ThreadLocal

首先,ThreadLocal 不是用来解决共享对象的多线程访问问题的,一般情况下,通过ThreadLocal.set() 到线程中的对象是该线程自己使用的对象,其他线程是不需要访问的,也访问不到的。各个线程中访问的是不同的对象。

 

另外,说ThreadLocal使得各线程能够保持各自独立的一个对象,并不是通过ThreadLocal.set()来实现的,而是通过每个线程中的new 对象 的操作来创建的对象,每个线程创建一个,不是什么对象的拷贝或副本。通过ThreadLocal.set()将这个新创建的对象的引用保存到各线程的自己的一个map中,每个线程都有这样一个map,执行ThreadLocal.get()时,各线程从自己的map中取出放进去的对象,因此取出来的是各自自己线程中的对象,ThreadLocal实例是作为map的key来使用的。

如果ThreadLocal.set()进去的东西本来就是多个线程共享的同一个对象,那么多个线程的ThreadLocal.get()取得的还是这个共享对象本身,还是有并发访问问题。

 

线程局部变量

在多线程环境下,之所以会有并发问题,就是因为不同的线程会同时访问同一个共享变量,例如下面的形式

 

public class MultiThreadDemo {

    public static class Number {
        private int value = 0;

        public void increase() throws InterruptedException {
            value = 10;
            Thread.sleep(10);
            System.out.println("increase value: " + value);
        }

        public void decrease() throws InterruptedException {
            value = -10;
            Thread.sleep(10);
            System.out.println("decrease value: " + value);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        final Number number = new Number();
        Thread increaseThread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    number.increase();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });

        Thread decreaseThread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    number.decrease();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });

        increaseThread.start();
        decreaseThread.start();
    }
}

在上面的代码中,increase 线程和 decrease 线程会操作同一个 number 中 value,那么输出的结果是不可预测的,因为当前线程修改变量之后但是还没输出的时候,变量有可能被另外一个线程修改,下面是一种可能的情况:

 

increase value: 10
decrease value: 10

这种情况显然是我们不想要的

而ThreadLocal 就解决了这个问题

 

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;

public class ThreadLocalTest {

    private static ThreadLocal<Integer> ThreadLocalInteger = new ThreadLocal<Integer>();
    private static ThreadLocal<MyThreadScopeData> myThreadScopeData = new ThreadLocal<MyThreadScopeData>();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    int data = new Random().nextInt();
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                            + " has put data :" + data);
                    ThreadLocalInteger.set(data);
/*                    MyThreadScopeData myData = new MyThreadScopeData();
                    myData.setName("name" + data);
                    myData.setAge(data);
                    myThreadScopeData.set(myData);*/
                    MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance().setName("name" + data);
                    MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance().setAge(data);
                    new A().get();
                    new B().get();
                }
            }).start();
        }
    }

    static class A {
        public void get() {
            int data = ThreadLocalInteger.get();
            System.out.println("A from " + Thread.currentThread().getName()
                    + " get data :" + data);
/*            MyThreadScopeData myData = myThreadScopeData.get();;
            System.out.println("A from " + Thread.currentThread().getName() 
                    + " getMyData: " + myData.getName() + "," +
                    myData.getAge());*/
            MyThreadScopeData myData = MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance();
            System.out.println("A from " + Thread.currentThread().getName()
                    + " getMyData: " + myData.getName() + "," +
                    myData.getAge());
        }
    }

    static class B {
        public void get() {
            int data = ThreadLocalInteger.get();
            System.out.println("B from " + Thread.currentThread().getName()
                    + " get data :" + data);
            MyThreadScopeData myData = MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance();
            System.out.println("B from " + Thread.currentThread().getName()
                    + " getMyData: " + myData.getName() + "," +
                    myData.getAge());
        }
    }
}

class MyThreadScopeData {
    private MyThreadScopeData() {
    }

    public static /*synchronized*/ MyThreadScopeData getThreadInstance() {
        MyThreadScopeData instance = map.get();
        if (instance == null) {
            instance = new MyThreadScopeData();
            map.set(instance);
        }
        return instance;
    }

    //private static MyThreadScopeData instance = null;//new MyThreadScopeData();
    private static ThreadLocal<MyThreadScopeData> map = new ThreadLocal<MyThreadScopeData>();

    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

 

参考文章

https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangjk1993/archive/2017/03/29/6641745.html

posted @ 2018-03-08 10:10  天涯过者  阅读(142)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报