排列算法(reverse...rotate...next_permutation)
reverse
template <class BidirectionalIterator> void reverse(BidirectionalIterator first,BidirectionalIterator last)//翻转range内iterator所指的元素而非iterator本身。
reverse_copy
与reverse类似,只不过这个是把反转结果输出到result中,返回新产生的尾端,等同于先copy再reverse,[first,last)和[result,result+(last-first)不重叠
template <class BidirectionalIterator,class OutputIterator> OutputIterator reverse_copy(BidirectionalIterator first,BidirectionalIterator last,OutputIterator result)
roate
将range内的元素旋转,将middle处的元素旋转到first处,将middle+1处的元素旋转到first+1处,对于0<=n<=last-first区间内的每一个n,将元素*(first+n)赋值给*(first+(n+(last-middle))%(last-first)),也就是将[first,middle)与[middle,last)中的每个元素互换,可以用swap_ranges互换两个长度相同的range,用rotate换两个长度不同的相邻的range
inline void rotate(ForwardIterator first,ForwardIterator middle,ForwardIterator last) { if(first==middle||middle==last) return ; __roate(first,middle,last,distance_type(first),iterator_categroy(first)); }
ForwardIterator版本
template <class ForwardIterator, class Distance> void __rotate(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator middle, ForwardIterator last, Distance*, forward_iterator_tag) { for (ForwardIterator i = middle;;) { iter_swap(first, i); // 前后段元素一一交换 ++first; // 双双前进1 ++i; // 以下判断是前段[first, middle)先结束还是后段[middle,last)先结束 if (first == middle) { // 前段先结束 if (i == last) return; // 如果后段也结束了,整个就结束了 middle = i; // 否则进行调整,之后再进行迭代 } else if (i == last) // 后段先结束 i = middle; // 调整,之后再进行迭代 } }
Bidirectionalterator版本
// 分派函数(dispatch function) template <class BidirectionalIterator> inline void reverse(BidirectionalIterator first, BidirectionalIterator last) { __reverse(first, last, iterator_category(first)); } // reverse 的 bidirectional iterator 版 template <class BidirectionalIterator> void __reverse(BidirectionalIterator first, BidirectionalIterator last, bidirectional_iterator_tag) { while (true) if (first == last || first == --last) //剩余需交换元素个数小于2 return; else iter_swap(first++, last); //iter_swap()函数为交换迭代器所指元素的值 } // rotate 的 bidirectional iterator 版 template <class BidirectionalIterator, class Distance> void __rotate(BidirectionalIterator first, BidirectionalIterator middle, BidirectionalIterator last, Distance*, bidirectional_iterator_tag) { reverse(first, middle); reverse(middle, last); reverse(first, last); }
RandomIterator版本
每一次__rotate_cycle只能将t/n的元素正确的左移,其中t为容器内元素个数,n为last-first和middle-first的最大公约数,而这些被移动的元素是以n为等间距的,所以循环n次,并分别以串的前n个元素为起点进行__rotate_cycle操作,就能保证将所有的元素都移动到正确的位置上。
// 最大公因数,利用辗转相除法 // __gcd() 应用于 __rotate() 的 random access iterator 版 template <class EuclideanRingElement> EuclideanRingElement __gcd(EuclideanRingElement m, EuclideanRingElement n) { while (n != 0) { EuclideanRingElement t = m % n; m = n; n = t; } return m; } template <class RandomAccessIterator, class Distance, class T> void __rotate_cycle(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last, RandomAccessIterator initial, Distance shift, T*) { T value = *initial; //记下链首元素的值,接下来链首元素“出列”留下一个“槽” RandomAccessIterator ptr1 = initial; RandomAccessIterator ptr2 = ptr1 + shift;//指向链中下一元素 while (ptr2 != initial) { *ptr1 = *ptr2; ptr1 = ptr2; //ptr1指向“槽”的位置 if (last - ptr2 > shift) //还没有到达最后一个元素 ptr2 += shift; else ptr2 = first + (shift - (last - ptr2)); } *ptr1 = value; } // rotate 的 random access iterator 版 template <class RandomAccessIterator, class Distance> void __rotate(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator middle, RandomAccessIterator last, Distance*, random_access_iterator_tag) { // 以下迭代器的相减操作只适用于RandomAccessIterator // 取全长和前段长度的最大公因数 Distance n = __gcd(last - first, middle - first); // 链数为gcd(m,n) 。链中元素个数为n/gcd(m,n)。 while (n--) //为了书写方便,先从最后一条链开始循环 __rotate_cycle(first, last, first + n, middle - first, value_type(first)); }
rotate_copy
与rotate类似,但是他不会就地的旋转range,而是把旋转后的range输出到一result开头的range中,返回新产生的range的尾端
template <class ForwardIterator,class OutputIterator> inline void rotate_copy(ForwardIterator first,ForwardIterator middle,ForwardIterator last,OutputIterator result);
next_permutation
从尾端开始向前寻找两相邻元素,第一元素为i,第二元素为ii,而且*i<*ii,找到这样一组元素后,再从尾端开始向前检验,找出第一大于*i的元素令其为*j,将i和j对调,再将ii之后的所有元素颠倒即为所求。
tmplate <class BidirectionIterator> bool next_permutation(BidirectionIterator first, BidirectionIterator last) { if(first == last) return false; BidirectionIterator i = first; ++i; if(i == last) return false; i = last; --i; for(;;) { BidirectionIterator ii = i; --i; if(*i < *ii) { BidirectionIterator j = last; while(!(*i < *--j)); iter_swap(i, j); reverse(ii, last); return true; } if(i == first) { reverse(first, last); return false; } } } //版本二:用自定义的function object template <class BidirectionalIterator,class StrictweakOrdering> bool next_permutation(BidirectionalIterator first,BidirectionalIterator last,StrictweakOrdering cmo);
prev_permutation
从尾端开始向前寻找两相邻元素,第一元素为i,第二元素为ii,而且*i>*ii,找到这样一组元素后,再从尾端开始向前检验,找出第一小于*i的元素令其为*j,将i和j对调,再将ii之后的所有元素颠倒即为所求。
//版本一:operator< template <class BidirectionalIterator> bool prev_permutation(BidirectionalIterator first,BidirectionalIterator last) { if(first == last) return false; BidirectionIterator i = first; ++i; if(i == last) return false; i = last; --i; for(;;) { BidirectionIterator ii = i; --i; if(*ii < *i) { BidirectionIterator j = last; while(!(*--j < *i)); iter_swap(i, j); reverse(ii, last); return true; } if(i == first) { reverse(first, last); return false; } } } //版本二:用自定义的function object template <class BidirectionalIterator,class StrictweakOrdering> bool prev_permutation(BidirectionalIterator first,BidirectionalIterator last,StrictweakOrdering cmo);