** * 根据目标对象生成字节码(Jdk) * @param target * @param <T> * @return */ public static <T> byte[] generatorByteCodeByJdkProxy(T target){ int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL; byte [] codes = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass("Proxy$"+target.getClass().getName(), target.getClass().getInterfaces(),accessFlags); return codes; } /** * 根据目标对象生成字节码(Cglib) * @param target * @param <T> * @return * @throws Exception */ public static <T> byte[] generatorByteCodeByCglib(final T target) throws Exception { Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer(); enhancer.setSuperclass(target.getClass()); enhancer.setCallback((MethodInterceptor) (o, method, objects, methodProxy) -> methodProxy.invoke(target,objects)); enhancer.create(); byte [] codes = enhancer.getStrategy().generate(enhancer); return codes; } public static void main(String[] args) { /** * 测试jdk */ try { byte [] codes = ByteCodeGenerator.generatorByteCodeByJdkProxy(new UserServiceImpl()); File file = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir")+"/spring-aop/target/Proxy$UserServiceImpl.class"); Files.write(file.toPath(),codes); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } /** * 测试cglib */ try { FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(System.getProperty("user.dir")+"/spring-aop/target/Cglib$UserServiceImpl.class"); out.write(ByteCodeGenerator.generatorByteCodeByCglib(new UserServiceImpl())); out.flush(); out.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
Jdk生成的动态代理字节码:
// // Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA // (powered by Fernflower decompiler) // package Proxy$com.toby.service.impl; import com.toby.service.UserService; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.lang.reflect.Proxy; import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException; public final class UserServiceImpl extends Proxy implements UserService { private static Method m1; private static Method m2; private static Method m3; private static Method m0; public UserServiceImpl(InvocationHandler var1) throws { super(var1); } public final boolean equals(Object var1) throws { try { return (Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[]{var1}); } catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) { throw var3; } catch (Throwable var4) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4); } } public final String toString() throws { try { return (String)super.h.invoke(this, m2, (Object[])null); } catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) { throw var2; } catch (Throwable var3) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3); } } public final void add() throws { try { super.h.invoke(this, m3, (Object[])null); } catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) { throw var2; } catch (Throwable var3) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3); } } public final int hashCode() throws { try { return (Integer)super.h.invoke(this, m0, (Object[])null); } catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) { throw var2; } catch (Throwable var3) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3); } } static { try { m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", Class.forName("java.lang.Object")); m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString"); m3 = Class.forName("com.toby.service.UserService").getMethod("add"); m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode"); } catch (NoSuchMethodException var2) { throw new NoSuchMethodError(var2.getMessage()); } catch (ClassNotFoundException var3) { throw new NoClassDefFoundError(var3.getMessage()); } } }
Cglib生成动态代理的字节码:
// // Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA // (powered by Fernflower decompiler) // package com.toby.service.impl; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import org.springframework.cglib.core.ReflectUtils; import org.springframework.cglib.core.Signature; import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.Callback; import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.Factory; import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodInterceptor; import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy; public class UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$b26297df extends UserServiceImpl implements Factory { private boolean CGLIB$BOUND; public static Object CGLIB$FACTORY_DATA; private static final ThreadLocal CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS; private static final Callback[] CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS; private MethodInterceptor CGLIB$CALLBACK_0; private static Object CGLIB$CALLBACK_FILTER; private static final Method CGLIB$add$0$Method; private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$add$0$Proxy; private static final Object[] CGLIB$emptyArgs; private static final Method CGLIB$equals$1$Method; private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy; private static final Method CGLIB$toString$2$Method; private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy; private static final Method CGLIB$hashCode$3$Method; private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy; private static final Method CGLIB$clone$4$Method; private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy; static void CGLIB$STATICHOOK2() { CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS = new ThreadLocal(); CGLIB$emptyArgs = new Object[0]; Class var0 = Class.forName("com.toby.service.impl.UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$b26297df"); Class var1; Method[] var10000 = ReflectUtils.findMethods(new String[]{"equals", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z", "toString", "()Ljava/lang/String;", "hashCode", "()I", "clone", "()Ljava/lang/Object;"}, (var1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object")).getDeclaredMethods()); CGLIB$equals$1$Method = var10000[0]; CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z", "equals", "CGLIB$equals$1"); CGLIB$toString$2$Method = var10000[1]; CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()Ljava/lang/String;", "toString", "CGLIB$toString$2"); CGLIB$hashCode$3$Method = var10000[2]; CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()I", "hashCode", "CGLIB$hashCode$3"); CGLIB$clone$4$Method = var10000[3]; CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()Ljava/lang/Object;", "clone", "CGLIB$clone$4"); CGLIB$add$0$Method = ReflectUtils.findMethods(new String[]{"add", "()V"}, (var1 = Class.forName("com.toby.service.impl.UserServiceImpl")).getDeclaredMethods())[0]; CGLIB$add$0$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()V", "add", "CGLIB$add$0"); } final void CGLIB$add$0() { super.add(); } public final void add() { MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0; if (var10000 == null) { CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this); var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0; } if (var10000 != null) { var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$add$0$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$add$0$Proxy); } else { super.add(); } } final boolean CGLIB$equals$1(Object var1) { return super.equals(var1); } public final boolean equals(Object var1) { MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0; if (var10000 == null) { CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this); var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0; } if (var10000 != null) { Object var2 = var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$equals$1$Method, new Object[]{var1}, CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy); return var2 == null ? false : (Boolean)var2; } else { return super.equals(var1); } } final String CGLIB$toString$2() { return super.toString(); } public final String toString() { MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0; if (var10000 == null) { CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this); var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0; } return var10000 != null ? (String)var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$toString$2$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy) : super.toString(); } final int CGLIB$hashCode$3() { return super.hashCode(); } public final int hashCode() { MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0; if (var10000 == null) { CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this); var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0; } if (var10000 != null) { Object var1 = var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$hashCode$3$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy); return var1 == null ? 0 : ((Number)var1).intValue(); } else { return super.hashCode(); } } final Object CGLIB$clone$4() throws CloneNotSupportedException { return super.clone(); } protected final Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0; if (var10000 == null) { CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this); var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0; } return var10000 != null ? var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$clone$4$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy) : super.clone(); } public static MethodProxy CGLIB$findMethodProxy(Signature var0) { String var10000 = var0.toString(); switch(var10000.hashCode()) { case -1422568652: if (var10000.equals("add()V")) { return CGLIB$add$0$Proxy; } break; case -508378822: if (var10000.equals("clone()Ljava/lang/Object;")) { return CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy; } break; case 1826985398: if (var10000.equals("equals(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z")) { return CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy; } break; case 1913648695: if (var10000.equals("toString()Ljava/lang/String;")) { return CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy; } break; case 1984935277: if (var10000.equals("hashCode()I")) { return CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy; } } return null; } public UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$b26297df() { CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this); } public static void CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(Callback[] var0) { CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS.set(var0); } public static void CGLIB$SET_STATIC_CALLBACKS(Callback[] var0) { CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS = var0; } private static final void CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(Object var0) { UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$b26297df var1 = (UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$b26297df)var0; if (!var1.CGLIB$BOUND) { var1.CGLIB$BOUND = true; Object var10000 = CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS.get(); if (var10000 == null) { var10000 = CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS; if (var10000 == null) { return; } } var1.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 = (MethodInterceptor)((Callback[])var10000)[0]; } } public Object newInstance(Callback[] var1) { CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(var1); UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$b26297df var10000 = new UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$b26297df(); CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS((Callback[])null); return var10000; } public Object newInstance(Callback var1) { CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(new Callback[]{var1}); UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$b26297df var10000 = new UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$b26297df(); CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS((Callback[])null); return var10000; } public Object newInstance(Class[] var1, Object[] var2, Callback[] var3) { CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(var3); UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$b26297df var10000 = new UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$b26297df; switch(var1.length) { case 0: var10000.<init>(); CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS((Callback[])null); return var10000; default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("Constructor not found"); } } public Callback getCallback(int var1) { CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this); MethodInterceptor var10000; switch(var1) { case 0: var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0; break; default: var10000 = null; } return var10000; } public void setCallback(int var1, Callback var2) { switch(var1) { case 0: this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 = (MethodInterceptor)var2; default: } } public Callback[] getCallbacks() { CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this); return new Callback[]{this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0}; } public void setCallbacks(Callback[] var1) { this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 = (MethodInterceptor)var1[0]; } static { CGLIB$STATICHOOK2(); } }
第四种:Javassist动态代理(在动态字节码插桩详解)
① 定义一个JavassistDynamicProxy实现Javassist动态代理:
package com.toby.proxy; import javassist.util.proxy.ProxyFactory; import javassist.util.proxy.ProxyObject; /** * @desc: javassist * @author: toby * @date: 2019/8/15 20:22 */ public class JavassistDynamicProxy { /** * 创建Javassist动态代理 * @param targetObject * @throws Exception * @return */ public Object createJavassistDynamicProxy(final Object targetObject)throws Exception { ProxyFactory factory = new ProxyFactory(); factory.setInterfaces(targetObject.getClass().getInterfaces()); Class<?> proxyClass = factory.createClass(); Object javassistProxy = proxyClass.newInstance(); ((ProxyObject)javassistProxy).setHandler((self,thisMethod,proceed,args)-> { //写对应的增强代码 System.out.println("Javassist日志记录开始"); //调用真正的业务方法 Object obj = thisMethod.invoke(targetObject,args); System.out.println("Javassist日志记录结束"); return obj; }); return javassistProxy; } }
② 定义一个JavassistBytecodeDynamicProxy实现Javassist动态代理:
package com.toby.proxy; import javassist.*; import java.lang.reflect.Field; /** * @desc: javassist 字节码动态代理 * @author: toby * @date: 2019/8/15 20:42 */ public class JavassistBytecodeDynamicProxy { /** * 创建Javassist字节码动态代理 * @param targetObject * @return * @throws Exception */ public static Object createJavassistBytecodeDynamicProxy(final Object targetObject) throws Exception { ClassPool pool = ClassPool.getDefault(); CtClass proxyClass = pool.makeClass("JavassistProxy" + "&" +targetObject.getClass().getName()); proxyClass.addInterface(pool.get(targetObject.getClass().getInterfaces()[0].getName())); proxyClass.addConstructor(CtNewConstructor.defaultConstructor(proxyClass)); proxyClass.addField(CtField.make("private " + targetObject.getClass().getName() + " targetObject;", proxyClass)); proxyClass.addMethod(CtNewMethod.make("public void add() { \n" + "System.out.println(\"Javassist字节码日志记录开始\");\n" + "targetObject.add();\n" + "System.out.println(\"Javassist字节码日志记录结束\");\n"+ "}", proxyClass)); Class<?> clazz = proxyClass.toClass(); Object bytecodeProxy = clazz.newInstance(); Field field = bytecodeProxy.getClass().getDeclaredField("targetObject"); field.setAccessible(true); field.set(bytecodeProxy,targetObject); return bytecodeProxy; } /** * 创建Javassist字节码动态代理2 * @param targetObject * @return * @throws Exception */ public static Object createJavassistBytecodeDynamicProxy2(final Object targetObject) throws Exception { ClassPool pool = ClassPool.getDefault(); pool.appendSystemPath(); CtClass ctl = pool.get(targetObject.getClass().getName()); ctl.setName("JavassistProxy" + "&" + targetObject.getClass().getName()); CtMethod ctMethod = ctl.getDeclaredMethod("add"); ctMethod.insertBefore("System.out.println(\"Javassist字节码2日志记录开始\");"); ctMethod.insertAfter("System.out.println(\"Javassist字节码2日志记录结束\");"); Class<?> clazz = ctl.toClass(); Object bytecodeProxy = clazz.newInstance(); return bytecodeProxy; } }
四、Spring AOP
Spring AOP提供两种编程风格,详细用法见Spring官网:https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/core.html#aop-aspectj-support
① @AspectJ support(利用aspectj的注解)
② Schema-based AOP support(基于xml aop:config命名空间)
启用@AspectJ支持
① 使用Java Configuration启用@AspectJ支持:要使用Java @Configuration启用@AspectJ支持,要添加@EnableAspectJAutoProxy注释:
@Configuration @EnableAspectJAutoProxy public class AppConfig { }
② 使用XML配置启用@AspectJ支持:要使用基于xml的配置启用@AspectJ支持,可以使用aop:aspectj-autoproxy元素
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
声明一个Aspect
@Aspect @Component public class UserAspect { }
声明一个Pointcut
@Pointcut("execution(* com.toby.service.UserService.*(..))")//the pointcut expression
public void pointCutExecution(){}//the pointcut signature
Spring AOP支持的9种切入点表达式
① execution:execution用于匹配方法执行 join points连接点,最小粒度方法
execution(modifiers-pattern? ret-type-pattern declaring-type-pattern?name-pattern(param-pattern) throws-pattern?) 这里问号表示当前项可以有也可以没有,其中各项的语义如下 modifiers-pattern:方法的可见性,如public,protected; ret-type-pattern:方法的返回值类型,如int,void等; declaring-type-pattern:方法所在类的全路径名,如com.spring.Aspect; name-pattern:方法名类型,如buisinessService(); param-pattern:方法的参数类型,如java.lang.String; throws-pattern:方法抛出的异常类型,如java.lang.Exception; example: @Pointcut("execution(* com.toby.dao.*.*(..))")//匹配com.toby.dao包下的任意接口和类的任意方法 @Pointcut("execution(public * com.toby.dao.*.*(..))")//匹配com.toby.dao包下的任意接口和类的public方法 @Pointcut("execution(public * com.toby.dao.*.*())")//匹配com.toby.dao包下的任意接口和类的public 无方法参数的方法 @Pointcut("execution(* com.toby.dao.*.*(java.lang.String, ..))")//匹配com.toby.dao包下的任意接口和类的第一个参数为String类型的方法 @Pointcut("execution(* com.toby.dao.*.*(java.lang.String))")//匹配com.toby.dao包下的任意接口和类的只有一个参数,且参数为String类型的方法 @Pointcut("execution(* com.toby.dao.*.*(java.lang.String))")//匹配com.toby.dao包下的任意接口和类的只有一个参数,且参数为String类型的方法 @Pointcut("execution(public * *(..))")//匹配任意的public方法 @Pointcut("execution(* te*(..))")//匹配任意的以te开头的方法 @Pointcut("execution(* com.toby.dao.IndexDao.*(..))")//匹配com.toby.dao.IndexDao接口中任意的方法 @Pointcut("execution(* com.toby.dao..*.*(..))")//匹配com.toby.dao包及其子包中任意的方法 关于这个表达式的详细写法,可以参考官网:https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/core.html#aop-pointcuts-examples
定义一个AopConfig配置类:
package com.toby.config; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.EnableAspectJAutoProxy; /** * @desc: aop配置类 * @author: toby * @date: 2019/8/5 23:48 */ @Configuration /** * 此处需要注意的是,如果配置设置proxyTargetClass=false,或默认为false,则是用JDK代理,否则使用的是CGLIB代理 * JDK代理的实现方式是基于接口实现,代理类继承Proxy,实现接口。而CGLIB继承被代理的类来实现。 * 所以使用target会保证目标不变,匹配目标对象不会受到这个设置的影响。 * 但是使用this时,会根据该选项的设置,CGLIB this可以代理原因是继承了被代理的对象也就是目标对象,JDK的this就不能被代理了。 */ @EnableAspectJAutoProxy(proxyTargetClass = true) @ComponentScan(basePackages="com.toby") public class AopConfig { }
定义一个UserAspect:
package com.toby.aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * @desc: 用户切面,该切面一定要交给spring容器管理 * @author: toby * @date: 2019/8/5 22:56 */ @Aspect @Component public class UserAspect { /** * For matching method execution join points. This is the primary pointcut designator to use when working with Spring AOP. * execution用于匹配方法执行 join points连接点,最小粒度方法 * 详细用法参考:https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/core.html#aop-pointcuts-examples */ @Pointcut("execution(* com.toby.service.UserService.*(..))") public void pointCutExecution(){} @Before("pointCutExecution()") public void before(){ System.out.println("--------before--------"); } @After("pointCutExecution()") public void after(){ System.out.println("--------after--------"); } }
定义一个启动测试类AopMain(下同):
package com.toby; import com.toby.config.AopConfig; import com.toby.service.UserService; import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext; /** * @desc: aop启动类 * @author: toby * @date: 2019/8/5 23:50 */ public class AopMain { public static void main(String[] args) { AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AopConfig.class); UserService userService = context.getBean(UserService.class); userService.say("toby"); } }
运行结果如下:
② within:用于匹配指定类型内的方法执行, within与execution相比,粒度更大,仅能实现到包和接口、类级别。而execution可以精确到方法的返回值,参数个数、修饰符、参数类型等。
定义一个UserAspect:
package com.toby.aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * @desc: 用户切面,该切面一定要交给spring容器管理 * @author: toby * @date: 2019/8/5 22:56 */ @Aspect @Component public class UserAspect { /** * Limits matching to join points within certain types (the execution of a method declared within a matching type when using Spring AOP). * 用于匹配指定类型内的方法执行, within与execution相比,粒度更大,仅能实现到包和接口、类级别。而execution可以精确到方法的返回值,参数个数、修饰符、参数类型等 */ @Pointcut("within(com.toby.service.impl.UserServiceImpl)") public void pointCutWithin(){} @Before("pointCutWithin()") public void before(){ System.out.println("--------before--------"); } @After("pointCutWithin()") public void after(){ System.out.println("--------after--------"); } }
运行结果如下:
③ this:用于匹配当前AOP代理对象类型的执行方法;注意是AOP代理对象的类型匹配
定义一个UserAspect:
package com.toby.aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * @desc: 用户切面,该切面一定要交给spring容器管理 * @author: toby * @date: 2019/8/5 22:56 */ @Aspect @Component public class UserAspect { /** * Limits matching to join points (the execution of methods when using Spring AOP) where the bean reference (Spring AOP proxy) is an instance of the given type. * 用于匹配当前AOP代理对象类型的执行方法;注意是AOP代理对象的类型匹配 */ @Pointcut("this(com.toby.service.impl.UserServiceImpl)") public void pointCutThis(){} @Before("pointCutThis()") public void before(){ System.out.println("--------before--------"); } @After("pointCutThis()") public void after(){ System.out.println("--------after--------"); } }
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy(proxyTargetClass = true),则用CGLIB代理,而CGLIB继承被代理的类来实现,所以this能匹配到,运行结果:
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy,默认proxyTargetClass = false,如果基于接口则用JDK代理,所以this匹配不到,运行结果:
④ target:用于匹配当前目标对象类型的执行方法
定义一个UserAspect:
package com.toby.aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * @desc: 用户切面,该切面一定要交给spring容器管理 * @author: toby * @date: 2019/8/5 22:56 */ @Aspect @Component public class UserAspect { /** * Limits matching to join points (the execution of methods when using Spring AOP) where the target object (application object being proxied) is an instance of the given type. * 用于匹配当前目标对象类型的执行方法 */ @Pointcut("target(com.toby.service.impl.UserServiceImpl)") public void pointCutTarget(){} @Before("pointCutTarget()") public void before(){ System.out.println("--------before--------"); } @After("pointCutTarget()") public void after(){ System.out.println("--------after--------"); } }
运行结果如下:
⑤ args:用于匹配当前执行的方法传入的参数为指定类型的执行方法
定义一个UserAspect:
package com.toby.aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * @desc: 用户切面,该切面一定要交给spring容器管理 * @author: toby * @date: 2019/8/5 22:56 */ @Aspect @Component public class UserAspect { /** * Limits matching to join points (the execution of methods when using Spring AOP) where the arguments are instances of the given types. * 用于匹配当前执行的方法传入的参数为指定类型的执行方法 */ @Pointcut("args(java.lang.String)") public void pointCutArgs(){} @Before("pointCutArgs()") public void before(){ System.out.println("--------before--------"); } @After("pointCutArgs()") public void after(){ System.out.println("--------after--------"); } }
定义一个启动测试类AopMain:
package com.toby; import com.toby.config.AopConfig; import com.toby.service.UserService; import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext; /** * @desc: aop启动类 * @author: toby * @date: 2019/8/5 23:50 */ public class AopMain { public static void main(String[] args) { AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AopConfig.class); UserService userService = context.getBean(UserService.class); //不能被增强 userService.add(); //能被增强 匹配到了参数String类型 userService.say("toby"); } }
运行结果如下:
⑥ @target:匹配目标对象类型是否有指定的注解
定义目标对象UserServiceImpl如下:
package com.toby.service.impl; import com.toby.anno.Toby; import com.toby.service.UserService; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /** * @desc: user业务的实现类 * @author: toby * @date: 2019/8/4 23:29 */ @Service @Toby public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { @Override public void add() { System.out.println("执行UserServiceImpl的add方法"); } @Override public String say(String name) { System.out.println("执行UserServiceImpl的say方法 args = " + name); return "hello " + name; } }
定义一个注解Log:
package com.toby.anno; import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.annotation.Target; /** * @desc: 日志注解 * @author: toby * @date: 2019/8/5 23:06 */ @Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) public @interface Log { }
定义一个UserAspect:
package com.toby.aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * @desc: 用户切面,该切面一定要交给spring容器管理 * @author: toby * @date: 2019/8/5 22:56 */ @Aspect @Component public class UserAspect { /** * Limits matching to join points (the execution of methods when using Spring AOP) where the class of the executing object has an annotation of the given type. * 用于匹配目标对象类型是否有指定的注解 */ @Pointcut("@target(com.toby.anno.Log)") public void pointCutTargetAnno(){} @Before("pointCutTargetAnno()") public void before(){ System.out.println("--------before--------"); } @After("pointCutTargetAnno()") public void after(){ System.out.println("--------after--------"); } }
运行结果如下:
⑦ @args:匹配方法参数所属的类型上有指定的注解(例子略)
⑧ @within:用于匹配所持有指定注解类型内的所以连接点也就是方法(例子略)
⑨ @annotation:用于匹配当前执行方法持有指定注解的方法(注解作用在方法上面)
定义目标对象UserServiceImpl如下:
package com.toby.service.impl; import com.toby.anno.Log; import com.toby.service.UserService; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /** * @desc: user业务的实现类 * @author: toby * @date: 2019/8/4 23:29 */ @Service public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { @Override public void add() { System.out.println("执行UserServiceImpl的add方法"); } @Override @Log public String say(String name) { System.out.println("执行UserServiceImpl的say方法 args = " + name); return "hello " + name; } }
定义一个UserAspect:
package com.toby.aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * @desc: 用户切面,该切面一定要交给spring容器管理 * @author: toby * @date: 2019/8/5 22:56 */ @Aspect @Component public class UserAspect { /** * Limits matching to join points where the subject of the join point (the method being executed in Spring AOP) has the given annotation. * 用于匹配当前执行方法持有指定注解的方法(注解作用在方法上面); */ @Pointcut("@annotation(com.toby.anno.Log)") public void pointCutAnno(){} @Before("pointCutAnno()") public void before(){ System.out.println("--------before--------"); } @After("pointCutAnno()") public void after(){ System.out.println("--------after--------"); } }
运行结果发现:userService.add();//不能被增强 userService.say("toby");//能被增强,因为say方法上有@Log注解;
总结:本章讲解了Spring AOP的核心概念和应用场景,Spring AOP可以帮我们解决编程过程中的一些横切性问题,比如我们要记录日志,事务管理,性能监控,权限认证等。使的这些问题能和我们业务逻辑分开,达到了解耦的目的,代码的重用性更高。如何声明一个Aspect,声明一个Pointcut以及Spring AOP支持的9种切入点表达式。Spring AOP的代理方式有2种,一个是JDK一个CGLIB,如果配置设置proxyTargetClass=false,或默认为false,则是用JDK代理,否则使用的是CGLIB代理,注意JDK动态代理必须实现接口,否则还是会走CGLIB动态代理。(后续的源码解析会分析到原因),Spring系列完整代码在码云:spring系列