搭建属于自己的私有链，部署简单的智能合约

下面所有操作都是在root用户下执行的。

ubuntu 17.10安装

sudo apt upgrade -y

sudo apt install software-properties-common

sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ethereum/ethereum

sudo apt update

sudo apt install ethereum

sudo apt install solc -y

一条一条复制黏贴，好，你的环境已经搭好了，继续下一步

创建创世区块

mkdir -p ethereum && cd ethereum

vim genesis.json

geth init genesis.json

下面这段拷到genesion.json里面，退出，继续下一步

{
"nonce": "0x0000000000000042",
"difficulty": "0x020000",
"mixhash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"coinbase": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"timestamp": "0x00",
"parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"extraData": "0x11bbe8db4e347b4e8c937c1c8370e4b5ed33adb3db69cbdb7a38e1e50b1b82fa",
"gasLimit": "0x4c4b40",
"config": {
"chainId": 15,
"homesteadBlock": 0,
"eip155Block": 0,
"eip158Block": 0
},
"alloc": { }
}

创建两个矿工: 当前目录 /root/ethereum

geth --datadir miner1 init genesis.json

geth --datadir miner2 init genesis.json

编写运行脚本:

这里我找了一天，后来才发现路径写错了，一直以为是什么情况，我真的是太傻了

没看到有写成脚本的，自己试了一下，给自己挖了个大坑，算是个教训吧

cd ~/ethereum

vim miner1.sh

#脚本内容，下面这段拷进去,记得修改自己的ip，修改ip，ip

#!/bin/bash
geth --networkid 15 --datadir miner1 --rpc --rpcaddr 45.63.61.235 --rpcport 8546 --nodiscover --ipcpath "/root/.ethereum/geth.ipc" #注意这个路径，有个点（我系统的默认路径）

chmod +x miner1.sh

cd ~/ethereum

vim miner2.sh

#脚本内容，下面这段拷进去，,记得修改自己的ip,修改ip，ip

#!/bin/bash
geth --networkid 15 --datadir miner2 --rpc --rpcaddr 45.63.61.235 --rpcport 8545 --port "30304" --nodiscover --ipcpath "/root/ethereum/miner2/geth.ipc" #注意这个路径，没有点

chmod +x miner2.sh

3.2. 启动节点，开始挖矿

./miner1.sh

#再开一个终端

geth attach #通过这个终端来操作

personal.newAccount("123456") # 输入自己想要的密码，记好密码，别忘记了

personal.newAccount("123456")　　 # 创建两个账户，方便后续操作

miner.setEtherbase(eth.accounts[0])

miner.start(4)　　# 4代表cpu核数，填1就行，我买的4核，就填4了，不用白不用

重要：执行之后，会如下结果，等DAG达到一百再操作，一百再操作，操作，作。出现🔨 就可以继续下一步了（先挖一点）。

> miner.start(1)
INFO [04-18|12:18:50] Updated mining threads threads=1
INFO [04-18|12:18:50] Transaction pool price threshold updated price=18000000000
null
> INFO [04-18|12:18:50] Starting mining operation
INFO [04-18|12:18:50] Commit new mining work number=1 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=97.855µs
INFO [04-18|12:18:52] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=0 elapsed=692.164ms
INFO [04-18|12:18:52] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=1 elapsed=1.339s
INFO [04-18|12:18:53] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=2 elapsed=2.049s
INFO [04-18|12:18:54] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=3 elapsed=2.776s
INFO [04-18|12:18:54] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=4 elapsed=3.505s
INFO [04-18|12:18:55] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=5 elapsed=4.223s
INFO [04-18|12:18:56] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=6 elapsed=4.941s
.....

INFO [04-18|12:19:59] Generated ethash verification cache epoch=0 elapsed=1m8.186s
INFO [04-18|12:20:00] Successfully sealed new block number=1 hash=baed8e…b18f61
INFO [04-18|12:20:00] 🔨 mined potential block number=1 hash=baed8e…b18f61
INFO [04-18|12:20:00] Commit new mining work number=2 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=93.514µ

查看账户余额和区块高度

#在新开的终端进行操作

miner.stop()

eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]) 　　# wei

web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]), "ether");　　　# ether

miner.blockNumber

内部转账

在miner1内进行账号财产的转移

#还在原来的终端进行操作

eth.accounts　　#此时应该有两个账户，先解锁

personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0])

personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[1])

miner.start()

web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1]), "ether");

eth.sendTransaction({from:eth.accounts[0],to:eth.accounts[1], value:web3.toWei(5,"ether")})

web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1]), "ether");

miner.stop()

这时看到账户1 的金额变多了 5 ether，说明我们的交易被成功大包进区块了

外部转账

跨账户转移财产，理论上可以在同一个校园网下（我没试过），由于我只有一个电脑，我就在这台电脑开两个账户进行转移

保持原来miner1两个终端不变，新开两个终端

初始化矿工2

./miner2.sh

#再换一个终端

geth attach /root/ethereum/miner2/geth.ipc #注意，这里路径和上面设置一样

personal.newAccount("123456") # 输入自己想要的密码，记好密码，别忘记了

personal.newAccount("123456")　　 # 创建两个账户，方便后续操作

miner.setEtherbase(eth.accounts[1])　　

web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]), "ether");

web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1]), "ether");

连接到矿工1，并实现转账

admin.nodeInfo.enode　　 #查看矿工2的enode

eth.accounts[1]　　#查看矿工2的账户1的地址

personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[1]) 　　#解锁账户1

#切换到矿工1的终端

admin.addPeer("enode://c0be7867cc66cc6df8b5f75acba397a1fec2e327c2daa6df6d43add39abc22be43613f9d879f2d0ecdec4c55c3e0e6be105d3dd6b7c2722ebfd63449f707bfc5@[::]:30304?discport=0") 　　#注意，enode里面的内容是自己电脑上面矿工2的enode，在矿工1终端运行

admin.peers　　#查看peers，就是矿工2

此时应该返回这种格式

> admin.peers
[{
  caps: ["eth/62", "eth/63"],
  id: "c0be7867cc66cc6df8b5f75acba397a1fec2e327c2daa6df6d43add39abc22be43613f9d879f2d0ecdec4c55c3e0e6be105d3dd6b7c2722ebfd63449f707bfc5",
  name: "Geth/v1.8.4-stable-2423ae01/linux-amd64/go1.10",
  network: {
    inbound: false,
    localAddress: "[::1]:32810",
    remoteAddress: "[::1]:30304",
    static: true,
    trusted: false
  },
  protocols: {
    eth: {
    difficulty: 3684992,
    head: "0x168749c055de2a4a3f554028b8f4b919f4047f98c775bf4e0d8cadf233b82c05",
    version: 63
    }
  }
}]

发送一笔从矿工1的账户0 到矿工2的账户1 的交易

#矿工1的终端

personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0])

eth.sendTransaction({from: eth.accounts[0], to: "0xd0561d3b291183e2e2c2de999f3403db5a3c46c1", value: web3.toWei(10, "ether")}) 　　to的地址填自己矿工2账户1的地址

txpool.status #可以看到有一笔待打包的交易

eth.pendingTransactions #查看这笔交易的具体情况

miner.start()

miner.stop()　　#打包交易

查看交易状况

txpool.status　　　#可以看到当前交易已经被打包

eth.getTransaction("0x4ab93a7fe8cc7f9b49cfb650ba96280f6e7a60e6f1dca30da89ee29848fd3aad")  　　#可以看到这笔交易已经成功执行

#切换到矿工2终端，查看这笔交易是否真的成功

  web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1]), "ether");　　#可以看到交易已经成功，账户多了10 ether

  eth.getTransaction("0x4ab93a7fe8cc7f9b49cfb650ba96280f6e7a60e6f1dca30da89ee29848fd3aad")  　　#可以看到这笔交易在矿工2 也是可以查询到的

发布智能合约

打开这个网站 https://remix.ethereum.org/#optimize=false

pragma solidity ^0.4.4;

contract Test { 
    string public name;


    function Test()public {
      name = "lajixiaogui";
    }

    function Sample() constant public returns(string){
        return name;
    }

}

把上面这段代码拷过去，点击 start to compile，然后点击 Details，找到

from代表合约由哪个账户生成，哪个账户生成，则生成所需的gas就需要该账户承担，默认为eth.accounts[0]，因为所有挖矿所得的以太币也默认都存入该账户中。

data代表的就是bytecode。是编译后的代码，你的代码越长，这块的字符串越多。

gas代表的是为了部署该合约最多准备的gas数量，当然实际上可能用不了这么多gas，具体消耗以实际使用量为准，这里只是设定一个最大量。gas是调用合约要扣除的gas单位，可以理解为以太币，gas和ether之间有个汇率，汇率受矿机的算率影响会有调整，在公网上，这些gas用于奖励给挖矿者。

最后这段是一个典型的javascript的异步调用的写法，将上面的new方法的结果传递给下一个方法function（e,contract)，在下一个方法中处理如果挖矿成功的显示结果。如果合约成功部署在区块上，则在控制台打印出来Contract mined!、contract address、transactionHash等信息。

address表示已经部署智能合约的帐户地址，智能合约也相当于一个帐户。

transactionHash表示智能合约产生时的hash值，会永久保存到区块链条里面。

发起合约

#在矿工1终端，解锁矿工1的账户0

personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0])

# 把上面web3deploy代码拷到终端1，回车（就是下面这个）

var testContract = web3.eth.contract([{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"name","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"Sample","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"}]);
var test = testContract.new(
   {
     from: web3.eth.accounts[0], 
     data: '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', 
     gas: '4700000'
   }, function (e, contract){
    console.log(e, contract);
    if (typeof contract.address !== 'undefined') {
         console.log('Contract mined! address: ' + contract.address + ' transactionHash: ' +

 contract.transactionHash);
    }
 })

test #输入可以看到合约

txpool.status 　#可以看到交易池有一笔待确认的交易

web3.eth.getTransaction("0xbe0262f026047b101539373f4e19c67505218e0a829437b9dc7f5a0d8dd1e4d7") 　　#查看合约

 doushiqiana = '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'
 
web3.eth.estimateGas({data: doushiqiana})　　#查看手续费

miner.start()　　#打包交易

miner.stop() 　#等待挖15个矿之后，取消挖矿

查看合约

eth.getCode(test.address)　　#查看合约是否部署成功

web3.eth.getTransaction("0xbe0262f026047b101539373f4e19c67505218e0a829437b9dc7f5a0d8dd1e4d7")　　　#查看合约

test.Sample.call() 　　#调用合约方法

返回 "lajixiaogui" 说明合约部署完成，恭喜你，搭建第一个简单的私有链

posted @ 2018-04-18 21:09 tianlongtc 阅读(1019) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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搭建属于自己的私有链，部署简单的智能合约

3.2. 启动节点，开始挖矿

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