LINQ之非延迟执行标准查询操作符(上)
操作符：ToArray
原型：
public static TSource[] ToArray<TSource>( this IEnumerable<TSource> source )
描述：将一个IEnumerable<T>的输入序列，转换成T类型的数组，这个方法经常用来缓存一个序列，以防止在我们遍历它之前， 序列的数据发生改变。
例子：
List<Product> products = new List<Product>
{
new Product{ProductId = 201,ProductName = "Chuckit",CategoryId = 2},
new Product{ProductId = 202,ProductName = "SafeMade",CategoryId = 2},
new Product{ProductId = 101,ProductName = "Taste",CategoryId = 1},
new Product{ProductId = 102,ProductName = "Canidae",CategoryId = 1},
new Product{ProductId = 103,ProductName = "Flavor",CategoryId = 1}
};
string [] productArray = products.Select(p => p.ProductName).ToArray();
foreach (string product in productArray)
{
Console.WriteLine(product);
}
操作符：ToList
原型：
public static List<TSource> ToList<TSource>( this IEnumerable<TSource> source )
描述：将输入序列转换成T类型的List对象，同ToArray一样，这个方法经常用来缓存一个序列，以防止在我们遍历它之前， 序列的数据发生改变。
string[] allBrands = new string[] { "Exuviance", "Avene", "Baby Quasar", "Ecoya", "Alterna", "Ecru New York" };
List<int> brandLength = allBrands.Select(b => b.Length).ToList();
foreach (int length in brandLength)
{
Console.WriteLine(length);
}
操作符：ToDictonary
原型：四种
public static Dictionary<TKey, TSource> ToDictionary<TSource, TKey>( this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector )
public static Dictionary<TKey, TSource> ToDictionary<TSource, TKey>( this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector, IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparer )
public static Dictionary<TKey, TElement> ToDictionary<TSource, TKey, TElement>( this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector, Func<TSource, TElement> elementSelector )
public static Dictionary<TKey, TElement> ToDictionary<TSource, TKey, TElement>( this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector, Func<TSource, TElement> elementSelector, IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparer )
描述：根据指定的key，返回一个Dictionary序列
原型一和原型二，原型三和原型四，提供了IEqualityComparer用于比较2个对象是否相等，原型一和原型三，主要区别在于与原型三允许返回与输入序列不一样类型的序列，
因此，我们主要看看原型一。
List<Product> products = new List<Product>
{
new Product{ProductId = 201,ProductName = "Chuckit",CategoryId = 2},
new Product{ProductId = 202,ProductName = "SafeMade",CategoryId = 2},
new Product{ProductId = 101,ProductName = "Taste",CategoryId = 1},
new Product{ProductId = 102,ProductName = "Canidae",CategoryId = 1},
new Product{ProductId = 103,ProductName = "Flavor",CategoryId = 1}
};
Dictionary<int, Product> productDic = products.ToDictionary(p => p.ProductId);
Product someProduct = productDic[201];
Console.WriteLine("{0},{1}",someProduct.ProductId,someProduct.ProductName);
操作符：ToLookup
原型：ToLookup和ToDictionary一样提供了四种原型，且四种都是对应的。
public static ILookup<TKey, TSource> ToLookup<TSource, TKey>( this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector )
描述：ToLookup返回的是一个ILookup类型的序列，ILookup允许我们根据key来查找，跟Dictionary不一样的地方是，key可以不唯一，且多个元素可以存在一个key里面
List<Product> products = new List<Product>
{
new Product{ProductId = 201,ProductName = "Chuckit",CategoryId = 2},
new Product{ProductId = 202,ProductName = "SafeMade",CategoryId = 2},
new Product{ProductId = 101,ProductName = "Taste",CategoryId = 1},
new Product{ProductId = 102,ProductName = "Canidae",CategoryId = 1},
new Product{ProductId = 103,ProductName = "Flavor",CategoryId = 1}
};
ILookup<int, Product> productLookups = products.ToLookup(p => p.CategoryId);
IEnumerable < Product > productLookup = productLookups[1];
foreach (Product product in productLookup)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0},{1}",product.ProductId,product.ProductName);
}
在这个例子中，通过key在ILookup序列里面查找，返回的是一个IEnumerable<Product>的序列，而不再像Dictionary一样，返回唯一的一个对象。
操作符：SequenceEqual
原型：
public static bool SequenceEqual<TSource>( this IEnumerable<TSource> first, IEnumerable<TSource> second )
public static bool SequenceEqual<TSource>( this IEnumerable<TSource> first, IEnumerable<TSource> second, IEqualityComparer<TSource> comparer )
描述：判断2个序列是否相等，注意，这里的相等，要求两个序列的元素个数要相等，相同索引位置的元素也要相等，原型二提供了相等比较器，允许自定义对象相等的算法。
来看个原型二的例子：
首先定义相等比较器：
public class StringNumberComparee:IEqualityComparer<string>
{
public bool Equals(string x, string y)
{
return x.TrimStart('0').Equals(y.TrimStart('0'));
}
public int GetHashCode(string obj)
{
return obj.GetHashCode();
}
}
string[] productIds = new string[] { "1", "3", "5", "12", "34", "21" };
string[] productIds2 = new string[] { "0001", "0003", "0005", "0012", "0034", "0021" };
bool twoProductIdsAreSame = productIds.SequenceEqual(productIds2, new StringNumberComparee());
Console.WriteLine(twoProductIdsAreSame);
返回结果正如我们预料的为True。
