Springboot 系列 (25) - Springboot+HBase 大数据存储（三）| HBase Shell
HBase Shell 是 HBase 的一套命令行工具，可以使用 shell 命令在 HBase 所在的本机上查询/操作 HBase 的数据。
HBase Shell 相关文档：https://hbase.apache.org/book.html#shell
在 “Springboot 系列 (24) - Springboot+HBase 大数据存储（二）| 安装配置 Apache HBase 和 Apache Zookeeper” 里我们安装配置了 Apache HBase 和 Apache Zookeeper。
本文将介绍 HBase Shell 的使用方式。
1. 系统环境
操作系统：Ubuntu 20.04
Java 版本：openjdk 11.0.18
Hadoop 版本：3.2.2
Zookeeper 版本：3.6.3
HBase 版本：2.4.4
HBase 所在路径：~/apps/hbase-2.4.4
本文使用的 HBase 部署在伪分布式 Hadoop 架构上（主机名：hadoop-master-vm），在 HBase + Zookeeper (独立的) 模式下运行，Zookeeper 使用端口 2182。
2. 运行 HBase Shell
$ cd ~/apps
$ ./hbase-2.4.4/bin/hbase shell
# help 命令
hbase:001:0> help
HBase Shell, version 2.4.4, r20e7ba45b0c3affdc0c06b1a0e5cbddd1b2d8d18, Mon Jun 7 15:31:55 PDT 2021
Type 'help "COMMAND"', (e.g. 'help "get"' -- the quotes are necessary) for help on a specific command.
Commands are grouped. Type 'help "COMMAND_GROUP"', (e.g. 'help "general"') for help on a command group.
...
# 查看 HBase 版本
hbase:002:0> version
2.4.4, r20e7ba45b0c3affdc0c06b1a0e5cbddd1b2d8d18, Mon Jun 7 15:31:55 PDT 2021
Took 0.0002 seconds
# 查看 HBase 状态
hbase:003:0> status
1 active master, 0 backup masters, 1 servers, 0 dead, 1.0000 average load
Took 0.4128 seconds
# 退出 Shell
hbase:003:0> exit # 或 quit
3. Table 操作
$ cd ~/apps
$ ./hbase-2.4.4/bin/hbase shell
# 查看所有表
hbase:001:0> list
TABLE
0 row(s)
Took 0.3782 seconds
=> []
# 创建 test 表，一个列族 cf1
hbase:002:0> create 'test', 'cf1'
Created table test
Took 1.2217 seconds
=> Hbase::Table - test
# 查看表描述信息
hbase:003:0> describe 'test'
Table test is ENABLED
test
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'cf1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', IN_MEMORY => 'false', VERSIONS => '1', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOC
K_ENCODING => 'NONE', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE =
> '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
1 row(s)
Quota is disabled
Took 0.0453 seconds
# 添加 2 个列族
hbase:004:0> alter 'test', 'cf2', 'cf3'
Updating all regions with the new schema...
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
Took 2.3449 seconds
# 删除 cf3 列族
hbase:005:0> alter 'test', {NAME => 'cf3', METHOD => 'delete'}
Updating all regions with the new schema...
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
Took 2.1434 seconds
# 修改 cf1 列族的 VERSIONS 为 2，默认是 1 (即只保留最后一个版本)
hbase:006:0> alter 'test', {NAME => 'cf1', VERSIONS => 2}
Updating all regions with the new schema...
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
Took 2.1434 seconds
# 查看表描述信息
hbase:007:0> describe 'test'
Table test is ENABLED
test
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'cf1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', IN_MEMORY => 'false', VERSIONS => '2', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOC
K_ENCODING => 'NONE', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE =
> '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
{NAME => 'cf2', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', IN_MEMORY => 'false', VERSIONS => '1', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOC
K_ENCODING => 'NONE', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE =
> '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
2 row(s)
Quota is disabled
Took 0.0266 seconds
# 检查表是否存在
hbase:008:0> exists 'demo'
Table demo does not exist
Took 0.0220 seconds
=> false
# 使用 disable 禁用一个表
hbase:009:0> disable 'test'
Took 0.3985 seconds
# 使用 is_enabled 查看一个表是否被禁用，也可以用 is_disabled 来查看
hbase:010:0> is_enabled 'test'
false
Took 0.0143 seconds
=> false
# 使用 enable 启用一个表
hbase:011:0> enable 'test'
# 删除一个表，删除前要先使用 disable 禁用这个表
hbase:012:0> disable 'demo'
hbase:013:0> drop 'demo'
# 退出 Shell
hbase:015:0> exit # 或 quit
4. 添加数据
可以通过 put 命令来插入数据，以上文创建的 test 表为例，test 表包含 cf1，cf2 和 cf3 三个列族 (Column Family)，列簇下的列不需要提前创建，在需要时通过 “:” 来指定即可。
我们将向 test 表添加如下数据：
| id | name | age | job |
| row1 | Tom | 12 | Student |
| row2 | Jerry | 9 | Engineer |
| row3 | Jerry | 10 | Engineer |
注：row3 的 name、job 数据和 row2 的 name、job 数据的值一样，可以正常存储。
$ cd ~/apps
$ ./hbase-2.4.4/bin/hbase shell
# 添加 row1 的 name 数据到 cf1 列族
hbase:001:0> put 'test', 'row1', 'cf1:name', 'Tom'
Took 0.3990 seconds
# 查看 row1
hbase:002:0> get 'test', 'row1'
COLUMN CELL
cf1:name timestamp=2023-04-01T20:54:44.931, value=Tom
1 row(s)
Took 0.0517 seconds
# 添加 row1 的 age 数据到 cf1 列族，并添加时间戳（可以不加，系统自动会生成时间戳）
hbase:003:0> put 'test', 'row1', 'cf1:age', '12', 1
# 查看 row1
hbase:004:0> get 'test', 'row1'
COLUMN CELL
cf1:age timestamp=1970-01-01T08:00:00.001, value=12
cf1:name timestamp=2023-04-01T20:54:44.931, value=Tom
1 row(s)
Took 0.0106 seconds
# 继续添加数据
hbase:005:0> put 'test', 'row1', 'cf2:job', 'Student'
hbase:006:0> put 'test', 'row2', 'cf1:name', 'Jerry'
hbase:007:0> put 'test', 'row2', 'cf1:age', '9'
hbase:008:0> put 'test', 'row2', 'cf2:job', 'Engineer'
hbase:009:0> put 'test', 'row3', 'cf1:name', 'Jerry'
hbase:010:0> put 'test', 'row3', 'cf1:age', '10'
hbase:011:0> put 'test', 'row3', 'cf2:job', 'Engineer'
# 给 row2 的 cf1 列族的 age 添加第二版本数据
hbase:012:0> put 'test', 'row2', 'cf1:age', '10'
# 查看 row2 的 cf1 列族的 age 数据
hbase:013:0> get 'test', 'row2', 'cf1:age'
COLUMN CELL
cf1:age timestamp=2023-04-01T21:44:02.976, value=10
1 row(s)
Took 0.0098 seconds
# 查看 row2 的 cf1 列族的 age 数据最新 2 个版本
hbase:014:0> get 'test', 'row2', {COLUMNS=>'cf1:age',VERSIONS=>2}
COLUMN CELL
cf1:age timestamp=2023-04-01T20:28:48.823, value=10
cf1:age timestamp=2023-04-01T20:25:45.637, value=9
1 row(s)
Took 0.0130 seconds
# 退出 Shell
hbase:015:0> exit # 或 quit
5. 查询数据
$ cd ~/apps
$ ./hbase-2.4.4/bin/hbase shell
1) GET 操作
# 查询表中有多少行
hbase:001:0> count 'test'
3 row(s)
Took 0.3769 seconds
=> 3
# 获取 row1 的全部数据
hbase:002:0> get 'test', 'row1'
COLUMN CELL
cf1:age timestamp=1970-01-01T08:00:00.001, value=12
cf1:name timestamp=2023-04-01T20:54:44.931, value=Tom
cf2:job timestamp=2023-04-01T21:22:52.426, value=Student
1 row(s)
Took 0.0190 seconds
# 获取 row1 的 cf1 列族的全部数据
hbase:003:0> get 'test', 'row1', 'cf1'
COLUMN CELL
cf1:age timestamp=1970-01-01T08:00:00.001, value=12
cf1:name timestamp=2023-04-01T20:54:44.931, value=Tom
1 row(s)
Took 0.0105 seconds
# 获取 row1 的 name 数据
hbase:004:0> get 'test', 'row1', 'cf1:name'
COLUMN CELL
cf1:name timestamp=2023-04-01T20:54:44.931, value=Tom
1 row(s)
Took 0.0671 seconds
注：也可以使用命令 get 'test', 'row1', {COLUMN=>'cf1:name'}
# 获取 row1 的 name、job 数据 (多列)
hbase:005:0> get 'test', 'row1', {COLUMNS=>['cf1:name','cf2:job']}
COLUMN CELL
cf1:name timestamp=2023-04-01T20:54:44.931, value=Tom
cf2:job timestamp=2023-04-01T21:22:52.426, value=Student
1 row(s)
Took 0.0365 seconds
# 获取 row1 的值等于 12 的列
hbase:006:0> get 'test', 'row1', FILTER=>"ValueFilter(=,'binary:12')"
COLUMN CELL
cf1:age timestamp=1970-01-01T08:00:00.001, value=12
1 row(s)
Took 0.0932 seconds
2) SCAN 操作
# 扫描整个表
hbase:007:0> scan 'test'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
row1 column=cf1:age, timestamp=1970-01-01T08:00:00.001, value=12
row1 column=cf1:name, timestamp=2023-04-01T20:54:44.931, value=Tom
row1 column=cf2:job, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:22:52.426, value=Student
row2 column=cf1:age, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:23:06.869, value=9
row2 column=cf1:name, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:22:59.690, value=Jerry
row2 column=cf2:job, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:23:15.220, value=Engineer
row3 column=cf1:age, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:23:35.183, value=10
row3 column=cf1:name, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:23:22.431, value=Jerry
row3 column=cf2:job, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:23:41.953, value=Engineer
3 row(s)
Took 0.0277 seconds
# 扫描 cf1 列簇
hbase:008:0> scan 'test', {COLUMN=>'cf1'}
ROW COLUMN+CELL
row1 column=cf1:age, timestamp=1970-01-01T08:00:00.001, value=12
row1 column=cf1:name, timestamp=2023-04-01T20:54:44.931, value=Tom
row2 column=cf1:age, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:23:06.869, value=9
row2 column=cf1:name, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:22:59.690, value=Jerry
row3 column=cf1:age, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:23:35.183, value=10
row3 column=cf1:name, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:23:22.431, value=Jerry
3 row(s)
Took 0.0115 seconds
# 扫描 cf1 和 cf2 列簇
hbase:009:0> scan 'test', {COLUMNS=>['cf1','cf2']}
ROW COLUMN+CELL
row1 column=cf1:age, timestamp=1970-01-01T08:00:00.001, value=12
row1 column=cf1:name, timestamp=2023-04-01T20:54:44.931, value=Tom
row1 column=cf2:job, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:22:52.426, value=Student
row2 column=cf1:age, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:23:06.869, value=9
row2 column=cf1:name, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:22:59.690, value=Jerry
row2 column=cf2:job, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:23:15.220, value=Engineer
row3 column=cf1:age, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:23:35.183, value=10
row3 column=cf1:name, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:23:22.431, value=Jerry
row3 column=cf2:job, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:23:41.953, value=Engineer
3 row(s)
Took 0.0275 seconds
# 扫描 cf1 列簇的 age，显示最后两个版本
hbase:010:0> scan 'test', {COLUMN=>'cf1:age',VERSIONS=>2}
ROW COLUMN+CELL
row1 column=cf1:age, timestamp=1970-01-01T08:00:00.001, value=12
row2 column=cf1:age, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:44:02.976, value=10
row2 column=cf1:age, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:40:07.682, value=9
row3 column=cf1:age, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:23:35.183, value=10
3 row(s)
Took 0.0211 seconds
# 扫描值等于 12 的列
hbase:011:0> scan 'test', {FILTER=>"ValueFilter(=,'binary:12')"}
ROW COLUMN+CELL
row1 column=cf1:age, timestamp=1970-01-01T08:00:00.001, value=12
1 row(s)
Took 0.0365 seconds
# 扫描包含 'Tom' 的列
hbase:012:0> scan 'test', {FILTER=>"ValueFilter(=,'substring:Tom')"}
ROW COLUMN+CELL
row1 column=cf1:name, timestamp=2023-04-01T20:54:44.931, value=Tom
1 row(s)
Took 0.0092 seconds
# 扫描整个表，限定返回行数
hbase:013:0> scan 'test', {LIMIT=>2}
ROW COLUMN+CELL
row1 column=cf1:age, timestamp=1970-01-01T08:00:00.001, value=12
row1 column=cf1:name, timestamp=2023-04-01T20:54:44.931, value=Tom
row1 column=cf2:job, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:22:52.426, value=Student
row2 column=cf1:age, timestamp=2023-04-01T22:28:48.823, value=10
row2 column=cf1:name, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:22:59.690, value=Jerry
row2 column=cf2:job, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:23:15.220, value=Engineer
2 row(s)
Took 0.0122 seconds
# 扫描整个表，从指定行（包括该行）开始向后扫描
hbase:014:0> scan 'test', {STARTROW=>'row2'}
ROW COLUMN+CELL
row2 column=cf1:age, timestamp=2023-04-01T22:28:48.823, value=10
row2 column=cf1:name, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:22:59.690, value=Jerry
row2 column=cf2:job, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:23:15.220, value=Engineer
row3 column=cf1:age, timestamp=2023-04-02T12:59:58.985, value=10
row3 column=cf1:name, timestamp=2023-04-02T12:59:51.474, value=Jerry
row3 column=cf2:job, timestamp=2023-04-02T13:00:06.009, value=Engineer
2 row(s)
Took 0.0121 seconds
# 扫描整个表，扫描到指定行（不包括该行）
hbase:015:0> scan 'test', {STOPROW=>'row2'}
ROW COLUMN+CELL
row1 column=cf1:age, timestamp=1970-01-01T08:00:00.001, value=12
row1 column=cf1:name, timestamp=2023-04-01T20:54:44.931, value=Tom
row1 column=cf2:job, timestamp=2023-04-01T21:22:52.426, value=Student
1 row(s)
Took 0.0157 seconds
# 扫描整个表，复合条件
hbase:016:0> scan 'test', {COLUMN=>'cf1:age',STARTROW=>'row2',LIMIT=>1}
ROW COLUMN+CELL
row2 column=cf1:age, timestamp=2023-04-01T22:28:48.823, value=10
1 row(s)
Took 0.0089 seconds
# 退出 Shell
hbase:017:0> exit # 或 quit
6. 删除数据
$ cd ~/apps
$ ./hbase-2.4.4/bin/hbase shell
# 删除 row3 的 cf2 列族的 job 数据
hbase:001:0> delete 'test','row3','cf2:job'
hbase:002:0> get 'test','row3'
COLUMN CELL
cf1:age timestamp=2023-04-01T21:23:35.183, value=10
cf1:name timestamp=2023-04-01T21:23:22.431, value=Jerry
1 row(s)
Took 0.0210 seconds
# 删除 row3 整行数据
hbase:003:0> deleteall 'test','row3'
hbase:004:0> get 'test','row3'
COLUMN CELL
0 row(s)
Took 0.0058 seconds
# 退出 Shell
hbase:031:0> exit # 或 quit
7. Namespace 操作
命名空间，类似于关系型数据库下的 database，每个命名空间下有多个表。
$ cd ~/apps
$ ./hbase-2.4.4/bin/hbase shell
# 创建 Namespace
hbase:001:0> create_namespace 'springboot'
# 查看 Namespace
hbase:002:0> describe_namespace 'springboot'
DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'springboot'}
Quota is disabled
Took 0.0186 seconds
# 查看所有 Namespace
hbase:003:0> list_namespace
NAMESPACE
default
hbase
springboot
3 row(s)
Took 0.0151 seconds
# 在 springboot 下创建表 tbl_01
hbase:005:0>create 'springboot:tbl_01', 'column_family1'
Created table springboot:tbl_01
Took 1.2189 seconds
=> Hbase::Table - springboot:tbl_01
# 列出 springboot 下的所有 Table
hbase:006:0> list_namespace_tables 'springboot'
TABLE
tbl_01
1 row(s)
Took 0.0197 seconds
=> ["tbl_01"]
# 删除 Namespace
hbase:007:0> drop_namespace 'springboot'
ERROR: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.constraint.ConstraintException: Only empty namespaces can be removed. Namespace springboot has 1 tables
...
注：命名空间 springboot 下有一个表 tbl_01，不能删除非空的命名空间。
