本文主要分享的是云计算、openstack的使用、私有云平台建设、云服务器云硬盘的构建和使用。从基本概念入手到私有云建设,信息量非常大。对于openstack的安装部署都是从官方文档中一步步的介绍,内容非常详细。
一、云计算 基本概念
云计算(cloud computing)是基于互联网的相关服务的增加、使用和交付模式,通常涉及通过互联网来提供动态易扩展且经常是虚拟化的资源。云是网络、互联网的一种比喻说法。过去在图中往往用云来表示电信网,后来也用来表示互联网和底层基础设施的抽象。因此,云计算甚至可以让你体验每秒10万亿次的运算能力,拥有这么强大的计算能力可以模拟核爆炸、预测气候变化和市场发展趋势。用户通过电脑、笔记本、手机等方式接入数据中心,按自己的需求进行运算。
云计算分类
简单来说,就是把应用程序和数据都放在由大量服务器组成的云中,用户需要什么只要购买相应服务并使用即可。
云计算分为私有云、公有云、混合云。
云计算的服务分类:基础设施即服务、平台即服务、软件即服务。
- 超大规模。“云”具有相当的规模,Google云计算已经拥有100多万台服务器,亚马逊、IBM、微软和Yahoo等公司的“云”均拥有几十万台服务器。“云”能赋予用户前所未有的计算能力。
- 虚拟化。云计算支持用户在任意位置使用各种终端获取服务。所请求的资源来自“云”,而不是固定的有形的实体。应用在“云”中某处运行,但实际上用户无需了解应用运行的具体位置,只需要一台笔记本或一个PDA,就可以通过网络服务来获取各种能力超强的服务。
- 高可靠性。“云”使用了数据多副本容错、计算节点同构可互换等措施来保障服务的高可靠性,使用云计算比使用本地计算机更加可靠。
- 通用性。云计算不针对特定的应用,在“云”的支撑下可以构造出于变万化的应用,同一片“云”可以同时支撑不同的应用运行。
- 高可伸缩性。“云”的规模可以动态伸缩,满足应用和用户规模增长的需要。
- 按需服务。“云”是一个庞大的资源池,用户按需购买,像自来水、电和煤气那样计费。
- 极其廉价。“云”的特殊容错措施使得可以采用极其廉价的节点来构成云;“云”的自动化管理使数据中心管理成本大幅降低;“云”的公用性和通用性使资源的利用率大幅提升;“云”设施可以建在电力资源丰富的地区,从而大幅降低能源成本。
二、Openstack基本概念
OpenStack是一个开源的云计算管理平台项目,由几个主要的组件组合起来完成
具体工作。OpenStack支持几乎所有类型的云环境,项目目标是提供实施简单、
可大规模扩展、丰富、标准统一的云计算管理平台。OpenStack通过各种互补的
服务提供了基础设施即服务(IaaS)的解决方案,每个服务提供API以进行集成。
常见组件:
- Dashboard(web项目)
- Keystone(权限管理)
- Nova(管理虚拟机)
- Nova-network(管理网络流量和ip)
- Glance(镜像管理项目)
- Cinder(磁盘管理)
- Swift(网盘,对象)
基础的系统图
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/444f4b43ce99faf47fb56b733d5c28f5.png)
Openstack安装部署
下面来说一说openstack的安装部署。首先说明openstack的整体安装非常复杂,文末提供官方安装文档下载,我就是根据这个英文的官方文档来安装部署的。以下内容是参照官方文档“openstack-install-guide-yum-icehouse.pdf”来的。
首先需要准备3台linux的机器。我这里选用的是centos6.6的64位的系统。配置IP地址,关闭防火墙,修改主机名。
• Controller Node: 1 processor, 2 GB memory, and 5 GB storage
• Compute01: 1 processor, 512 MB memory, and 5 GB storage
• Compute02 Node: 1 processor, 2 GB memory, and 10 GB storage
我这里controller的ip地址是:192.168.44.147
computer01:192.168.44.148
computer02:192.168.44.149
基本环境配置
以下内容是在controller机器上配置的。
1、数据库安装。
因为需要一个数据库,所以这里选用了mysql数据库。
1 | yum install mysql mysql-server MySQL-python |
编辑/etc/my.cnf文件,在里面添加如下内容,主要意思就是设置编码为utf-8。
1 2 3 4 5 | default-storage-engine = innodb innodb_file_per_table collation-server = utf8_general_ci init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8' character- set -server = utf8 |
然后启动服务,开机启动。
1 2 3 4 | # service mysqld start # chkconfig mysqld on # mysql_install_db # mysql_secure_installation |
赋权,使其可以远程登录。
1 | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root' @ '%' IDENTIFIED BY 'a' ; |
2、openstack基本包安装。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | # yum install yum-plugin-priorities # yum install http://repos.fedorapeople.org/repos/openstack/openstackicehouse/rdo-release-icehouse-3.noarch.rpm # yum install http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8. noarch.rpm # yum install openstack-utils # yum install openstack-selinux |
3、安装消息队列
1 | yum install qpid-cpp-server |
启动服务
1 2 | service qpidd start chkconfig qpidd on |
权限认证服务(keystone)
安装权限认证服务:
1 | yum install openstack-keystone python-keystoneclient -y |
创建用户,写入到配置文件中:
1 2 | openstack-config -- set /etc/keystone/keystone .conf \ database connection mysql: //keystone :KEYSTONE_DBPASS@controller /keystone |
创建keystone数据库表:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | $ mysql -u root -p mysql> CREATE DATABASE keystone; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone' @ 'localhost' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS' ; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone' @ '%' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS' ; mysql> exit |
自动生成表:
1 | su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone |
设置用户环境变量:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | ADMIN_TOKEN=$(openssl rand -hex 10) echo $ADMIN_TOKEN openstack-config -- set /etc/keystone/keystone .conf DEFAULT \ admin_token $ADMIN_TOKEN # keystone-manage pki_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone # chown -R keystone:keystone /etc/keystone/ssl # chmod -R o-rwx /etc/keystone/ssl |
启动keystone服务:
1 2 | service openstack-keystone start chkconfig openstack-keystone on |
将admin_token设置到环境变量中去。
1 2 | export OS_SERVICE_TOKEN=$ADMIN_TOKEN export OS_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=http: //controller :35357 /v2 .0 |
创建管理员用户,默认的用户名为admin,密码为ADMIN_PASS,你可以自定义修改:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 | [root@controller keystone] # keystone user-create --name=admin --pass=ADMIN_PASS --email=ADMIN_EMAIL +----------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +----------+----------------------------------+ | email | ADMIN_EMAIL| | enabled | True | | id | 332f5ecb18c64bf687b154facd629fb6 | | name | admin | | username | admin | +----------+----------------------------------+ [root@controller keystone] # keystone role-create --name=admin +----------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +----------+----------------------------------+ | id | ab5da2c50d7443efb0514e84c2b4adb7 | | name | admin | +----------+----------------------------------+ [root@controller keystone] # keystone tenant-create --name=admin --description="Admin Tenant" +-------------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------+ | description | Admin Tenant | | enabled | True | | id | b89723a38b154eeea6416a83b293b0ad | | name| admin | +-------------+----------------------------------+ [root@controller keystone] # keystone user-role-add --user=admin --tenant=admin --role=admin [root@controller keystone] # keystone user-role-add --user=admin --role=_member_ --tenant=admin [root@controller keystone] # |
创建一个权限认证服务,因为我这里的主机名是controller,所以下面有 http://controller:35357/v2.0 这些信息,可以自定义修改:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 | [root@controller keystone] # keystone service-create --name=keystone --type=identity \ > --description= "OpenStack Identity" +-------------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------+ | description |OpenStack Identity| | enabled | True | | id | 4bfd5f39b86c45edb92d5c0488987dd8 | | name| keystone | | type | identity | +-------------+----------------------------------+ [root@controller keystone] # keystone endpoint-create \ > --service- id =$(keystone service-list | awk '/ identity / {print $2}' ) \ > --publicurl=http: //controller :5000 /v2 .0 \ > --internalurl=http: //controller :5000 /v2 .0 \ > --adminurl=http: //controller :35357 /v2 .0 +-------------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------+ | adminurl | http: //controller :35357 /v2 .0 | | id | 0350b72901a141498fe48304b13a1b98 | | internalurl | http: //controller :5000 /v2 .0| | publicurl | http: //controller :5000 /v2 .0| |region |regionOne | | service_id | 4bfd5f39b86c45edb92d5c0488987dd8 | +-------------+----------------------------------+ [root@controller keystone] # keystone user-create --name=demo --pass=DEMO_PASS --email=DEMO_EMAIL +----------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +----------+----------------------------------+ | email |DEMO_EMAIL| | enabled | True | | id | b44a9a1462d74f4e928b3b339289a2ae | | name | demo | | username | demo | +----------+----------------------------------+ [root@controller keystone] # keystone tenant-create --name=demo --description="Demo Tenant" +-------------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------+ | description | Demo Tenant| | enabled | True | | id | 7bd79509ee184a2098ca0644679b60a8 | | name| demo | +-------------+----------------------------------+ [root@controller keystone] # keystone user-role-add --user=demo --role=_member_ --tenant=demo [root@controller keystone] # |
为了方便我们取到token,我们可以vi admin-openrc.sh,然后添加如下内容:
1 2 3 4 | export OS_USERNAME=admin export OS_PASSWORD=ADMIN_PASS export OS_TENANT_NAME=admin export OS_AUTH_URL=http: //controller :35357 /v2 .0 |
在每次关机重启之后都要重新执行下面的命令,让环境变量起作用。否则会报”Expecting an auth URL via either –os-auth-url or env[OS_AUTH_URL]”的错误:
我们可以使用下面的命令查看keystone目前的用户有哪些:
测试效果:
打开restclient-ui-3.5-jar-with-dependencies.jar来测试效果:
url地址是: http://192.168.44.147:5000/v2.0/
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/3edeb8ce0502c4c8a7d4f9382bd9de82.png)
访问成功。
配置镜像服务(glance)
在controller服务器中安装服务:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | yum install openstack-glance python-glanceclient openstack-config -- set /etc/glance/glance-api .conf database \ connection mysql: //glance :GLANCE_DBPASS@controller /glance openstack-config -- set /etc/glance/glance-registry .conf database \ connection mysql: //glance :GLANCE_DBPASS@controller /glance |
在mysql数据库中创建glance数据库:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | $ mysql -u root -p mysql> CREATE DATABASE glance; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance' @ 'localhost' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS' ; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance' @ '%' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS' ; flush privileges; |
自动生成表:
1 | su -s /bin/sh -c "glance-manage db_sync" glance |
在keystone上创建用户:
1 2 | keystone user-create --name=glance --pass=GLANCE_PASS --email=glance@example.com $ keystone user-role-add --user=glance --tenant=service --role=admin |
配置授权服务:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 | openstack-config -- set /etc/glance/glance-api .conf keystone_authtoken \ auth_uri http: //controller :5000 openstack-config -- set /etc/glance/glance-api .conf keystone_authtoken \ auth_host controller openstack-config -- set /etc/glance/glance-api .conf keystone_authtoken \ auth_port 35357 openstack-config -- set /etc/glance/glance-api .conf keystone_authtoken \ auth_protocol http openstack-config -- set /etc/glance/glance-api .conf keystone_authtoken \ admin_tenant_name service openstack-config -- set /etc/glance/glance-api .conf keystone_authtoken \ admin_user glance openstack-config -- set /etc/glance/glance-api .conf keystone_authtoken \ admin_password GLANCE_PASS openstack-config -- set /etc/glance/glance-api .conf paste_deploy \ flavor keystone openstack-config -- set /etc/glance/glance-registry .conf keystone_authtoken \ auth_uri http: //controller :5000 openstack-config -- set /etc/glance/glance-registry .conf keystone_authtoken \ auth_host controller openstack-config -- set /etc/glance/glance-registry .conf keystone_authtoken \ auth_port 35357 openstack-config -- set /etc/glance/glance-registry .conf keystone_authtoken \ auth_protocol http openstack-config -- set /etc/glance/glance-registry .conf keystone_authtoken \ admin_tenant_name service openstack-config -- set /etc/glance/glance-registry .conf keystone_authtoken \ admin_user glance openstack-config -- set /etc/glance/glance-registry .conf keystone_authtoken \ admin_password GLANCE_PASS openstack-config -- set /etc/glance/glance-registry .conf paste_deploy \ flavor keystone |
启动服务:
1 2 3 4 | service openstack-glance-api start # service openstack-glance-registry start # chkconfig openstack-glance-api on # chkconfig openstack-glance-registry on |
创建服务:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 | $ keystone service-create --name=glance -- type =image \ --description= "OpenStack Image Service" $ keystone endpoint-create \ --service- id =$(keystone service-list | awk '/ image / {print $2}' ) \ --publicurl=http: //controller :9292 \ --internalurl=http: //controller :9292 \ --adminurl=http: //controller :9292 [root@controller ~] # keystone service-create --name=glance --type=image \ > --description= "OpenStack Image Service" /usr/lib64/python2 .6 /site-packages/Crypto/Util/number .py:57: PowmInsecureWarning: Not using mpz_powm_sec. You should rebuild using libgmp >= 5 to avoid timing attack vulnerability. _warn( "Not using mpz_powm_sec. You should rebuild using libgmp >= 5 to avoid timing attack vulnerability." , PowmInsecureWarning) +-------------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------+ | description | OpenStack Image Service | | enabled | True | | id | a45f77cfc12c42d19a45a6ea12cdfc51 | | name| glance | | type | image | +-------------+----------------------------------+ [root@controller ~] # keystone endpoint-create \ > --service- id =$(keystone service-list | awk '/ image / {print $2}' ) \ > --publicurl=http: //controller :9292 \ > --internalurl=http: //controller :9292 \ > --adminurl=http: //controller :9292 +-------------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------+ | adminurl | http: //controller :9292 | | id | 75deb2d2f85e4b7b88fe18bf5fca1a87 | | internalurl | http: //controller :9292 | | publicurl | http: //controller :9292 | |region |regionOne | | service_id | a45f77cfc12c42d19a45a6ea12cdfc51 | +-------------+----------------------------------+ |
创建镜像,先将下载好的cirros-0.3.2-x86_64-disk.img放置在/root目录下,然后执行下面的命令:
复制代码 代码如下:
glance image-create --name "cirros-0.3.2-x86_64" --disk-format qcow2 \
--container-format bare --is-public True --progress < cirros-0.3.2-x86_64-disk.img
查看镜像列表:
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/ce6dbde987897a836f441b45288d3f0b.png)
在前面我们已经对kvm虚拟化有所了解,所以我们现在知道qcow2就是一个镜像文件。
服务器管理(Nova)
对于虚拟机管理我们需要从controller和computer01进行配置。
先来看controller的配置:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 | yum install openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-cert openstack-nova-conductor \ openstack-nova-console openstack-nova-novncproxy openstack-nova-scheduler \ python-novaclient $ mysql -u root -p mysql> CREATE DATABASE nova; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova' @ 'localhost' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS' ; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova' @ '%' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS' ; openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf database connection mysql: //nova :NOVA_DBPASS@controller /nova openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf DEFAULT rpc_backend qpid openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf DEFAULT qpid_hostname controller openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf DEFAULT my_ip 192.168.44.147 openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf DEFAULT vncserver_listen 192.168.216.210 openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf DEFAULT vncserver_proxyclient_address 192.168.44.147 openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf DEFAULT auth_strategy keystone openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http: //controller :5000 openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf keystone_authtoken auth_host controller openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf keystone_authtoken auth_protocol http openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf keystone_authtoken auth_port 35357 openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf keystone_authtoken admin_user nova openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf keystone_authtoken admin_tenant_name service openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf keystone_authtoken admin_password NOVA_PASS $ keystone user-create --name=nova --pass=NOVA_PASS --email=nova@example.com $ keystone user-role-add --user=nova --tenant=service --role=admin $ keystone service-create --name=nova -- type =compute \ --description= "OpenStack Compute" $ keystone endpoint-create \ --service- id =$(keystone service-list | awk '/ compute / {print $2}' ) \ --publicurl=http: //controller :8774 /v2/ %\(tenant_id\)s \ --internalurl=http: //controller :8774 /v2/ %\(tenant_id\)s \ --adminurl=http: //controller :8774 /v2/ %\(tenant_id\)s |
然后是computer01的配置:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 | yum install openstack-nova-compute openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf database connection mysql: //nova :NOVA_DBPASS@controller /nova openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf DEFAULT auth_strategy keystone openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http: //controller :5000 openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf keystone_authtoken auth_host controller openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf keystone_authtoken auth_protocol http openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf keystone_authtoken auth_port 35357 openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf keystone_authtoken admin_user nova openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf keystone_authtoken admin_tenant_name service openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf keystone_authtoken admin_password NOVA_PASS openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf DEFAULT rpc_backend qpid openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf DEFAULT qpid_hostname controller openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf DEFAULT my_ip 192.168.44.148 openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf DEFAULT vnc_enabled True openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf DEFAULT vncserver_listen 0.0.0.0 openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf DEFAULT vncserver_proxyclient_address 192.168.44.148 openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf DEFAULT novncproxy_base_url http: //controller :6080 /vnc_auto .html openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf DEFAULT glance_host controller openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf libvirt virt_type kvm |
启动服务:
1 2 3 4 5 6 | service libvirtd start service messagebus start service openstack-nova-compute start chkconfig libvirtd on chkconfig messagebus on chkconfig openstack-nova-compute on |
网络服务配置
在controller端:
1 2 3 4 5 | openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf DEFAULT \ network_api_class nova.network.api.API openstack-config -- set /etc/nova/nova .conf DEFAULT \ security_group_api nova |
在computer01端:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 | yum install openstack-nova-network openstack-nova-api # openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT \ network_api_class nova.network.api.API # openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT \ security_group_api nova # openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT \ network_manager nova.network.manager.FlatDHCPManager # openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT \ firewall_driver nova.virt.libvirt.firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver # openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT \ network_size 254 # openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT \ allow_same_net_traffic False # openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT \ multi_host True # openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT \ send_arp_for_ha True # openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT \ share_dhcp_address True # openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT \ force_dhcp_release True # openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT \ flat_network_bridge br100 # openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT \ flat_interface eth1 # openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT \ public_interface eth0 |
nova network-create demo-net –bridge br100 –multi-host T \
–fixed-range-v4 88.8.8.16/28
然后使用nova net-list来查看:
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/3c814d85432628628d9523c94e92c486.png)
创建虚拟机
1、配置ssh密码登录:
2、增加公钥到openstack环境中:
1 | nova keypair-add --pub-key ~/. ssh /id_rsa .pub demo-key |
3、验证是否配置成功:
1 2 3 | nova keypair-list nova flavor-list |
4、创建实例:
复制代码 代码如下:
nova boot --flavor m1.tiny --image cirros-0.3.2-x86_64 --nic netid=DEMO_NET_ID\
--security-group default --key-name demo-key demo-instance1
说明:
DEMO_NET_ID:指的是nova net-list的ID。
demo-instance1指的是虚拟机的名字。
例如我的成功执行如下:
nova boot --flavor m1.tiny --image cirros-0.3.2-x86_64 --nic net-id=55fc305f-570f-4d4f-89d0-ce303e589f20 \
--security-group default --key-name demo-key tfjt
5、使用nova list进行查看。
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/53f5d6b3dd1918571c0ba6e638b73f4a.png)
从这里我们看到我这上面有一个ip地址192.168.44.17.这个地址就是浮动IP。
6、配置浮动IP
浮动ip
1 | nova-manage floating create --ip_range=192.168.44.16 /28 |
查看可用地址
1 | nova-manage floating list |
nova floating-ip-create
给创建的虚拟机绑定浮动ip,这个7bc0086…就是我之前创建的虚拟机的ID。后面接上IP地址即可。
1 | nova add-floating-ip 7bc00086-1870-4367-9f05-666d5067ccff 192.168.44.17 |
监听
cpdump -n -i eth0 icmp
在controller上:
nova secgroup-add-rule default icmp -1 -1 0.0.0.0/0
nova secgroup-add-rule default tcp 22 22 0.0.0.0/0
7、使用下面的命令可以输出一个url地址:
1 | nova get-vnc-console tfjt novnc |
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/5c5e53da35322662eef5c26ff0ee185a.png)
8、我们可以在浏览器中进行访问。
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/c08791ab9529df9cd47692081ecdb866.png)
到这里为止,我们的云服务器就算完成了。可以在浏览器上访问我们的云服务器,怎么样是不是很激动。
界面服务(dashboard)
上面我们可以看到很多操作是在终端进行的,那么肯定是有界面版的,所以我们在computer02中进行配置。
1、安装服务
yum install memcached python-memcached mod_wsgi openstack-dashboard
2、文件配置。
在controller中
配置/etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings。修改为如下内容。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*'] CACHES = { 'default': { 'BACKEND' : 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache', 'LOCATION' : '127.0.0.1:11211' } } OPENSTACK_HOST = "controller" |
3、连接
1 2 3 4 5 6 | setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect on service httpd start # service memcached start # chkconfig httpd on # chkconfig memcached on |
4、浏览器中访问。
1 | http: //192 .168.44.147 /dashboard/project/ |
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/4a290fc1705cac32956b6b371a709128.png)
用户名就是我们之前配置的admin,密码是ADMIN_PASS
在这个界面版里面的各种操作我这里就不细说了,可以自己去体验。
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/aeb84ce47de6acdd882e72f0c52b1df4.png)
在这里可以看到我们的云服务器实例。
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/b8ab500fd24560cb80e1248a62cfd7bb.png)
云硬盘服务(cinder)
了解过阿里云或者腾讯云的就知道,里面都有一个云硬盘服务,可以给我们的机器增加磁盘。
在controller端:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | yum stall openstack-cinde openstack-config -- set /etc/cinder/cinder .conf \ database connection mysql: //cinder :CINDER_DBPASS@controller /cinder mysql> CREATE DATABASE cinder; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON cinder.* TO 'cinder' @ 'localhost' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'CINDER_DBPASS' ; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON cinder.* TO 'cinder' @ '%' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'CINDER_DBPASS' ; |
创建数据库表:
1 | # su -s /bin/sh -c "cinder-manage db sync" cinder |
创建用户并赋予角色:
1 2 | $ keystone user-create --name=cinder --pass=CINDER_PASS--email=cinder@example.com $ keystone user-role-add --user=cinder --tenant=service --role=admin |
权限控制配置:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf DEFAULT \ auth_strategy keystone # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken \ auth_uri http: //controller :5000 # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken \ auth_host controller # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken \ auth_protocol http # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken \ auth_port 35357 # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken \ admin_user cinder # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken \ admin_tenant_name service # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken \ admin_password CINDER_PASS |
消息队列配置:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 | # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf \ DEFAULT rpc_backend qpid # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf \ DEFAULT qpid_hostname controller $ keystone service-create --name=cinder -- type =volume --description= "OpenStack Block Storage" $ keystone endpoint-create \ --service- id =$(keystone service-list | awk '/ volume / {print $2}' ) \ --publicurl=http: //controller :8776 /v1/ %\(tenant_id\)s \ --internalurl=http: //controller :8776 /v1/ %\(tenant_id\)s \ --adminurl=http: //controller :8776 /v1/ %\(tenant_id\)s $ keystone service-create --name=cinderv2 -- type =volumev2 --description= "OpenStack Block Storage v2" $ keystone endpoint-create \ --service- id =$(keystone service-list | awk '/ volumev2 / {print $2}' ) \ --publicurl=http: //controller :8776 /v2/ %\(tenant_id\)s \ --internalurl=http: //controller :8776 /v2/ %\(tenant_id\)s \ --adminurl=http: //controller :8776 /v2/ %\(tenant_id\)s service openstack-cinder-api start # service openstack-cinder-scheduler start # chkconfig openstack-cinder-api on # chkconfig openstack-cinder-scheduler on cinder service-list openstack-config -- set /etc/cinder/cinder .conf \ DEFAULT qpid_hostname controller cinder --debug list keystone user-create --name=cinder --pass=CINDER_PASS --email=cinder@example.com openstack-config -- set /etc/cinder/cinder .conf \ DEFAULT my_ip 192.168.44.147 |
在node端(computer02)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 | pvcreate /dev/sdb # vgcreate cinder-volumes /dev/sdb yum install openstack-cinder scsi-target-utils # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf DEFAULT \ auth_strategy keystone # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken \ auth_uri http: //controller :5000 # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken \ auth_host controller # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken \ auth_protocol http # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken \ auth_port 35357 # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken \ admin_user cinder # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken \ admin_tenant_name service # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken \ admin_password CINDER_PASS # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf \ DEFAULT rpc_backend qpid # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf \ DEFAULT qpid_hostname controller # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf \ database connection mysql: //cinder :CINDER_DBPASS@controller /cinde # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf \ DEFAULT my_ip MANAGEMENT_INTERFACE_IP_ADDRESS # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf \ DEFAULT glance_host controller # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf \ DEFAULT iscsi_helper tgtadm |
配置文件中:
vi /etc/tgt/targets.conf
1 | include /etc/cinder/volumes/* |
启动服务:
1 2 3 4 | # service openstack-cinder-volume start # service tgtd start # chkconfig openstack-cinder-volume on # chkconfig tgtd on |
创建磁盘:
1 | cinder create --display-name myVolume 1 |
查看磁盘列表:
然后再界面端查看云硬盘的配置并进行挂载:
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/55d752a035e2883e39aade7aa8bf8e71.png)
在云服务器上挂载磁盘:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 | $ mkfs.ext3 /dev/vdb1 $ mkdir /mnt/test $ mount /dev/vdb1 /mnt/test $ mount $ fdisk /dev/vdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x64817ea3. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): n Partition type : p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free ) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048): +1G Value out of range. First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048): +512M Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1048576-2097151, default 2097151): Using default value 2097151 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/vdb : 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors /track , 2080 cylinders, total 2097152 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical /physical ): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I /O size (minimum /optimal ): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x64817ea3 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vdb1 1048576 2097151 524288 83 Linux Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re- read partition table. Syncing disks. $ df -h |
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/c41119339b159b636f8d47f3c759c122.png)
总结:整个操作流程非常复杂,我也是花了几天才慢慢搭建好的,这其实也就是个基础,给的其实是一个思路,后面需要怎样的扩展可以根据自己的业务需要进行不同的设置。对于不明白的地方可以查阅官方文档。
转载自:http://www.jb51.net/article/104511.htm