LINQ之延迟执行标准查询操作符(中)

操作符:Concat

描述:用于连接2个序列

原型:1种

 

public static IEnumerable<TSource> Concat<TSource>(
	this IEnumerable<TSource> first,
	IEnumerable<TSource> second
)
            string [] dogs = {"kelly","belly","shelly"};
            string[] cats = {"kiti", "lili"};

            var pets = dogs.Concat(cats);

            foreach (var pet in pets)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(pet);
            }

 

 

返回的结果是:

kelly

belly

shelly

kiti

lili

 

操作符:OrderBy

描述:允许输入序列根据一个keySelector方法进行升序排序,并返回一个排序后的结果:IOrderedEnumerable<TSource>

原型:2种

 

原型一:

 

public static IOrderedEnumerable<TSource> OrderBy<TSource, TKey>(
	this IEnumerable<TSource> source,
	Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector
)

在这种原型中,TKey必须是实现了IComparable<TKey>

 

            string [] dogs = {"kelly","belly","shelly"};
            string[] cats = {"kiti", "lili"};

            var pets = dogs.Concat(cats).OrderBy(item=>item);

            foreach (var pet in pets)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(pet);
            }

 

 

需要注意的是,OrderBy后返回的是一个已经排序的结果:IOrderedEnumerable<TSource>,此时我们不应该在对这个序列调用OrderBy方法,

因为这样会破坏原有的OrderBy的排序,如果我们需要再次针对其他的key进行排序,可以调用ThenBy,稍后会提到。

 

原型二:

 

public static IOrderedEnumerable<TSource> OrderBy<TSource, TKey>(
	this IEnumerable<TSource> source,
	Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector,
	IComparer<TKey> comparer
)

 

原型二和原型一很类似,只是多提供了一个IComparer的参数,允许我们传入自己的排序算法。这样子的话,TKey就不一定要是想IComparer接口了。

我们还是来看个例子:

 

我们有一个Student类:

 

public class Student
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public List<int > Scores { get; set; }
    }

 

我们希望根据Student的Scores的和来做一个降序排序,因此,我们另外建一个类来实现IComparer:

 

public class SortStudentScore:IComparer<Student>
    {
        public int Compare(Student x, Student y)
        {
            decimal xScores = x.Scores.Sum(item => item);
            decimal yScores = y.Scores.Sum(item => item);

            return yScores.CompareTo(xScores);
        }
    }

 

这样,我们的查询可以写成:

 

//定义数据源
            List<Student> students = new List<Student>
                                           {
                                               new Student{Name = "Terry",Scores = new List<int>{98,88,93,75,82}},
                                               new Student{Name = "Tina",Scores = new List<int>{85,99,87,93,97}},
                                               new Student{Name = "Linda",Scores = new List<int>{57,100,83,89,92}},
                                               new Student{Name = "Leon",Scores = new List<int>{100,98,72,77,84}},
                                               new Student{Name = "Echo",Scores = new List<int>{79,80,97,55,88}}
                                           };
            SortStudentScore sortStudentScore = new SortStudentScore();
            //定义查询表达式,找出不及格的学生及其分数
            var scoreQuery = students.OrderBy((s => s),sortStudentScore).Select(item=>new {item.Name,TotalScore= item.Scores.Sum(score=>score)});

            //输出结果)
            foreach (var query in scoreQuery)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Student:{0} TotalScore:{1}", query.Name, query.TotalScore);
            }

 

我们的输出结果就是:

Student:Tina TotalScore:461
Student:Terry TotalScore:436
Student:Leon TotalScore:431
Student:Linda TotalScore:421
Student:Echo TotalScore:399

 

操作符:OrderByDescending

描述:与OrderBy操作符类似,只是排序方式是按照降序来排序的。

原型:与OrderBy一样,支持2种原型

具体例子可以参照OrderBy的,不再赘述。

 

操作符:ThenBy

描述:将一个已经排序后的序列,根据新的key进行再排序。主要,与大多数LINQ操作不一样的地方是,ThenBy(以及后面要介绍的ThenByDescending)的输入序列都必须是实现了

IOrderedEnumerable<T>。由于ThenBy是稳定排序,因此对于OrderBy/OrderByDescending后,ThenBy的key相同的2个元素,不会再打乱其排序。

原型:2种,跟OrderBy一样

为了说明这点,我们举个例子:

 

//定义数据源
            List<Student> students = new List<Student>
                                           {
                                               new Student{Id = 1,Name = "Leon",Scores = new List<int>{98,88,93,75,82}},
                                               new Student{Id = 2,Name = "Tina",Scores = new List<int>{85,99,87,93,97}},
                                               new Student{Id = 3,Name = "Linda",Scores = new List<int>{57,100,83,89,92}},
                                               new Student{Id = 4,Name = "Leon",Scores = new List<int>{100,98,77,77,84}},
                                               new Student{Id = 5,Name = "Echo",Scores = new List<int>{79,80,97,55,88}}
                                           };
            SortStudentScore sortStudentScore = new SortStudentScore();

            var orderByScoreQuery = students.OrderBy((s => s), sortStudentScore).
                                    Select(item => new {item.Id, item.Name, TotalScore = item.Scores.Sum(score => score) });

            Console.WriteLine("Using OrderBy only");
            //输出结果));
            foreach (var query in orderByScoreQuery)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0}.{1} TotalScore:{2}",query.Id, query.Name, query.TotalScore);
            }
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("After add ThenBy");
            //定义查询表达式,找出不及格的学生及其分数
            var scoreQuery = students.OrderBy((s => s), sortStudentScore).
                                    ThenBy(item=>item.Name).
                                    Select(item => new {item.Id, item.Name, TotalScore = item.Scores.Sum(score => score) });

            //输出结果)
            foreach (var query in scoreQuery)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0}.{1} TotalScore:{2}", query.Id, query.Name, query.TotalScore);
            }

 

为了说明这个例子,我们让两个学生同名,并且总分也一样,用Id来区别他们,以下是输出结果:

Using OrderBy only
2.Tina TotalScore:461
1.Leon TotalScore:436
4.Leon TotalScore:436
3.Linda TotalScore:421
5.Echo TotalScore:399

After add ThenBy
2.Tina TotalScore:461
1.Leon TotalScore:436
4.Leon TotalScore:436
3.Linda TotalScore:421
5.Echo TotalScore:399

 

我们发现Id 1和Id 4经过ThenBy后,并没有调整顺序。对于像List.Sort<T>这种不稳定排序,相同的值排序后可能打乱掉原有的顺序的。

 

操作符:Reverse

描述:Reverse很简单,就是将序列逆序一下

原型:

public static IEnumerable<TSource> Reverse<TSource>(
	this IEnumerable<TSource> source
)

 

看个简单的例子吧:

 

int[] nums = new int[] { 0,1,2,3,4,5 };

            var evenNums = nums.Reverse();

            foreach (var evenNum in evenNums)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(evenNum);
            }

 

输出的结果为:

5
4
3
2
1
0


To Be Continue…

 

参考:《Pro.LINQ.Language.Integrated.Query.in.Csharp.2010》

posted @ 2012-03-16 16:49  Xiao Tian  阅读(250)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报