LINQ之延迟执行标准查询操作符(中)
操作符:Concat
描述:用于连接2个序列
原型:1种
public static IEnumerable<TSource> Concat<TSource>( this IEnumerable<TSource> first, IEnumerable<TSource> second )
string [] dogs = {"kelly","belly","shelly"}; string[] cats = {"kiti", "lili"}; var pets = dogs.Concat(cats); foreach (var pet in pets) { Console.WriteLine(pet); }
返回的结果是:
kelly
belly
shelly
kiti
lili
操作符:OrderBy
描述:允许输入序列根据一个keySelector方法进行升序排序,并返回一个排序后的结果:IOrderedEnumerable<TSource>
原型:2种
原型一:
public static IOrderedEnumerable<TSource> OrderBy<TSource, TKey>( this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector )
在这种原型中,TKey必须是实现了IComparable<TKey>
string [] dogs = {"kelly","belly","shelly"}; string[] cats = {"kiti", "lili"}; var pets = dogs.Concat(cats).OrderBy(item=>item); foreach (var pet in pets) { Console.WriteLine(pet); }
需要注意的是,OrderBy后返回的是一个已经排序的结果:IOrderedEnumerable<TSource>,此时我们不应该在对这个序列调用OrderBy方法,
因为这样会破坏原有的OrderBy的排序,如果我们需要再次针对其他的key进行排序,可以调用ThenBy,稍后会提到。
原型二:
public static IOrderedEnumerable<TSource> OrderBy<TSource, TKey>( this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector, IComparer<TKey> comparer )
原型二和原型一很类似,只是多提供了一个IComparer的参数,允许我们传入自己的排序算法。这样子的话,TKey就不一定要是想IComparer接口了。
我们还是来看个例子:
我们有一个Student类:
public class Student { public string Name { get; set; } public List<int > Scores { get; set; } }
我们希望根据Student的Scores的和来做一个降序排序,因此,我们另外建一个类来实现IComparer:
public class SortStudentScore:IComparer<Student> { public int Compare(Student x, Student y) { decimal xScores = x.Scores.Sum(item => item); decimal yScores = y.Scores.Sum(item => item); return yScores.CompareTo(xScores); } }
这样,我们的查询可以写成:
//定义数据源 List<Student> students = new List<Student> { new Student{Name = "Terry",Scores = new List<int>{98,88,93,75,82}}, new Student{Name = "Tina",Scores = new List<int>{85,99,87,93,97}}, new Student{Name = "Linda",Scores = new List<int>{57,100,83,89,92}}, new Student{Name = "Leon",Scores = new List<int>{100,98,72,77,84}}, new Student{Name = "Echo",Scores = new List<int>{79,80,97,55,88}} }; SortStudentScore sortStudentScore = new SortStudentScore(); //定义查询表达式,找出不及格的学生及其分数 var scoreQuery = students.OrderBy((s => s),sortStudentScore).Select(item=>new {item.Name,TotalScore= item.Scores.Sum(score=>score)}); //输出结果) foreach (var query in scoreQuery) { Console.WriteLine("Student:{0} TotalScore:{1}", query.Name, query.TotalScore); }
我们的输出结果就是:
Student:Tina TotalScore:461
Student:Terry TotalScore:436
Student:Leon TotalScore:431
Student:Linda TotalScore:421
Student:Echo TotalScore:399
操作符:OrderByDescending
描述:与OrderBy操作符类似,只是排序方式是按照降序来排序的。
原型:与OrderBy一样,支持2种原型
具体例子可以参照OrderBy的,不再赘述。
操作符:ThenBy
描述:将一个已经排序后的序列,根据新的key进行再排序。主要,与大多数LINQ操作不一样的地方是,ThenBy(以及后面要介绍的ThenByDescending)的输入序列都必须是实现了
IOrderedEnumerable<T>。由于ThenBy是稳定排序,因此对于OrderBy/OrderByDescending后,ThenBy的key相同的2个元素,不会再打乱其排序。
原型:2种,跟OrderBy一样
为了说明这点,我们举个例子:
//定义数据源 List<Student> students = new List<Student> { new Student{Id = 1,Name = "Leon",Scores = new List<int>{98,88,93,75,82}}, new Student{Id = 2,Name = "Tina",Scores = new List<int>{85,99,87,93,97}}, new Student{Id = 3,Name = "Linda",Scores = new List<int>{57,100,83,89,92}}, new Student{Id = 4,Name = "Leon",Scores = new List<int>{100,98,77,77,84}}, new Student{Id = 5,Name = "Echo",Scores = new List<int>{79,80,97,55,88}} }; SortStudentScore sortStudentScore = new SortStudentScore(); var orderByScoreQuery = students.OrderBy((s => s), sortStudentScore). Select(item => new {item.Id, item.Name, TotalScore = item.Scores.Sum(score => score) }); Console.WriteLine("Using OrderBy only"); //输出结果)); foreach (var query in orderByScoreQuery) { Console.WriteLine("{0}.{1} TotalScore:{2}",query.Id, query.Name, query.TotalScore); } Console.WriteLine(); Console.WriteLine("After add ThenBy"); //定义查询表达式,找出不及格的学生及其分数 var scoreQuery = students.OrderBy((s => s), sortStudentScore). ThenBy(item=>item.Name). Select(item => new {item.Id, item.Name, TotalScore = item.Scores.Sum(score => score) }); //输出结果) foreach (var query in scoreQuery) { Console.WriteLine("{0}.{1} TotalScore:{2}", query.Id, query.Name, query.TotalScore); }
为了说明这个例子,我们让两个学生同名,并且总分也一样,用Id来区别他们,以下是输出结果:
Using OrderBy only
2.Tina TotalScore:461
1.Leon TotalScore:436
4.Leon TotalScore:436
3.Linda TotalScore:421
5.Echo TotalScore:399
After add ThenBy
2.Tina TotalScore:461
1.Leon TotalScore:436
4.Leon TotalScore:436
3.Linda TotalScore:421
5.Echo TotalScore:399
我们发现Id 1和Id 4经过ThenBy后,并没有调整顺序。对于像List.Sort<T>这种不稳定排序,相同的值排序后可能打乱掉原有的顺序的。
操作符:Reverse
描述:Reverse很简单,就是将序列逆序一下
原型:
public static IEnumerable<TSource> Reverse<TSource>( this IEnumerable<TSource> source )
看个简单的例子吧:
int[] nums = new int[] { 0,1,2,3,4,5 }; var evenNums = nums.Reverse(); foreach (var evenNum in evenNums) { Console.WriteLine(evenNum); }
输出的结果为:
5
4
3
2
1
0
To Be Continue…
参考:《Pro.LINQ.Language.Integrated.Query.in.Csharp.2010》