去哪儿网输入框三种输入方式(selenium webdriver 干货)
在机票预定的页面,输入出发城市和到达城市输入框的时候, 发现直接使用sendkeys不好使,
大部分情况出现输入某城市后没有输入进去, 经过几天的研究,发现可以采取三种方式:
1. 先点击输入框,待弹出 城市选择框之后,点击相应的城市
2. 缓慢输入城市的缩略字母或者城市的名字的部分,会显示出待选城市的下拉列表,进而从下拉列表中选择相应的城市.
3. 直接执行 js脚本对input的value设置为想要的值
首先说一下第三种方式:
JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
js.executeScript("arguments[0].value=\"北京\"", from_inpox);
执行效果最好,
22:35:34.885 INFO - Executing: [execute script: arguments[0].value="北京", [[[Ch
romeDriver: chrome on XP (6452a4a961be7bffa2af9d1b63f3d111)] -> xpath: //div[@id
='js_flighttype_tab_domestic']//input[@name='fromCity']]]])
如上图所演示,两种方式均是用户真实行为。
采取第一种方式:
- 首先定位到输入框
- 点击输入框
- 从弹出的热门城市框中点击所需要的城市
WebElement from_inpox = driver .findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='js_flighttype_tab_domestic']//input[@name='fromCity']")); Actions actions = new Actions(driver); actions.moveToElement(from_inpox).click().perform(); driver.findElement(By .xpath("//div[@data-panel='domesticfrom-flight-hotcity-from']//a[@class='js-hotcitylist' and text()='西安']")) .click();
这里我并没有直接使用click, 而是使用Actions,原因是我在对到达城市操作时,发现经常报element can't be clicked这样的错误,
大意是,当要点击到达城市输入框,其实是被上层的元素遮挡,没法使用click方法,但是可以使用Actions的moveToElement方法之后可以click
或者采取滚动到该元素,调用JS
JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
jse.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView()",element);
之后就可进行click操作.
如果使用第二种方法,就会遇到一个很大的问题:
如何定位到JS生成的下拉列表的城市?Firebug定位之前列表就消失!
看上去很难哈,反复尝试无所成, 最后突然想起既然是JS生成的,何不使用浏览器的JS debug功能,设置断点一步一步
果不其然,药到病除。nice job~
思路有了,跟我一起做,点开firebug ,切换到“脚本”界面,首先在输入框输入单字母s,待弹出下拉列表后,单击左侧的插入断点操作
你会发现该下拉框被冻结,不错呦,之后切换到html界面进行定位。
不光是去哪网,像百度输入框也可以采取这样的办法,JS设置断点,js的弹出框,弹出菜单就会冻结.
接下来我的输入就是选择下拉菜单中所需城市:
from_inpox.clear(); from_inpox.sendKeys("BJ"); Thread.sleep(8000); By bj=new By.ByXPath("//div[@class='qcbox-fixed js-suggestcontainer']//td[contains(text(),'北京')]"); if(isElementPresent(driver,bj,20)) { driver.findElement(bj).click(); }
所要注意的是,下拉菜单中未必弹出那么快,需要做一次等待,在选择下拉菜单的时候需要做一次判断,当然这个判断方法是使用WebDriverWait
/** * @author Young * @param driver * @param by * @param timeOut * @return */ public static boolean isElementPresent(WebDriver driver, final By by, int timeOut) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeOut); boolean isPresent = false; isPresent = wait.until(new ExpectedCondition<WebElement>() { @Override public WebElement apply(WebDriver d) { return d.findElement(by); } }).isDisplayed(); return isPresent; }
依然不够完美,为什么这么说,如果元素没有出现,并不是返回的false而是直接抛异常,并不是期望的,所以修改为findElements
如果找不到,返回List长度必然为0,进而返回false而不是抛出异常
/** * @author Young * @param driver * @param by * @param timeOut * @return * @throws InterruptedException */ public static boolean isElementPresent(WebDriver driver, final By by, int timeOut) throws InterruptedException { boolean isPresent = false; Thread.sleep(timeOut * 1000); List<WebElement> we = driver.findElements(by); if (we.size() != 0) { isPresent = true; } return isPresent; }
测试步骤:
1.选择出发城市-> 北京
到达城市->上海
选择今天之后的七天
点击search button
2.选择某带“每段航班均需缴纳税费” 的订单
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { WebDriver driver = DriverFactory.getChromeDriver(); driver.get("http://flight.qunar.com/"); driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); WebElement from_inpox = driver .findElement(By .xpath("//div[@id='js_flighttype_tab_domestic']//input[@name='fromCity']")); WebElement to_inpox = driver .findElement(By .xpath("//div[@id='js_flighttype_tab_domestic']//input[@name='toCity']")); WebElement from_date = driver .findElement(By .xpath("//div[@id='js_flighttype_tab_domestic']//input[@name='fromDate']")); WebElement sigleWayCheckBox = driver .findElement(By .xpath("//div[@id='js_flighttype_tab_domestic']//input[@class='inp_chk js-searchtype-oneway']")); if (!sigleWayCheckBox.isSelected()) { sigleWayCheckBox.click(); } from_inpox.clear(); from_inpox.sendKeys("BJ"); Thread.sleep(8000); By bj = new By.ByXPath( "//div[@class='qcbox-fixed js-suggestcontainer']//td[contains(text(),'北京')]"); if (isElementPresent(driver, bj, 20)) { driver.findElement(bj).click(); } to_inpox.clear(); to_inpox.sendKeys("SH"); Thread.sleep(8000); By sh = new By.ByXPath( "//div[@class='qcbox-fixed js-suggestcontainer']//td[contains(text(),'上海')]"); if (isElementPresent(driver, sh, 20)) { driver.findElement(sh).click(); } // Actions actions = new Actions(driver); // actions.moveToElement(from_inpox).click().perform(); // driver.findElement( // By.xpath("//div[@data-panel='domesticfrom-flight-hotcity-from']//a[@class='js-hotcitylist' and text()='西安']")) // .click(); // driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); // driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); // actions.moveToElement(to_inpox).click().perform(); // driver.findElement( // By.xpath("//div[@data-panel='domesticto-flight-hotcity-to']//a[@class='js-hotcitylist' and text()='北京']")) // .click(); // driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); // driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); from_date.clear(); from_date.sendKeys(getDateAfterToday(7)); WebElement search = driver .findElement(By .xpath("//div[@id='js_flighttype_tab_domestic']//button[@class='btn_search']")); search.submit(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); WebElement page2 = driver.findElement(By .xpath("//div[@id='hdivPager']/a[@value='2']")); JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; jse.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView()", page2); page2.click(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.findElement( By.xpath("(//div[@class='avt_trans']//p[contains(text(),'每段航班均需缴纳税费')]/ancestor::div//div[@class='a_booking']/a)[3]")) .click(); driver.findElement( By.xpath("//div[@id='flightbarXI883']//div[@class='t_bk']/a")) .click(); } public static String getDateAfterToday(int dateAfterToday) { Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance(); cal.add(Calendar.DATE, +dateAfterToday); System.out.println(cal.getTime().toString()); Date date = cal.getTime(); SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); System.out.println(df.format(date)); return df.format(date); } /** * @author Young * @param driver * @param by * @param timeOut * @return * @throws InterruptedException */ public static boolean isElementPresent(WebDriver driver, final By by, int timeOut) throws InterruptedException { boolean isPresent = false; Thread.sleep(timeOut * 1000); List<WebElement> we = driver.findElements(by); if (we.size() != 0) { isPresent = true; } return isPresent; }
效果如下: