ThreadLocal
首先,ThreadLocal 不是用来解决共享对象的多线程访问问题的,一般情况下,通过ThreadLocal.set() 到线程中的对象是该线程自己使用的对象,其他线程是不需要访问的,也访问不到的。各个线程中访问的是不同的对象。
另外,说ThreadLocal使得各线程能够保持各自独立的一个对象,并不是通过ThreadLocal.set()来实现的,而是通过每个线程中的new 对象 的操作来创建的对象,每个线程创建一个,不是什么对象的拷贝或副本。通过ThreadLocal.set()将这个新创建的对象的引用保存到各线程的自己的一个map中,每个线程都有这样一个map,执行ThreadLocal.get()时,各线程从自己的map中取出放进去的对象,因此取出来的是各自自己线程中的对象,ThreadLocal实例是作为map的key来使用的。
如果ThreadLocal.set()进去的东西本来就是多个线程共享的同一个对象,那么多个线程的ThreadLocal.get()取得的还是这个共享对象本身,还是有并发访问问题。
线程局部变量
在多线程环境下,之所以会有并发问题,就是因为不同的线程会同时访问同一个共享变量,例如下面的形式
public class MultiThreadDemo { public static class Number { private int value = 0; public void increase() throws InterruptedException { value = 10; Thread.sleep(10); System.out.println("increase value: " + value); } public void decrease() throws InterruptedException { value = -10; Thread.sleep(10); System.out.println("decrease value: " + value); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { final Number number = new Number(); Thread increaseThread = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { number.increase(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); Thread decreaseThread = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { number.decrease(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); increaseThread.start(); decreaseThread.start(); } }
在上面的代码中,increase 线程和 decrease 线程会操作同一个 number 中 value,那么输出的结果是不可预测的,因为当前线程修改变量之后但是还没输出的时候,变量有可能被另外一个线程修改,下面是一种可能的情况:
increase value: 10
decrease value: 10
这种情况显然是我们不想要的
而ThreadLocal 就解决了这个问题
import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Random; public class ThreadLocalTest { private static ThreadLocal<Integer> ThreadLocalInteger = new ThreadLocal<Integer>(); private static ThreadLocal<MyThreadScopeData> myThreadScopeData = new ThreadLocal<MyThreadScopeData>(); public static void main(String[] args) { for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) { new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { int data = new Random().nextInt(); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " has put data :" + data); ThreadLocalInteger.set(data); /* MyThreadScopeData myData = new MyThreadScopeData(); myData.setName("name" + data); myData.setAge(data); myThreadScopeData.set(myData);*/ MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance().setName("name" + data); MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance().setAge(data); new A().get(); new B().get(); } }).start(); } } static class A { public void get() { int data = ThreadLocalInteger.get(); System.out.println("A from " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " get data :" + data); /* MyThreadScopeData myData = myThreadScopeData.get();; System.out.println("A from " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " getMyData: " + myData.getName() + "," + myData.getAge());*/ MyThreadScopeData myData = MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance(); System.out.println("A from " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " getMyData: " + myData.getName() + "," + myData.getAge()); } } static class B { public void get() { int data = ThreadLocalInteger.get(); System.out.println("B from " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " get data :" + data); MyThreadScopeData myData = MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance(); System.out.println("B from " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " getMyData: " + myData.getName() + "," + myData.getAge()); } } } class MyThreadScopeData { private MyThreadScopeData() { } public static /*synchronized*/ MyThreadScopeData getThreadInstance() { MyThreadScopeData instance = map.get(); if (instance == null) { instance = new MyThreadScopeData(); map.set(instance); } return instance; } //private static MyThreadScopeData instance = null;//new MyThreadScopeData(); private static ThreadLocal<MyThreadScopeData> map = new ThreadLocal<MyThreadScopeData>(); private String name; private int age; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } }
参考文章
https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangjk1993/archive/2017/03/29/6641745.html
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