几个替代SPSS的软体
Salstat http://salstat.sourceforge.net/
PSPP http://www.gnu.org/software/pspp/pspp.html
R http://www.r -project.org/
Macanova http://www.stat.umn.edu/macanova/
Linux 下的经济学用软件
准备学习经济学拉。windows上有很多的软件,linux上的话可能都比较隐蔽...
下面就总结一下:
R - project : http://www.r-project.org/, 这样安装:sudo apt-get install r-base
PSPP: http://www.gnu.org/software/pspp/
gretl: http://gretl.sourceforge.net/
Octave: http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/
PSPP:顶替SPSS常用功能的优秀软件
【PSPP渊源】GNU是开发免费自由软件的大型组织,研发的软件都是精品中的精品;PSPP就是GNU开发的一款软件,可以完美取代SPSS在教学与科研中的作用;一旦使用PSPP,无论是教师或学生,都没有了版权侵权的科研顾虑了;PSPP不仅在功能上与SPSS几乎极为相似,连菜单(子菜单与选项)都极为相似;而PSPP的安装包才20MB呢,天啦!GNU所提倡的“自由与创新”精神,正是中国人要努力的指针;如果你对SPSS的臃肿与电脑运行缓慢正感到头痛不已,如果需要出国访学或进修而尽量少用盗版软件,就拥抱PSPP吧!
【双向兼容性】PSPP能读取SPSS的数据文件哟,而PSPP的数据文件也能被SPSS读取哟,所以,叫做“双向的数据兼容性”没问题!同时,PSPP的脚本语法也跟SPSS是完全一样的!
【操作界面】
http://www.gnu.org/software/pspp/images/variable-sheet.png (主界面)
http://www.gnu.org/software/pspp/images/screenshot.png (描述性统计的操作画面)
http://www.gnu.org/software/pspp/images/recode.png (数据编辑器的画面)
【安装警告】一定要安装在C盘,不要往其他盘安装;经测试,如果往其他盘安装就无法运行的;
【网盘下载】
如果你是64位操作系统(Win8或Win7或WinVista的64位版)就应该下载PSPP的64位版……
http://pan.baidu.com/s/1eQDtdOu (64位版PSPP)
如果你不知道自己的操作系统是否是64位版,你可以先安装32位到C盘,如果无法运行再卸载了之后再安装64位版……
http://pan.baidu.com/s/1pJDGEW7(32位版PSPP)
【PSPP的官方网址】
http://www.gnu.org/software/pspp/
【PSPP的在线英语帮助:清晰简明】
http://www.gnu.org/software/pspp/manual/html_node/index.html
【SPSS的惊人体积】
SPSS的15版(164MB)、SPSS的18版(309MB)、SPSS的20版(936MB)、SPSS的21版(980MB)
【PSPP的主要功能与特色】
- Support for over 1 billion cases.
- Support for over 1 billion variables.
- Syntax and data files which are compatible with those of SPSS.
- A choice of terminal or graphical user interface.
- A choice of text, postscript, pdf, opendocument or html output formats.
- Inter-operability with Gnumeric, LibreOffice, OpenOffice.Org and other free software.
- Easy data import from spreadsheets, text files and database sources.
- The capability to open, analyse and edit two or more datasets concurrently. They can also be merged, joined or concatenated.
- A user interface supporting all common character sets and which has been translated to multiple languages.
- Fast statistical procedures, even on very large data sets.
- No license fees.
- No expiration period.
- No unethical “end user license agreements”.
- A fully indexed user manual.
- Freedom ensured; It is licensed under the GPLv3 or later.
- Portability; Runs on many different computers and many different operating systems (GNU or GNU/Linux are the prefered platforms, but we have had many reports that it runs well on other systems too).
PSPP is particularly aimed at statisticians, social scientists and students requiring fast convenient analysis of sampled data.
【功能差距】主菜单Analyze与SPSS相比,SPSS(13.0)就有18项,而PSPP只有9项;缺失的主要功能项目是“一般线性模型、混合模型、时序分析、生存分析、多选分析、缺失值分析”;同时,PSPP的某些现存功能主项目也缩减了好些,例如“回归分析从10项压缩到了2项,聚类分析从5项削减到了1项,Data Reduction也从3项拆减为factor analysis,相关分析也从3项缩减为Bivariate这1项”,由此可见,PSPP的功能总量大约是SPSS的30%;不过,缺失的一般线性模型与时序分析与混合模型主要是经济学使用较多,而“生存分析”主要是医学使用,多选分析与缺失值分析主要是社会学的调查问卷使用较多;总体来说,能让文科师生在初级和中级和某些高级统计上实现代替SPSS的功能。
【适用场合】
[1] 统计学初级中级学习与应用;
[2] 讨厌SPSS的臃肿与繁琐;
[3] 出国访学或硕博论文中体现对(统计)软件版权的尊重;
[4] 统计学课堂上,身为教师,希望每个学生都迅速无障碍地安装上统计软件;
[5] 当前电脑已经运行迟缓,不欢迎SPSS之类的高内存占用的软件;
【导入提醒】
数据导入(“Import Data”)时,请把“数据导入对话框”的底部的“Character Encoding”从“Automatically Detect”改为“Locale GBK”,就能顺利导入txt或csv之类的文件了;[SIZE=4][SIZE=4][SIZE=4][SIZE=4][SIZE=4][SIZE=4][SIZE=4][SIZE=4]由于xls和xlsx文件格式[SIZE=4]都[/SIZE]是微软公司的商业专利技术[/SIZE][/SIZE][/SIZE][/SIZE][/SIZE][/SIZE][/SIZE][/SIZE],当你需要把xls或xlsx文件导入PSPP的时候,请在Excel中另存为“逗号分隔的csv文件”或“制表符分隔的txt文件”这两种格式就能导入PSPP了。
【便携免装】
一旦安装完成,你也可以把C盘的Program Files文件夹的“PSPP”文件夹拷贝到优盘或其他盘,就算卸载了C盘这份PSPP也能双击运行你拷贝出来的“PSPP”中的“bin”文件夹的“psppire.exe”这个文件而运行起来PSPP哟!但是,千万注意,不要把PSPP这个便携免装包放到[B]名称含了[SIZE=4]汉字[/SIZE]的文件夹[/B],因为它对中文还有点识别不良,如果你把它放到名称含有汉字的文件夹,它就会一启动就崩溃的……
【功能差距】主菜单Analyze与SPSS相比,SPSS(13.0)就有18项,而 PSPP只有9项;缺失的主要功能项目是“一般线性模型、混合模型、时序分析、生存分析、多选分析、缺失值分析”;同时,PSPP的某些现存功能主项目也缩减了好些,例如“回归分析从10项压缩到了2项,聚类分析从5项削减到了1项,Data Reduction也从3项拆减为factor analysis,相关分析也从3项缩减为Bivariate这1项”,由此可见,PSPP的功能总量大约是SPSS的30%;不过,缺失的一般线性模型与时序分析与混合模型主要是经济学使用较多,而“生存分析”主要是医学使用,多选分析与缺失值分析主要是社会学的调查问卷使用较多;总体来说,能让文科师生在初级和中级和某些高级统计上实现代替SPSS的功能。
【适用场合】
[1] 统计学初级中级学习与应用;
[2] 讨厌SPSS的臃肿与繁琐;
[3] 出国访学或硕博论文中体现对(统计)软件版权的尊重;
[4] 统计学课堂上,身为教师,希望每个学生都迅速无障碍地安装上统计软件;
[5] 当前电脑已经运行迟缓,不欢迎SPSS之类的高内存占用的软件;
【导入提醒】
数据导入(“Import Data”)时,请把“数据导入对话框”的底部的“Character Encoding”从“Automatically Detect”改为“Locale GBK”,就能顺利导入txt或csv之类的文件了;由于xls和xlsx文件格式都是微软公司的商业专利技术,当你需要把xls或xlsx文件导入PSPP的时候,请在Excel中另存为“逗号分隔的csv文件”或“制表符分隔的txt文件”这两种格式就能导入PSPP了。
【便携免装】
一旦安装完成,你也可以把C盘的Program Files文件夹的“PSPP”文件夹拷贝到优盘或其他盘,就算卸载了C盘这份PSPP也能双击运行你拷贝出来的“PSPP”中的“bin”文件夹的“psppire.exe”这个文件而运行起来PSPP哟!但是,千万注意,不要把PSPP这个便携免装包放到[B]名称含了[SIZE=4]汉字[/SIZE]的文件夹[/B],因为它对中文还有点识别不良,如果你把它放到名称含有汉字的文件夹,它就会一启动就崩溃的……
PSPP有兩個獨立的用戶界面(User Interface)。這個頁面將描述PSPP的命令行(Command-line)驅動的基於文本的用戶界面,以及PSPP的圖形用戶界面——被稱為PSPPIRE。
命令行界面(Command-line Interface)編輯
下面將簡短地介紹PSPP的所有選項,並以類型分組。
無選項參數(Non-option arguments)
syntax-file
輸出選項(Output options)
-o, --output=output-file -O option=value -O format=format -O device=(terminal|listing) --no-output -e, --error-file=error-file
語言選項(Language options)
-I, --include=dir -I-, --no-include -b, --batch -i, --interactive -r, --no-statrc -a, --algorithm={compatible|enhanced} -x, --syntax={compatible|enhanced} --syntax-encoding=encoding
信息選項(Informational options)
-h, --help -V, --version Other options -s, --safer --testing-mode
- syntax-file
Read and execute the named syntax file. If no syntax files are specified, PSPP prompts for commands. If any syntax files are specified, PSPP by default exits after it runs them, but you may make it prompt for commands by specifying 『-』 as an additional syntax file.
讀取並執行被命名的語法文件(Syntax file)。如果沒有指定語法文件,PSPP會提示命令。如果有任何語法文件被制定,PSPP默認會在它運行完畢後退出,但是您可以使用『-』來增加新的語法文件,繼續命令行。
- -o output-file
Write output to output-file. PSPP has several different output drivers that support output in various formats (use --help to list the available formats). Specify this option more than once to produce multiple output files, presumably in different formats. Use 『-』 as output-file to write output to standard output. If no -o option is used, then PSPP writes output to standard output in plain text format.
- -O option=value
Sets an option for the output file configured by a preceding -o. Most options are specific to particular output formats. A few options that apply generically are listed below.
- -O format=format
PSPP uses the extension of the file name given on -o to select an output format. Use this option to override this choice by specifying an alternate format, e.g. -o pspp.out -O html to write HTML to a file named pspp.out. Use --help to list the available formats.
- -O device={terminal|listing}
Sets whether PSPP considers the output device configured by the preceding -o to be a terminal or a listing device. This affects what output will be sent to the device, as configured by the SET command's output routing subcommands (see SET). By default, output written to standard output is considered a terminal device and other output is considered a listing device.
- --no-output
Disables output entirely, if neither -o nor -O is also used. If one of those options is used, --no-output has no effect.
- -e error-file
- --error-file=error-file
Configures a file to receive PSPP error, warning, and note messages in plain text format. Use 『-』 as error-file to write messages to standard output. The default error file is standard output in the absence of these options, but this is suppressed if an output device writes to standard output (or another terminal), to avoid printing every message twice. Use 『none』 as error-file to explicitly suppress the default.
- -I dir
- --include=dir
Appends dir to the set of directories searched by INCLUDE (see INCLUDE) and INSERT (see INSERT).
- -I-
- --no-include
Clears all directories from the include path, including directories inserted in the include path by default. The default include path is . (the current directory), followed by .pspp in the user's home directory, followed by PSPP's system configuration directory (usually /etc/pspp or /usr/local/etc/pspp).
- -b
- --batch
- -i
- --interactive
These options forces syntax files to be interpreted in batch mode or interactive mode, respectively, rather than the default 「auto」 mode. See Syntax Variants, for a description of the differences.
- -r
- --no-statrc
Disables running rc at PSPP startup time.
- -a {enhanced|compatible}
- --algorithm={enhanced|compatible}
With enhanced, the default, PSPP uses the best implemented algorithms for statistical procedures. With compatible, however, PSPP will in some cases use inferior algorithms to produce the same results as the proprietary program SPSS. Some commands have subcommands that override this setting on a per command basis.
- -x {enhanced|compatible}
- --syntax={enhanced|compatible}
With enhanced, the default, PSPP accepts its own extensions beyond those compatible with the proprietary program SPSS. With compatible, PSPP rejects syntax that uses these extensions. --syntax-encoding=encoding Specifies encoding as the encoding for syntax files named on the command line. The encoding also becomes the default encoding for other syntax files read during the PSPP session by the INCLUDE and INSERT commands. See INSERT, for the accepted forms of encoding.
- --help
Prints a message describing PSPP command-line syntax and the available device formats, then exits.
- -V
- --version
Prints a brief message listing PSPP's version, warranties you don't have, copying conditions and copyright, and e-mail address for bug reports, then exits.
- -s
- --safer
Disables certain unsafe operations. This includes the ERASE and HOST commands, as well as use of pipes as input and output files.
- --testing-mode
Invoke heuristics to assist with testing PSPP. For use by make check and similar scripts.