form组件之modelForm
modelForm的使用及参数设置
从modelForm这个名字就能看出来,这个form是和模型类model有知己诶关联的,还是以数和出版社的模型来说明:
models.py(模型)
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
pub_date = models.DateField()
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)
state=models.IntegerField(choices=((1,'已出版'),(2,'未出版')),default=1) #在数据库存储是以数字存储的,怎么取值?book是类的对象--book.get_state_display
publish = models.ForeignKey(to="Publish", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
authors = models.ManyToManyField("Author", db_table="book2authors") # 创建关系表
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class Publish(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
city = models.CharField(max_length=32)
email = models.CharField(max_length=32)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
age = models.IntegerField()
gender=models.IntegerField(choices=((1,'男'),(2,'女'),),default=1)#在数据库存储是以数字存储的,怎么取值?book是类的对象--book.get_gender_display
urls.py(路径分发)
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('books/', views.books, name='books'),
path('addbooks/', views.addbooks, name='addbooks'),
re_path('delbooks/(\d+)', views.delbooks),
re_path('editbooks/(\d+)', views.editbooks)
]
view.py(视图函数)
#创建Modelforms类并指向模型Book,为了渲染数据和校验使用
class BookModelForm(forms.ModelForm): #看清楚继承的类不再是forms.Form而是forms.Modelform
class Meta:
model = models.Book #指定为哪个模型创建的
# fields=['title','price'] #指定模型的字段
# exclude=['title'] #排除互某个字段
fields = '__all__' #指定所有的字段
widgets={ #参数设置,指定字段设置
"title":wid.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}),
"price":wid.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
}
error_messages={ #错误信息设置,要看清楚对齐的方式
"title":{"required":"该字段不能为空"}
}
labels={ #对field的label进行设置
"title":"书籍名称"
}
#查看书籍
def books(request): booklist = models.Book.objects.all() return render(request, 'books.html', {'booklist': booklist})
#添加书籍
def addbooks(request):
# 通过form/ModelForm以及校验标签渲染字段以及输入框
if request.method == 'POST':
form = BookModelForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return redirect('/books/')
else:
return render(request, 'addbooks.html', {'form': form})
else:
# form=BookForm() #form组件形式,根据字段选择不同的字段类型
form = BookModelForm()
return render(request, 'addbooks.html', {'form': form})
#编辑书籍
def editbooks(request, editbook_id):
editbook=models.Book.objects.filter(pk=editbook_id).first()
if request.method == 'POST':
form=BookModelForm(request.POST,instance=editbook) #对象要带,要不然直接保存,就跟添加是一模一样的,不变成了添加,而不是是修改修改源对象
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return redirect('/books/')
else:
return render(request,'editbooks.html',{'form':form})
else:
form=BookModelForm(instance=editbook)
return render(request,'editbooks.html',{'form':form})
关于html:
#form.html 添加和编辑共用功能区共用这一部分,所以提取出来 <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4 col-md-offset-4"> <form action="" method="post" novalidate> {% csrf_token %} {% for field in form %} <div class="form-group"> <label for="title">{{ field.label }}</label> {{ field }} <span>{{ field.errors.0 }}</span> </div> {% endfor %} <input type="submit" value="提交" class="btn btn-default pull-right"> </form> </div> </div> </div>
#add_books.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>添加书籍</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<h3>添加书籍</h3>
{% include 'form.html' %}
</body>
</html>
#edit_book
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>编辑书籍</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<h3>编辑书籍</h3>
{% include 'form.html' %}
</body>
</html>
