1、创建用户
create user wangcai identified by wangcai
2、创建表
CREATE TABLE DEPT(
EPTNO NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT PK_DEPT PRIMARY KEY,
DNAME VARCHAR2(14),
LOC VARCHAR2(13)) ;
CREATE TABLE region(
ID number(2) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
postcode number(6) default '0' NOT NULL,
areaname varchar2(30) default ' ' NOT NULL);
3、修改表
a、添加列
alter table student add(addr nvarchar2(50));
b、删除列
alter table student drop(addr);
c、修改列
alter table student modify(addr nvarchar2(100));
4、备份表
create table emp2
as
select * from emp;
5、删除用户和用户对应的数据
DROP USER user_name CASCADE;
6、删除表空间和表空间数据文件
drop tablespace space_name including contents and datafiles;
7、导入导出
--导出
imp userid=cjwms/cjwms@orcl fromuser=cjwms file='F:\oradata\TGRUNWMS\TGRUNWMS.dmp' log=TGRUNWMS151026.log
exp cjwms/cjwms@orcl file=E:\cjwms20151026.dmp log=E:\cjwms20151026.log
---数据泵远程导出
impdp cjwms/cjwms@orcl DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=TGRUNWMS.dmp REMAP_SCHEMA=cjwms:cjwms ignore=n
expdp anli/anli@orcl directory=dmpdir schemas=anli dumpfile=anli20150903.dmp logfile=anli20150903.log version=11.1.0.6.0
--创建用户
create user wangcai identified by wangcai
default tablespace users
quota 10m on users;
--分配权限
grant create session ,create table,create view to wangcai;
--导入
A.将数据文件考入两个路径中
a.D:\app\Administrator\oradata\oracle
b.D:\app\Administrator\admin\oracle\dpdump
B.创建表空间,创建用户HPFWMS授权
控制台下SQL
create tablespace CRVTMS datafile 'E:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\CRVTMS.DMP'SIZE 100M
REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 2048K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED LOGGING EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE
MANAGEMENT AUTO;
C.创建用户并授权
CREATE USER CRVTMS IDENTIFIED BY HPFWMS DEFAULT TABLESPACE CRVTMS ;
GRANT CONNECT,RESOURCE,DBA TO CRVTMS
D.导入数据文件
impdp CRVTMS /CRVTMS dumpfile=CRVTMS .DMP
=======================分割线==============================================
44、回滚
rollback;
45、查询某个表的约束
select constraint_name from all_constraints
where table_name='STUDENT' and owner='WANGCAI';
select constraint_name from user_constraints;
46、创建索引
create index index_student_email on student(email);
select index_name from user_indexes;
查询有哪些索引
select * from user_indexes
查询索引对应的字段
select * from user_ind_columns
47、PL_SQL
a、输出
begin
dbms_output.put_line('''HelloWorld''');
end;
/
b、定义变量
变量声明的规则:
1、变量名不能使用保留字、关键字,如from,select等
2、第一个字符必须是字母
3、变量名最多包含30个字符
4、不要与数据库的表或者列同名
5、每一行只能声明一个变量
常用变量类型:
1、binary_integer:整数，主要用来计数而不是用来表示字段类型
2、number:数字类型
3、char:定长字符串
4、varchar2:变长字符串
5、date:日期
6、long:长字符串，最长2GB
7、boolean:布尔类型，可以取值为true,false和null值
注意：bollean类型不能直接打印输出
declare
v_name varchar2(20);
v_age number(2);
v_sex varchar2(2):='男';
begin
v_name:='d';
v_age:=12;
dbms_output.put_line(v_name);
dbms_output.put_line(v_age);
dbms_output.put_line(v_sex);
end;
declare
v_temp number(1);
v_count binary_integer :=0;
v_sal number(7,2) := 4000.00;
v_date date := sysdate;
v_pi constant number(3,2) := 3.14;
v_valid boolean := false;
v_name varchar2(20) not null := 'zhangsan';
begin
dbms_output.put_line('v_temp value:'|| v_temp);
dbms_output.put_line('v_count value:'|| v_count);
end;
c、捕捉异常
declare
v_num number :=0;
begin
v_num := 2/v_num;
dbms_output.put_line(v_num);
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line('no_data_found ');
when others then
dbms_output.put_line('error');
end;
d、table,相当于数组(了解)
declare
type type_table_emp_empno is table of emp.empno%type index by binary_integer
v_empnos type_table_emp_empno;
begin
v_empnos(0):=1234;
v_empnos(-1):=45;
v_empnos(-2):=1212;
v_empnos(2):=34;
dbms_output.put_line( v_empnos(0));
dbms_output.put_line( v_empnos(-1));
dbms_output.put_line( v_empnos(-2));
dbms_output.put_line( v_empnos(2));
end;
e、record,相当于类
declare
type type_record_dept is record
(
deptno dept.deptno%type,
dname dept.dname%type,
loc dept.loc%type
);
v_temp type_record_dept;
begin
v_temp.deptno:=50;
v_temp.dname:='abc';
v_temp.loc :='china';
dbms_output.put_line(v_temp.deptno||' '||v_temp.dname||' '||v_temp.loc);
end;
f、使用rowtype声明record变量
declare
v_temp dept%rowtype;
begin
v_temp.deptno:=50;
v_temp.dname:='abc';
v_temp.loc :='china';
dbms_output.put_line(v_temp.deptno||' '||v_temp.dname||' '||v_temp.loc);
end;
g、变量的定义及通过查询赋值
必须唯一赋值，查询结果不能为null
declare
v_ename emp.ename%type;
v_sal emp.sal%type;
begin
select ename,sal into v_ename,v_sal from emp
where empno = 7369;
dbms_output.put_line(v_ename||' '||v_sal);
end;
h、使用rowtype声明record变量及通过查询赋值
declare
v_emp emp%rowtype;
begin
select * into v_emp from emp where empno=7369;
dbms_output.put_line(v_emp.ename||' '||v_emp.empno);
end;
i、查询受影响的行数
只有修改数据的时候才有意义
begin
delete from emp2;
dbms_output.put_line(sql%rowcount||'受影响');
end;
j、在pl_sql里使用create时使用execute immediate
begin
execute immediate 'create table b(name nvarchar2(10) default ''abc'')';
end;
k、选择结构
declare
v_sal emp.sal%type;
begin
select sal into v_sal from emp where empno = 7369;
if(v_sal<1000) then
dbms_output.put_line('苦逼');
elsif(v_sal<8000) then
dbms_output.put_line('屌丝');
else
dbms_output.put_line('高大上');
end if;
end;
L、循环结构
1、类似java中的do while
declare
i binary_integer:=1;
begin
loop
dbms_output.put_line(i);
i:=i+1;
exit when(i>=10);
end loop;
end;
2、类似java中的while
declare
i binary_integer:=1;
begin
while(i<11) loop
dbms_output.put_line(i);
i:=i+1;
end loop;
end;
3、类似java中的for
begin
for i in 100..10 loop
dbms_output.put_line(i);
end loop;
end;
begin
for i in reverse 100..10 loop
dbms_output.put_line(i);
end loop;
end;
m、错误处理
declare
v_temp number(4);
begin
select empno into v_temp from emp where deptno=10;
exception
when too_many_rows then
dbms_output.put_line('太多记录了');
when others then
dbms_output.put_line('error');
end;
declare
v_temp number(4);
begin
select empno into v_temp from emp where empno=1111;
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line('没数据');
when others then
dbms_output.put_line('error');
end;
--创建记录错误的表
create table errorlog
(
id number primary key,
errcode number,
errmsg varchar2(1024),
errdate date
);
--创建序列
create sequence seq_errorlog_id start with 1 increment by 1;
--使用
declare
v_deptno dept.deptno%type := 10;
v_errcode errorlog.errcode%type;
v_errmsg errorlog.errmsg%type;
v_errdate errorlog.errdate%type;
begin
delete from dept where deptno = v_deptno;
commit;
exception
when others then
rollback;
v_errcode := sqlcode;
v_errmsg := sqlerrm;
v_errdate := sysdate;
insert into errorlog values
(seq_errorlog_id.nextval,v_errcode,v_errmsg,v_errdate);
commit;
end;
n、游标
游标的属性:
set serveroutput on;
declare
cursor c is select * from emp;
v_emp c%rowtype;
begin
open c;
fetch c into v_emp;
dbms_output.put_line(v_emp.empno||' '||v_emp.ename);
close c;
end;
declare
cursor c is select * from emp;
v_emp c%rowtype;
begin
open c;
loop
fetch c into v_emp;
exit when(c%notfound);
dbms_output.put_line(v_emp.empno||' '||v_emp.ename);
end loop;
close c;
end;
declare
cursor c is select * from emp;
v_emp c%rowtype;
begin
open c;
fetch c into v_emp;
while(c%found) loop
dbms_output.put_line(v_emp.empno||' '||v_emp.ename);
fetch c into v_emp;
end loop;
close c;
end;
declare
cursor c is select * from emp;
--v_emp%rowtype --不用声明
begin
for v_emp in c loop
dbms_output.put_line(v_emp.empno||' '||v_emp.ename);
end loop;
end;
--带参数的游标
declare
cursor c(v_deptno emp.deptno%type,v_job emp.job%type) is
select ename,sal from emp where deptno = v_deptno and job = v_jo
begin
for v_temp in c(30,'SALESMAN') loop
dbms_output.put_line(v_temp.sal||' '||v_temp.ename);
end loop;
end;
--可更改的游标(不常用)
declare
cursor c is select * from emp2 for update;
begin
for v_temp in c loop
if(v_temp.sal<2000) then
update emp2 set sal = sal*2 where current of c;
elsif(v_temp.sal=5000) then
delete from emp2 where current of c;
end if;
end loop;
commit;
end;
--引用游标
declare
type ref_cursor is ref cursor; --定义引用游标类型
c ref_cursor; --定义变量
v_deptno emp.deptno%type;
v_ename emp.ename%type;
v_sal emp.sal%type;
begin
v_deptno:=10; --为变量赋值
open c for select ename,sal from emp where deptno = v_deptno;--将游标指向集
合
loop --循环
fetch c into v_ename,v_sal;
exit when(c%notfound);
dbms_output.put_line(v_ename||':'||v_sal);
end loop;
close c;
end;
/
o、存储过程
--创建无参数存储过程
create or replace procedure p
is
cursor c is select * from emp2 for update;
begin
for v_emp in c loop
if(v_temp.deptno=10) then
update emp2 set sal=sal+10 where current of c;
elsif(v_temp.deptno=20) then
update emp2 set sal=sal+20 where current of c;
else
update emp2 set sal=sal+30 where current of c;
end if;
end loop;
commit;
end;
--执行1
exec p;
--执行2
begin
p;
end;
--显示错误
show error;
--创建带参数的存储过程
create or replace procedure p
(v_a in number,v_b number,v_ret out number,v_temp in out number)
is
begin
if(v_a > v_b) then
v_ret := v_a;
else
v_ret := v_b;
end if;
v_temp := v_temp+1;
end;
--执行
declare
v_a number := 10;
v_b number := 100;
v_ret number;
v_temp number := 1;
begin
p(v_a,v_b,v_ret,v_temp);
dbms_output.put_line(v_ret);
dbms_output.put_line(v_temp);
end;
p、函数
create or replace function 名字(
参数1 类型,
参数2 类型
)
return number
is
变量1 类型;
变量2 类型;
begin
exception
end;
--创建函数
create or replace function sal_tax
(v_sal number)
return number
is
begin
if(v_sal < 2000) then
return 0.1;
elsif(v_sal < 2750) then
return 0.15;
else
return 0.20;
end if;
end;
--调用函数
select lower(ename),sal_tax(sal) from emp;
--创建函数
create or replace function f_1(
v_empno number
)
return number
is
v_sal emp.sal%type;
begin
select sal into v_sal from emp where empno = v_empno;
return v_sal;
end;
--调用函数
select empno,f_1(empno) from emp;
q、触发器
参考网址：http://blog.csdn.net/indexman/article/details/8023740/
create or replace trigger trig
after insert or delete or update on emp2
--before insert or delete or update on emp2
--after insert or delete or update on emp2 for each row
begin
if inserting then
dbms_output.put_line('insertint......');
elsif updating then
dbms_output.put_line('updating......');
elsif deleting then
dbms_output.put_line('deleting......');
end if;
end;
create table emp2_log
(
uname nvarchar2(50),
action varchar2(50),
time date
)
create or replace trigger trig
after insert or delete or update on emp2 for each row
begin
if inserting then
insert into emp2_log values(user,'insert',sysdate);
elsif updating then
insert into emp2_log values(user,'update',sysdate);
elsif deleting then
insert into emp2_log values(user,'delete',sysdate);
end if;
end;
--建立一个触发器, 当职工表 emp2 表被删除一条记录时，把被删除记录写到职工表删除日志表中去。
create table emp_log
as
select * from emp2 where 1=2;
select * from emp_log;
create or replace trigger t_1
before delete on emp2 for each row
begin
insert into emp_log(deptno,empno,ename,job,mgr,sal,comm,hiredate )
values(:old.deptno,:old.empno,:old.ename,:old.job,:old.mgr,:old.sal,:old.comm,:old.hiredate );
end;
/
select * from emp2;
delete from emp2;
--建立一个触发器，修改dept2中编号10修改成11的之后，emp2引用的10也修改成11
create or replace trigger t_2
after update of deptno on dept2 for each row
begin
update emp2 set deptno = :new.deptno where deptno = :old.deptno;
end;
/
update dept2
set deptno = 11
where deptno = 10;
select * from emp2;
select * from dept2;
--包
包用于在逻辑上组合过程和函数和游标，它由包规范和包体两部分组成
--创建包头
create or replace package p1
is
procedure pro(v_empno in number,v_sal out number);
function fun(v_empno number) return number;
end;
/
--创建包体
create or replace package body p1
is
procedure pro(v_empno in number,v_sal out number)
is
begin
select sal into v_sal from emp where empno = v_empno;
end;
function fun(v_empno number) return number
is
v_sal emp.sal%type;
begin
select sal into v_sal from emp where empno = v_empno;
return v_sal;
end;
end;
/
--调用包里的存储过程,"包名.过程的名字"
declare
v_empno emp.empno%type;
v_sal emp.sal%type;
begin
v_empno:=7566;
p1.pro(v_empno,v_sal);
dbms_output.put_line('v_sal:'||v_sal);
end;
/
--调用包里的函数，"包名.函数名"
declare
v_empno emp.empno%type;
v_sal emp.sal%type;
begin
v_empno:=7566;
v_sal:=p1.fun(v_empno);
dbms_output.put_line('v_sal:'||v_sal);
end;
/
/****************创建存储过程，将引用型游标作为输出类型案例*****************/
--创建包头
create or replace package p2 is
type ref_cursor is ref cursor; --引用游标类型
end;
/
--创建过程
create or replace procedure p(
v_deptno in number,
v_c out p2.ref_cursor
)
is
begin
open v_c for select ename,sal from emp where deptno = v_deptno;
end;
/
--调用测试
declare
v_deptno emp.deptno%type:=10;
v_c p2.ref_cursor;
v_ename emp.ename%type;
v_sal emp.sal%type;
begin
p(v_deptno,v_c);
fetch v_c into v_ename,v_sal;
dbms_output.put_line(v_ename||':'||v_sal);
end;
/
/***分页的存储过程***/
--创建包头
create or replace package package_page is
type ref_cursor is ref cursor; --引用游标类型
end;
/
--创建存储过程
create or replace procedure proc_page(
v_pageNow number, --当前页码
v_pageSize number, --每页显示的条数
v_pageResource varchar2, --查询的内容
v_pageCount out number, --总页数
v_pagRows out number, --总记录数
v_c out package_page.ref_cursor --每页显示的数据集
)
is
v_lt number(20); --小于的值
v_mt number(20); --大于的值
begin
/*计算总记录数*/
execute immediate 'select count(*) from ('|| v_pageResource ||')' into v_pagRows;
/*根据总记录数和每页显示的条数可以计算出总页数*/
v_pageCount := ceil(v_pagRows/v_pageSize);
/*计算小于和大于*/
v_lt := v_pageNow*v_pageSize+1;
v_mt := (v_pageNow-1)*v_pageSize;
/*求数据集*/
open v_c for 'select * from(select t.*,rownum rn from('
||v_pageResource||') t where rownum<'
||v_lt||') where rn>'||v_mt;
end;
/
