ftp操作

Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0新增加了3个类使我们很方便的对文件传输协议(FTP)服务器进行操作
FtpWebRequest类：实现文件传输协议(FTP)客户端
public sealed class FtpWebRequest : WebRequest

FtpWebResponse类:封装文件传输协议(FTP)服务器对请求的响应
public class FtpWebResponse : WebResponse, IDisposable

WebRequestMethods.Ftp类:表示可与FTP请求一起使用的FTP协议方法的类型,无法继承此类
public static class Ftp

类关系图

操作ftp的一般步骤我总结如下：
第一步：WebRequest.Create方法，获得FtpWebRequest的实例
第二步：利用WebRequestMethods.Ftp设置FtpWebRequest的Method属性,指定使用的FTP协议方法的类型
第三步：设置FtpWebRequest的Credentials属性,指定用户名和密码
第四步：发出请求
第五步：接收响应数据流(有些ftp操作可能没这一步,例如给文件夹改名)
第六步：关闭流

下面从几段代码来分别展示ftp的不同操作：
1.文件夹和文件信息
关键知识说明：
a.FtpWebRequest类没有公开的构造函数,我们通过WebRequest.Create方法，获得FtpWebRequest的实例
b.通过WebRequestMethods.Ftp.ListDirectoryDetails（详细列表）或者WebRequestMethods.Ftp.ListDirectory（简短列表）获取FTP服务器上的文件列表
c.请求返回的数据在GetResponseStream方法返回的流中
d.字符编码请用System.Text.Encoding.Default,要不中文名会乱码
e.FtpWebRequest.Credentials属性设置登陆用户名和密码
f.FtpWebRequest.UseBinary属性,true,指示服务器要传输的是二进制数据.false,指示数据为文本。默认值为true
g.FtpWebRequest.EnableSsl属性,如果控制和数据传输是加密的,则为true.否则为false.默认值为 false

实例代码：
获取ftp://218.16.229.120上的文件信息
Uri uri = new Uri ( "ftp://218.16.229.120" );

FtpWebRequest listRequest = ( FtpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create ( uri );

listRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.ListDirectoryDetails;
//listRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.ListDirectory;

string ftpUser = "";
string ftpPassWord = "";
listRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

FtpWebResponse listResponse = ( FtpWebResponse ) listRequest.GetResponse ( );
Stream responseStream = listResponse.GetResponseStream ( );
StreamReader readStream = new StreamReader ( responseStream , System.Text.Encoding.Default );

if ( readStream != null )
{
    MessageBox.Show ( readStream.ReadToEnd ( )  );
}

MessageBox.Show ( string.Format ( "状态: {0},{1}" ,listResponse.StatusCode,  listResponse.StatusDescription ) );

listResponse.Close ( );
responseStream.Close ( );
readStream.Close ( );

通过WebRequestMethods.Ftp.ListDirectoryDetails（详细列表）或者WebRequestMethods.Ftp.ListDirectory（简短列表）返回的结果是不一样的.请看图

利用WebRequestMethods.Ftp.ListDirectoryDetails，readStream.ReadToEnd ( )返回的字符串比较复杂（不同类型的Ftp会有不同返回形式的返回结果）,要把里面的文件夹和文件区分别列出来比较繁琐,代码比较多．
大概的调用方法如下：
string dataString = readStream.ReadToEnd ( );
DirectoryListParser parser = new DirectoryListParser ( dataString );
FileStruct [ ] fs = parser.FullListing;
返回的FileStruct有一个属性IsDirectory，可以区分文件夹和文件

DirectoryListParser类代码如下：

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace WindowsApplicationFTP
{
    public struct FileStruct
    {
        public string Flags;
        public string Owner;
        public bool IsDirectory;
        public string CreateTime;
        public string Name;
    }

    public enum FileListStyle
    {
        UnixStyle,
        WindowsStyle,
        Unknown
    }

    public class DirectoryListParser
    {
        private List<FileStruct> _myListArray;

        public FileStruct[] FullListing
        {
            get
            {
                return _myListArray.ToArray();                
            }
        }

        public FileStruct[] FileList
        {            
            get
            {
                List<FileStruct> _fileList = new List<FileStruct>();
                foreach(FileStruct thisstruct in _myListArray)
                {
                    if(!thisstruct.IsDirectory)
                    {
                        _fileList.Add(thisstruct);                        
                    }
                }
                return _fileList.ToArray();
            }
        }

        public FileStruct[] DirectoryList
        {
            get
            {
                List<FileStruct> _dirList = new List<FileStruct>();
                foreach(FileStruct thisstruct in _myListArray)
                {
                    if(thisstruct.IsDirectory)
                    {
                        _dirList.Add(thisstruct);                        
                    }
                }
                return _dirList.ToArray();
            }
        }

        public DirectoryListParser(string responseString)
        {
            _myListArray = GetList(responseString);            
        }
        
        private List<FileStruct> GetList(string datastring)
        {
            List<FileStruct> myListArray = new List<FileStruct>(); 
            string[] dataRecords = datastring.Split('\n');
            FileListStyle _directoryListStyle = GuessFileListStyle(dataRecords);
            foreach (string s in dataRecords)
            {
                if (_directoryListStyle != FileListStyle.Unknown && s != "")
                {
                    FileStruct f = new FileStruct();
                    f.Name = "..";
                    switch (_directoryListStyle)
                    {
                        case FileListStyle.UnixStyle:                            
                            f = ParseFileStructFromUnixStyleRecord(s);
                            break;
                        case FileListStyle.WindowsStyle:
                            f = ParseFileStructFromWindowsStyleRecord(s);
                            break;
                    }
                    if (f.Name != "" && f.Name != "." && f.Name != "..")
                    {
                        myListArray.Add(f);     
                    }
                }
            }
            return myListArray;
        }
        
        private FileStruct ParseFileStructFromWindowsStyleRecord(string Record)
        {
            ///Assuming the record style as 
            /// 02-03-04  07:46PM       <DIR>          Append
            FileStruct f = new FileStruct();
            string processstr = Record.Trim();
            string dateStr = processstr.Substring(0,8);      
            processstr = (processstr.Substring(8, processstr.Length - 8)).Trim();
            string timeStr = processstr.Substring(0, 7);
            processstr = (processstr.Substring(7, processstr.Length - 7)).Trim();
            f.CreateTime = dateStr + " " + timeStr;
            if (processstr.Substring(0,5) == "<DIR>")
            {
                f.IsDirectory = true;    
                processstr = (processstr.Substring(5, processstr.Length - 5)).Trim();
            }
            else
            {
                string[] strs = processstr.Split(new char[] { ' ' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
                processstr = strs[1];
                f.IsDirectory = false;
            }
            f.Name = processstr;  //Rest is name   
            return f;
        }
        
        public FileListStyle GuessFileListStyle(string[] recordList)
        {
            foreach (string s in recordList)
            {
                if(s.Length > 10 
                    && Regex.IsMatch(s.Substring(0,10),"(-|d)((-|r)(-|w)(-|x)){3}"))
                {
                    return FileListStyle.UnixStyle;
                }    
                else if (s.Length > 8 
                    && Regex.IsMatch(s.Substring(0, 8),  "[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}"))
                {
                    return FileListStyle.WindowsStyle;
                }
            }
            return FileListStyle.Unknown;
        }
        
        private FileStruct ParseFileStructFromUnixStyleRecord(string record)
        {
            ///Assuming record style as
            /// dr-xr-xr-x   1 owner    group               0 Nov 25  2002 bussys
            FileStruct f = new FileStruct();
            if (record[0] == '-' || record[0] == 'd')
            {// its a valid file record
                string processstr = record.Trim();
                f.Flags = processstr.Substring(0, 9);
                f.IsDirectory = (f.Flags[0] == 'd');
                processstr = (processstr.Substring(11)).Trim();
                _cutSubstringFromStringWithTrim(ref processstr, ' ', 0);   //skip one part
                f.Owner = _cutSubstringFromStringWithTrim(ref processstr, ' ', 0);
                f.CreateTime = getCreateTimeString(record);
                int fileNameIndex = record.IndexOf(f.CreateTime)+f.CreateTime.Length;
                f.Name = record.Substring(fileNameIndex).Trim();   //Rest of the part is name                
            }
            else
            {
                f.Name = "";
            }
            return f;
        }

        private string getCreateTimeString(string record)
        {
            //Does just basic datetime string validation for demo, not an accurate check
            //on date and time fields
            string month = "(jan|feb|mar|apr|may|jun|jul|aug|sep|oct|nov|dec)";
            string space = @"(\040)+";
            string day = "([0-9]|[1-3][0-9])";
            string year = "[1-2][0-9]{3}";
            string time = "[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{2}";            
            Regex dateTimeRegex = new Regex(month+space+day+space+"("+year+"|"+time+")", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
            Match match = dateTimeRegex.Match(record);
            return match.Value;
        }    
    
        private string _cutSubstringFromStringWithTrim(ref string s, char c, int startIndex)
        {
            int pos1 = s.IndexOf(c, startIndex);
            string retString = s.Substring(0,pos1);
            s = (s.Substring(pos1)).Trim();
            return retString;
       }

    }
}

2.取ftp登陆身份验证完成后的欢迎信息
关键知识说明：
a.FtpWebResponse.WelcomeMessage属性获取身份验证完成时FTP服务器发送的消息

实例代码：
获取ftp://218.16.229.120登陆身份验证完成后的欢迎信息
Uri uri = new Uri ( "ftp://218.16.229.120" );

FtpWebRequest listRequest = ( FtpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create ( uri );

listRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.ListDirectoryDetails;

string ftpUser = "";
string ftpPassWord = "";
listRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

FtpWebResponse listResponse = ( FtpWebResponse ) listRequest.GetResponse ( );

MessageBox.Show ( listResponse.WelcomeMessage );

附加说明：要是FTP服务器的欢迎信息带有中文,运行这段代码时可能会发生异常（基础连接已经关闭: 服务器提交了协议）.
解决办法：打补丁Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 Service Pack 1

3.重命名目录
关键知识说明：
a.WebRequestMethods.Ftp.Rename表示重命名目录的FTP协议方法
b.FtpWebRequest.RenameTo属性重命名的新名称

实例代码：
把ftp://218.16.229.120/上的a目录重命名为av
Uri uri = new Uri ( "ftp://218.16.229.120/a" );

FtpWebRequest listRequest = ( FtpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create ( uri );

listRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.Rename;

string ftpUser = "";
string ftpPassWord = "";
listRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

listRequest.RenameTo = "av";

FtpWebResponse listResponse = ( FtpWebResponse ) listRequest.GetResponse ( );

MessageBox.Show ( listResponse.StatusDescription );

4.删除目录
关键知识说明：
a.WebRequestMethods.Ftp.RemoveDirectory表示移除目录的FTP协议方法

实例代码：
删除ftp://218.16.229.120上的av文件夹
Uri uri = new Uri ( "ftp://218.16.229.120/av" );

FtpWebRequest listRequest = ( FtpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create ( uri );

listRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.RemoveDirectory;

string ftpUser = "";
string ftpPassWord = "";
listRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

FtpWebResponse listResponse = ( FtpWebResponse ) listRequest.GetResponse ( );    

MessageBox.Show ( listResponse.StatusDescription );

5.新建目录
关键知识说明：
a.WebRequestMethods.Ftp.MakeDirectory表示在FTP服务器上创建目录的协议方法

实例代码：
在ftp://218.16.229.120上建立目录vb
Uri uri = new Uri ( "ftp://218.16.229.120/vb" );

FtpWebRequest listRequest = ( FtpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create ( uri );

listRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.MakeDirectory;

string ftpUser = "";
string ftpPassWord = "";
listRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

FtpWebResponse listResponse = ( FtpWebResponse ) listRequest.GetResponse ( );

MessageBox.Show ( listResponse.StatusDescription );

6.得文件大小
关键知识说明：
a.WebRequestMethods.Ftp.GetFileSize表示要用于检索FTP服务器上的文件大小
b.流数据的长度可以从FtpWebResponse.ContentLength属性中获取。

实例代码：
获取ftp://218.16.229.120上的会议记录.doc文件大小
Uri uri = new Uri ( "ftp://218.16.229.120/会议记录.doc" );

FtpWebRequest listRequest = ( FtpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create ( uri );

listRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.GetFileSize;

string ftpUser = "";
string ftpPassWord = "";
listRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

FtpWebResponse listResponse = ( FtpWebResponse ) listRequest.GetResponse ( );

MessageBox.Show ( string.Format ( "文件大小: {0}" , listResponse.ContentLength ) );

7.删除文件
关键知识说明：
a.WebRequestMethods.Ftp.DeleteFile表示要用于删除FTP服务器上的文件

实例代码：
删除ftp://218.16.229.120上的工作安排.txt文件
Uri uri = new Uri ( "ftp://218.16.229.120/工作安排.txt" );

FtpWebRequest listRequest = ( FtpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create ( uri );

listRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.DeleteFile;

string ftpUser = "";
string ftpPassWord = "";
listRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

FtpWebResponse listResponse = ( FtpWebResponse ) listRequest.GetResponse ( );

MessageBox.Show ( string.Format ( "Delete status: {0}" , listResponse.StatusDescription ) );

8.上传文件
关键知识说明：
a.WebRequestMethods.Ftp.UploadFile表示将文件上载到FTP服务器
b.使用FtpWebRequest对象向服务器上载文件，则必须将文件内容写入请求流，请求流是通过调用FtpWebRequest.GetRequestStream方法.如果未将属性设置为UploadFile,则不能获取流。
c.异步对应方法（FtpWebRequest.BeginGetRequestStream方法和FtpWebRequest.EndGetRequestStream 方法）,关于异步上传的实现我会再写在下篇总汇中

实例代码：
上载文件D:\abc.txt到ftp://218.16.229.120上
Stream requestStream = null;
FileStream fileStream = null;
FtpWebResponse uploadResponse = null;

try
{
    Uri uri = new Uri ( "ftp://218.16.229.120/abc.txt" );

    FtpWebRequest uploadRequest = ( FtpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create ( uri );
    uploadRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.UploadFile;

    string ftpUser = "";
    string ftpPassWord = "";
    uploadRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

    requestStream = uploadRequest.GetRequestStream ( );
    fileStream = File.Open ( @"D:\abc.txt" , FileMode.Open );

    byte [ ] buffer = new byte [ 1024 ];
    int bytesRead;
    while ( true )
    {
        bytesRead = fileStream.Read ( buffer , 0 , buffer.Length );
        if ( bytesRead == 0 )
            break;
        requestStream.Write ( buffer , 0 , bytesRead );
    }

    requestStream.Close ( );

    uploadResponse = ( FtpWebResponse ) uploadRequest.GetResponse ( );

    MessageBox.Show ( "Upload complete." );
}
finally
{
    if ( uploadResponse != null )
        uploadResponse.Close ( );
    if ( fileStream != null )
        fileStream.Close ( );
    if ( requestStream != null )
        requestStream.Close ( );
}

其实利用WebClient.UploadData方法,还有一种更简单的上传方法：
WebClient request = new WebClient ( );

string ftpUser = "";
string ftpPassWord = "";
request.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

FileStream myStream = new FileStream ( @"D:\abcd.txt" , FileMode.Open , FileAccess.Read );
byte [ ] dataByte = new byte [ myStream.Length ];
myStream.Read ( dataByte , 0 , dataByte.Length );  //写到2进制数组中
myStream.Close ( );

request.UploadData ( "ftp://218.16.229.120/abcd.txt" , dataByte );

9.下载文件
关键知识说明：
a.WebRequestMethods.Ftp.DownloadFile表示要用于从FTP服务器下载文件
b.从FTP服务器下载文件时，如果命令成功，所请求的文件的内容即在响应对象的流中。通过调用FtpWebResponse.GetResponseStream方法，可以访问此流。

实例代码：
从ftp://218.16.229.120上下载文件保存到d:\abc.txt
Stream responseStream = null;
FileStream fileStream = null;
StreamReader reader = null;

try
{
    string downloadUrl = "ftp://218.16.229.120/abc.txt";

    FtpWebRequest downloadRequest = ( FtpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create ( downloadUrl );
    downloadRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.DownloadFile;

    string ftpUser = "";
    string ftpPassWord = "";
    downloadRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

    FtpWebResponse downloadResponse = ( FtpWebResponse ) downloadRequest.GetResponse ( );
    responseStream = downloadResponse.GetResponseStream ( );

    fileStream = File.Create ( @"d:\" + "abc.txt" );
    byte [ ] buffer = new byte [ 1024 ];
    int bytesRead;
    while ( true )
    {
        bytesRead = responseStream.Read ( buffer , 0 , buffer.Length );
        if ( bytesRead == 0 )
            break;
        fileStream.Write ( buffer , 0 , bytesRead );
    }
   
    MessageBox.Show ( "Download complete" );
}
finally
{
    if ( reader != null )
    {
        reader.Close ( );
    }
    else
    {
        if ( responseStream != null )
        {
            responseStream.Close ( );
        }
        if ( fileStream != null )
        {
            fileStream.Close ( );
        }
    }
}

其实利用WebClient.DownloadData方法,还有一种更简单的下载方法：
Uri uri = new Uri ( "ftp://218.16.229.120/abc.txt" );

WebClient request = new WebClient ( );

string ftpUser = "";
string ftpPassWord = "";
request.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

byte [ ] newFileData = request.DownloadData ( uri.ToString ( ) );

FileStream fs = new FileStream ( @"d:\abc.txt" , FileMode.OpenOrCreate , FileAccess.Write );
fs.Write ( newFileData , 0 , newFileData.Length );
fs.Close ( );

10.2个ftp间传送文件
关键知识说明：
a.在搞懂前面所说下载和上传知识后,其实很好实现2个ftp间传送文件.我们可以把传送文件看成是先下载后上传.把下载的文件响应流数据写到上传文件请求流中即可.

实例代码：
把ftp://218.58.58.19中"集团公司通知"目录中的"080124-成本费用科目调整通知.pdf"文件传送到ftp://218.16.229.120
string downloadUrl = "ftp://218.58.58.19/集团公司通知/080124-成本费用科目调整通知.pdf";
FtpWebRequest downloadRequest = ( FtpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create ( downloadUrl );
downloadRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.DownloadFile;

string ftpUser = "download";
string ftpPassWord = "download";
downloadRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

string uploadUrl = "ftp://218.16.229.120/080124-成本费用科目调整通知.pdf";
FtpWebRequest uploadRequest = ( FtpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create ( uploadUrl );
uploadRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.UploadFile;

string ftpUser1 = "exwangsoft";
string ftpPassWord1 = "exwangsoft";
uploadRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser1 , ftpPassWord1 );

FtpWebResponse downloadResponse = ( FtpWebResponse ) downloadRequest.GetResponse ( );
Stream responseStream = downloadResponse.GetResponseStream ( );

Stream fileStream = uploadRequest.GetRequestStream ( );
byte [ ] buffer = new byte [ 1024 ];
int bytesRead;
while ( true )
{
    //读取ftp://218.58.58.19的响应流数据
    bytesRead = responseStream.Read ( buffer , 0 , buffer.Length );
    if ( bytesRead == 0 )
        break;
    //写到ftp://218.16.229.120的请求流数据中
    fileStream.Write ( buffer , 0 , bytesRead );
}

fileStream.Close ( );
FtpWebResponse uploadResponse = null;
uploadResponse = ( FtpWebResponse ) uploadRequest.GetResponse ( );

MessageBox.Show ( "complete" );