C语言讲义——字符串库函数
字符串库函数<string.h>
求字符串长度(不含结束符’\0’****) | strlen(str) |
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字符串赋值(可能造成数组越界) | strcpy(str," 水浒传 "); |
字符串追加(可能造成数组越界) | strcat(str," 三国演义 ") |
字符串比较(小于:-1/等于:0/大于:1****) | strcmp("AAA", "BBB"); |
strlen:自动无视结束符
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
char str1[] = "Trump";
printf("sizeof %d\n", sizeof(str1));
printf("strlen %d\n", strlen(str1));
printf("*******************\n");
char str2[] = "川普";
printf("sizeof %d\n", sizeof(str2));
printf("strlen %d\n", strlen(str2));
return 0;
}
strcpy赋值/复制
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
// 眼见喜、耳听怒、鼻嗅爱、舌尝思、意见欲、身本忧"
char str1[]="眼见喜";
printf("%d\n", sizeof(str1));
printf("%s\n", str1);
printf("**strcpy*******************************\n");
strcpy(str1,"耳听怒");
printf("%d\n", sizeof(str1));
printf("%s\n", str1);
printf("**strcpy不检测大小是否匹配*******************************\n");
int n1 = 1000;
printf("新变量:%d\n", n1);
strcpy(str1,"鼻嗅爱、舌尝思");
printf("%d\n", sizeof(str1));
printf("%s\n", str1);
printf("新变量:%d\n", n1); // n1被破坏了
return 0;
}
注意:strcpy不检测大小是否匹配
char str1[]="眼见喜";
int n1 = 1000;
strcpy(str1,"鼻嗅爱、舌尝思");
strcat(Concatenate·连接)
注意:strcat也不检测大小是否匹配
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
char str1[]="眼见喜";
printf("sizeof %d\n", sizeof(str1));
printf("strlen %d\n", strlen(str1));
printf("%s\n", str1);
printf("**strcat不检测大小是否匹配*******************************\n");
int n1 = 1000;
printf("新变量:%d\n", n1);
strcat(str1, "、耳听怒");
printf("新变量:%d\n", n1);// 被破坏
printf("sizeof %d\n", sizeof(str1));
printf("strlen %d\n", strlen(str1));
printf("%s\n", str1);
return 0;
}
strcmp判等
str1str1:1
str2str3:0
小于:-1
大于:1
等于:0
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
char str1[200]="a";
char str2[200]="b";
char str3[200]="b";
// 使用==判断是错误的
printf("str1==str1:%d\n", str1==str1);
printf("str2==str3:%d\n", str2==str3);// 判断错误
int nCmp;
nCmp = strcmp("a", "b");
printf("小于:%d\n", nCmp);
nCmp = strcmp("b", "a");
printf("大于:%d\n", nCmp);
nCmp = strcmp(str2, str3);
printf("等于:%d\n", nCmp);
return 0;
}
字符串转数字
需要#include <stdlib.h>
转整形 | int n = atoi(str); |
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转浮点型(double****) | double d = atof(str); |