【剑指Offer-37】序列化二叉树

问题

请实现两个函数,分别用来序列化和反序列化二叉树。

示例

你可以将以下二叉树:

    1
   / \
  2   3
     / \
    4   5

序列化为 "[1,2,3,null,null,4,5]"

解答1:迭代(层序遍历)

class Codec {
public:
    // Encodes a tree to a single string.
    string serialize(TreeNode* root) {
        queue<TreeNode*> q;
        string res;
        q.push(root);
        while (!q.empty()) {
            TreeNode* cur = q.front(); q.pop();
            if (!cur) res += 'x'; // x代表NULL
            else {
                res += to_string(cur->val);
                q.push(cur->left);
                q.push(cur->right);
            }
            res += ' '; // 空格为分隔符
        }
        return res;
    }
    // Decodes your encoded data to tree.
    TreeNode* deserialize(string data) {
        vector<TreeNode*> nodes;
        string s;
        istringstream is(data);
        while (is >> s) {
            if (s == "x") nodes.push_back(NULL);
            else nodes.push_back(new TreeNode(stoi(s)));
        }
        int pos = 1;
        for (int i = 0; i < nodes.size(); i++) {
            if (!nodes[i]) continue;
            nodes[i]->left = nodes[pos++];
            nodes[i]->right = nodes[pos++];
        }
        return nodes[0];
    }
};

重点思路

层序遍历,编码时使用空格分隔是为了后续使用istringstream,该方法可以在while中使用>>将每个值传入string中。

解答2:递归(前序遍历)

class Codec {
public:
    // Encodes a tree to a single string.
    string serialize(TreeNode* root) {
        if (!root) return "x";
        return to_string(root->val) + " " + serialize(root->left) + " " + serialize(root->right) + " ";
    }
    // Decodes your encoded data to tree.
    TreeNode* deserialize(string data) {
        istringstream is(data);
        return recur(is);
    }
private:
    TreeNode* recur(istringstream& is) {
        string s;
        is >> s;
        if (s == "x") return NULL;
        TreeNode* node = new TreeNode(stoi(s));
        node->left = recur(is);
        node->right = recur(is);
        return node;
    }
};

重点思路

要简单递归只能采用前序遍历。这道题得出的结论就是,涉及到字符串编解码问题的时候istringstream真好用。

posted @ 2021-02-28 22:05  tmpUser  阅读(39)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报