django-图片验证码

1.django 缓存设置#

---

django的六种缓存(mysql+redis):https://www.cnblogs.com/tjw-bk/p/13775435.html

1.1 安装Django缓存模块#

pip install django-redis==4.12.1

1.2 syl/settings.py 中配置缓存#

# 缓存配置
CACHES = {
    # django存缓默认位置,redis 0号库
    # default: 连接名称
    "default": {
        "BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",
        "LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379/0",
        "OPTIONS": {
            "CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient",
        }
    },
    # django session存 reidis 1 号库（现在基本不需要使用）

    "session": {
        "BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",
        "LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1",
        "OPTIONS": {
            "CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient",
        }
    },
    # 图形验证码，存redis 2号库
    "img_code": {
        "BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",
        "LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379/2",
        "OPTIONS": {
            "CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient",
        }
    }
}

# 配置session使用redis存储
SESSION_ENGINE = "django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache"
# 配置session存储的位置: 使用cache中的 session配置
SESSION_CACHE_ALIAS = "session"

2.新建应用verifications#

---

• 图形验证码
• 短信验证码
• 邮件验证

2.1 在apps文件夹下新建应用： verifications#

python ../manage.py startapp verifications 
# 切换到apps文件夹下执行创建命令

2.2 在syl/settings.py中添加应用#

INSTALLED_APPS = [
     'verifications.apps.VerificationsConfig', 
]

2.3 在syl/urls.py主路由中添加#

path('verify/', include('verifications.urls')),

2.4 添加子路由： verifications/urls.py#

from django.urls import path 
from . import views 
urlpatterns = [ 
     path('image_codes/', views.ImageCodeView.as_view()),
]

3.图形验证码captcha使用#

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• 1.下载captcha压缩包captcha.zip，放到项目packages文件夹下
• 2.解压captcha.zip放到syl/libs文件夹下
• 3.解压文件中的syl/libs/captcha/captcha.py 右键运行即可生成图片验证码
• 解压命令：unzip xxx.zip

4.在verifications/views.py中使用#

---

图片验证码的原理图：#

from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseForbidden
from django.views import View
from django_redis import get_redis_connection
from libs.captcha.captcha import captcha


class ImageCodeView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        # 1.接收数据
        uuid = request.GET.get('uuid')

        # 2.校验数据
        if not uuid:
            return HttpResponseForbidden('uuid无效')

        # 3.处理业务
        # 获取图片文本内容和图片二进制代码
        text, image = captcha.generate_captcha()

        # 4.把uuid和图片文本存入redis
        redis_client = get_redis_connection('img_code')  # 获取redis客户端

        # 5.写入redis(是字符串)
        redis_client.setex(uuid, 60 * 5, text)

        # 6.返回响应图片
        return HttpResponse(image, content_type='image/jpg')

5.测试验证码接口#

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http://192.168.56.100:8888/verify/image_codes/?uuid=66ea64aa-fbe6-11ea-a3d3- 005056c00008

cmd查看图片验证码：

127.0.0.1:6379># select 2     #因为图片验证码放在redis第2个库里面
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[2]># keys *   
1) "66ea64aa-fbe6-11ea-a3d3-005056c00008" 
127.0.0.1:6379[2]># get 66ea64aa-fbe6-11ea-a3d3-005056c00008 "JEZ6"