Akka-Cluster(1)- Cluster Singleton 单例节点
关于cluster-singleton我在前面的博文已经介绍过,在这篇我想回顾一下它的作用和使用方法。首先,cluster-singleton就是集群某个节点上的一个actor。任何时间在集群内保证只会有一个这种actor的实例。它可以是在任何节点上,具体位置由akka-cluster系统的leader节点根据一定规则选定。当cluster-singleton所处的节点停止运作时leader会选择另一个节点,然后系统会将cluster-singleton迁移到新的节点上来保证集群中一定有一个活着的cluster-singleton实例,不过值得注意的是迁移的actor会丢失它的内部状态。在编程实践中常常会需要保证一项程序功能只能由唯一的actor来运行的情况,比如我们需要保证某种运算的顺序,这时在集群环境里就可以使用cluster-singleton了。下面是cluster-singleton可能的一些使用场景:
1、在集群中的一个单点运算决策角色,或者是集群各节点交互运算的协调角色
2、集群与外界软件唯一的接口点
3、单一主角,多个从属
4、中央命名机制,或者中央路由逻辑
cluster-singleton的工作原理是:在集群的所有节点上都部署一个能产生、启动某singleton类型的ClusterSingletonManager,这样可以保证singleton可以迁移到任何节点。集群中的leader节点动态决定singleton的具体生存节点并指示该节点上的ClusterSingletonManager创建singleton实例。其它actor与singleton的交互是通过这个singleton类型的ClusterSingletonProxy进行的,这是cluster系统提供的一项与singleton交互的渠道服务,在需要接触singleton时可以创建ClusterSingletonProxy实例,然后把它当作目标发送操作消息,这样就可以保证cluster-singleton的位置透明特性了。
下面我们就用个简单的例子来示范cluster-singleton的使用看看它的唯一性和自动迁移特点:
构建一个简单的actor:
class SingletonActor extends Actor with ActorLogging {
import SingletonActor._
import akka.cluster._
override def receive: Receive = {
case Greeting(msg) =>
log.info("*********got {} from {}********", msg, sender().path.address)
case Relocate =>
log.info("*********I'll move from {}********", self.path.address)
val cluster = Cluster(context.system)
cluster.leave(cluster.selfAddress)
case Die =>
log.info("*******I'm shutting down ... ********")
self ! PoisonPill
}
}
把SingletonActor包嵌在ClusterSingletonManager里:
bject SingletonActor { trait SingletonMsg {} case class Greeting(msg: String) extends SingletonMsg case object Relocate extends SingletonMsg case object Die extends SingletonMsg def props = Props(new SingletonActor) def createSingleton(port: Int) = { val config = ConfigFactory.parseString(s"akka.remote.netty.tcp.port=$port") .withFallback(ConfigFactory.parseString("akka.cluster.roles=[singleton]")) .withFallback(ConfigFactory.load()) val singletonSystem = ActorSystem("ClusterSingletonSystem",config) val singletonManager = singletonSystem.actorOf(ClusterSingletonManager.props( singletonProps = props, terminationMessage = Die, settings = ClusterSingletonManagerSettings(singletonSystem) .withRole(Some("singleton")) //只部署在角色是singleton的节点上 ), name = "singletonManager" ) } }
注意:singletonManager就是一个actor,所以是用actorOf(...)来构建的。现在这个singletonManager只能部署在singleton角色的节点上。
调用SingletonActor是通过ClusterSingletonProxy进行的:
object SingletonUser {
import SingletonActor._
def sendToSingleton(msg: SingletonMsg) = {
val config = ConfigFactory.parseString("akka.cluster.roles=[greeter]")
.withFallback(ConfigFactory.load())
val system = ActorSystem("ClusterSingletonSystem",config)
val singletonProxy = system.actorOf(ClusterSingletonProxy.props(
"user/singletonManager",
ClusterSingletonProxySettings(system).withRole(None)
))
singletonProxy ! msg
}
}
withRole(None)代表singletonProxy可以部署在任何节点上。下面是测试代码:
import SingletonActor._
import SingletonUser._
object SingletonDemo extends App {
createSingleton(2551) //seednode
createSingleton(2552)
createSingleton(2553)
createSingleton(2554)
scala.io.StdIn.readLine()
sendToSingleton(Greeting("hello from tiger"))
scala.io.StdIn.readLine()
sendToSingleton(Relocate)
scala.io.StdIn.readLine()
sendToSingleton(Greeting("hello from cat"))
scala.io.StdIn.readLine()
sendToSingleton(Die)
scala.io.StdIn.readLine()
}
检验一下输出简要:
[INFO] [10/25/2018 13:41:25.642] [ClusterSingletonSystem-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-3] [akka.tcp://ClusterSingletonSystem@127.0.0.1:51660/user/$a] Singleton identified at [akka.tcp://ClusterSingletonSystem@127.0.0.1:2551/user/singletonManager/singleton] [INFO] [10/25/2018 13:41:25.654] [ClusterSingletonSystem-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-20] [akka.tcp://ClusterSingletonSystem@127.0.0.1:2551/user/singletonManager/singleton] *********got hello from tiger from akka.tcp://ClusterSingletonSystem@127.0.0.1:51660******** [INFO] [10/25/2018 13:43:10.839] [ClusterSingletonSystem-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-3] [akka.tcp://ClusterSingletonSystem@127.0.0.1:2551/user/singletonManager/singleton] *********I'll move from akka://ClusterSingletonSystem******** INFO] [10/25/2018 13:43:18.885] [ClusterSingletonSystem-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-2] [akka.tcp://ClusterSingletonSystem@127.0.0.1:51670/user/$a] Singleton identified at [akka.tcp://ClusterSingletonSystem@127.0.0.1:2552/user/singletonManager/singleton] [INFO] [10/25/2018 13:43:18.886] [ClusterSingletonSystem-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-3] [akka.tcp://ClusterSingletonSystem@127.0.0.1:2552/user/singletonManager/singleton] *********got hello from cat from akka.tcp://ClusterSingletonSystem@127.0.0.1:51670******** [INFO] [10/25/2018 13:43:18.156] [ClusterSingletonSystem-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-16] [akka.tcp://ClusterSingletonSystem@127.0.0.1:2551/user/singletonManager/singleton] *******I'm shutting down ... ******** [INFO] [10/25/2018 13:43:18.177] [ClusterSingletonSystem-akka.remote.default-remote-dispatcher-18] [akka.tcp://ClusterSingletonSystem@127.0.0.1:2551/system/remoting-terminator] Shutting down remote daemon. [INFO] [10/25/2018 13:43:18.178] [ClusterSingletonSystem-akka.remote.default-remote-dispatcher-18] [akka.tcp://ClusterSingletonSystem@127.0.0.1:2551/system/remoting-terminator] Remote daemon shut down; proceeding with flushing remote transports. [INFO] [10/25/2018 13:43:18.215] [ClusterSingletonSystem-akka.remote.default-remote-dispatcher-14] [akka.tcp://ClusterSingletonSystem@127.0.0.1:2551/system/remoting-terminator] Remoting shut down.