Phonetic Symbols&Rules of Pronunciation

 

          音标 Phonetic Symbols

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1.1元音 

1.1、元音:元音有20个,其中单元音12个,双元音8个。

(1)“短”单元音

[i]

[ə]

[ɔ]

[u]

[ʌ]

[e]

[æ]

(2)“长”单元音

[i:]

[ə:]

[ɔ:]

[u:]

[a:]

(3)双元音

[ei]

[ai]

[ɔi]

[əu]

[au]

[iə]

[eə]/[ɛə]

[uə]

诶ei

唉ai

哦-喂

衣-饿

哎-饿

乌-饿

 

 

 

 

1.2.辅音

1.2、辅音“辅音”28个

 

[p]

[t]

[k]

[f]

[θ]

[S]

[ts]

[tr]

[ʃ]

[tʃ]

[h]

齿

西

 

[b]

[d]

[g]

[v]

[z]

[ð]

[ʒ]

[dʒ]

[dr]

[dz]

 

 

 

 

 

[m]

[n]

[ŋ]

[l]

[r]

[w]

[j]

 

 

 

 

双唇鼻

齿龈鼻

软腭鼻

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

1.3.发音规则Rules of Pronunciation(元音) 

 

 

(1)元音字母重读音节

元音字母

 

读音

例词

音标

 

 

a

 

 

 

在开音节中

[ei]

cake

[keik]

在闭音节中

[æ]

hat

[hæt]

[w]音后

[ɔ]

wash

[wa:nt]

f,n,sk,ph,sp,ss,st,th

[a:]

grasp

[græsp]

e

 

在开音节中

[i:]

Chinese

[ˌtʃaɪˈni:z]

在闭音节中

[e]

desk

[desk]

i

 

 

在开音节中

[ai]

drive

[draiv]

在闭音节中

[i]

milk

[milk]

nd,ld,gh

[ai]

light

[lait]

o

 

 

 

在开音节中

[əu]

hope

[həʊp]

在闭音节中

[ɔ]

clock

[kla:k]

stld

[əu]

postcard

[ˈpəʊstkɑ:d]

m,n,v,th

[ʌ]

monkey

[ˈmʌŋki]

u

 

 

在开音节中

组合[ju:]

student

[ˈstju:dnt]

在辅音字母jlrs

[u:]

June

[dʒu:n]

在闭音节中

[ʌ]

jump

[dʒʌmp]

 

(2)元音字母组合重读音节中的读音

 

元音字母

读音

例词

音标

ai,ay

[ei]

afraid

[əˈfreid]

air

[eə]/[ɛə] -饿

pair

[p(r)]

all,t,w,k,f,m

 

 

[ɔ]

small

[smɔ:l]

[ɔ:l]

salt

[sɔ:lt]

[a:]

calm

[kɑ:m]

au,aw

[ɔ:]

autumn

ɔ:təm]

 

ea

 

 

[i:]

cheap

[tʃi:p]

[e]

heavy

[ˈhevi]

[ei]

break

[brk]

ear

 

 

[iə] -饿

hear

[h(r)]

[eə]/[ɛə] -饿

pear

[p(r)]

[ə:]

learn

[lɜ:n]

ee

[i:]

jeep

[dʒi:p]

eer

[iə] -饿

deer

[dɪə(r)]

ei,ey

 

[ei]

neighbor

['nbə]

[i:]

either

[ˈaɪðə(r)]

ewn,f

组合[ju:]

few

[fju:]

ewl,r,j

[u:]

jewelry

['dʒu:əlrɪ]

ie,ei在辅音后

[i:]

field

[fi:ld]

oa

[əu]

goal

[gəʊl]

oar,oor

[ɔ:]

floor

[flɔ:(r)]

oi,oy

[ɔi] -

noise

[nɔɪz]

oo

 

[u:]

broom

[bru:m]

[u]

cook

[kʊk]

 

ou,ow

 

 

 

[au]

count

[kaʊnt]

[əu]

throw

[θrəʊ]

[ʌ]

young

[jʌŋ]

[u:]

soup

[su:p]

our

 

 

[ɔ:]

course

[kɔ:s]

[au]

hour

aʊə(r)]

[ə:]

Journey

[ˈdʒɜ:ni]

ui在j,l,r,s后

 

组合[ju:i]

suicide

[ˈsu:ɪsaɪd]

[u:]

Juice

[dʒu:s]

 

 

(3)元音字母在非重读音节中的读音。

元音字母

读音

例词

音标

a

 

[ə]

coat

[kəʊt]

[i]

orange

[ˈɒrɪndʒ]

e

 

[ə]

open

[ˈəʊpən]

[i]

begin

[bɪˈgɪn]

i

 

[ə] /[i]

animal

[ˈænɪml]

[ai]

exercise

[ˈeksəsaɪz]

o

 

[ə]

somebody

[ˈsʌmbədi]

[əu]

photo

[ˈfəʊtəʊ]

u

 

[ə]

autumn

[ˈɔ:təm]

组合[ju:]

congratulation

[kənˌgrætʃuˈleɪʃn]

注:1)动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,读[ei]音。例如:operate。

2)如果u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j,l,r,s后面时,读[u(:)]音。

例如:July,infuence,February,issue。

3)在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a,e,i既可以读[ə]音,也可以读作[i]音。

 

 

 

(4)元音字母组合非重读音节中的读音。

元音字母

读音

例词

音标

ai/ay,ei/ey

[i]

monkey

[ˈmʌŋki]

ow

[əu]

yellow

[ˈjeləʊ]

sion,tion

[ʃən]西

nation

[ˈneɪʃn]

sion在元音字母后

[ʒə]

occasion

[əˈkeɪʒn]

tions

[tʃən]

question

[ˈkwestʃən]

sten

[sn]

listen

[ˈlɪsn]

stle

[sl]

whistle

[ˈwɪsl]

sure

[ʒə]

measure

[ˈmeʒə(r)]

ture

[tʃə]

culture

[ˈkʌltʃə(r)]

关于元音字母组合在复合词非重读音节中的发音,应当注意:

1)复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字母组合,仍按重读音节拼读规则来拼读。例如:everyday[ei],handbag[æ],blackboard[ɔ:]。

2)有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音

    

 

发音规则Rules of Pronunciation(辅音)

5)辅音字母发音

辅音字母

读音

例词

音标

b

 

[b]

bed

[bed]

[/]不发音

tomb

[tu:m]

c在e,I,y,o等前

 

[k]

cake

[keɪk]

[s]

cinema

[ˈsɪnəmə]

ch

 

 

[tʃ]

chick

[tʃɪk]

[k]

headache

[ˈhedeɪk]

[ʃ] 西

machine

[məˈʃi:n]

ck

[k]

knock

[nɒk]

d

[d]

bread

[bred]

dge

[dʒ]

fridge

[frɪdʒ]

dr

[dr]

drink

[drɪŋk]

f

[f]

five

[faɪv]

g在e,a,y等前

 

[g]

garden

[ˈgɑ:dn]

[dʒ]

orange

[ˈɒrɪndʒ]

gh

 

[f]

cough

[kɒf]

[/]不发音

high

[haɪ]

gu,gue在非重读音节中

 

[g]

league

[li:g]

[gw]

anguish

[ˈæŋgwɪʃ]

h

 

[h]

hand

[hænd]

[/]不发音

honest

[ˈɒnɪst]

j

[dʒ]

jar

[dʒɑ:(r)]

k

[k]

bike

[baɪk]

kn

[n]

knife

[naɪf]

l

[l]

life

[laɪf]

m

[m]

autumn

[ˈɔ:təm]

mn

[m]

column

[ˈkɒləm]

n

 

[n]

shine

[ʃaɪn]

[ŋ] 软腭鼻

uncle

[ˈʌŋkl]

ng

[ŋ] 软腭鼻

young

[jʌŋ]

p

[p]

plane

[pleɪn]

ph

[f]

elephant

[ˈelɪfənt]

q

[k]

liquid

[ˈlɪkwɪd]

qu

[kw]

quality

[ˈkwɒləti]

r

[r]

rubber

[ˈrʌbə(r)]

s

 

[s]

sleep

[sli:p]

[z]

music

[ˈmju:zɪk]

sc

 

[sk]

scarlet

[ˈskɑ:lət]

[s]

muscle

[ˈmʌsl]

sh

[ʃ] 西

shirt

[ʃɜ:t]

t在通常情况下t在弱读字母ia,ie,io

 

[t]

meet

[mi:t]

[ʃ] 西

patient

[ˈpeɪʃnt]

tch

[tʃ]

watch

[wɒtʃ]

th

 

 

 

[θ] 齿

method

[ˈmeθəd]

[ð]

than

[ðən]

[ð]

weather

[ˈweðə(r)]

tr

[tr]

truck

[trʌk]

v

[v]

leave

[li:v]

w

 

[w]

sweet

[swi:t]

[/]不发音

answer

[ˈɑ:nsə(r)]

wh

wh在字母o

 

[w]

white

[waɪt]

[h]

whole

[həʊl]

X在重读元音后

 

[ks]

exercise

[ˈeksəsaɪz]

[gz]

exact

[ɪgˈzækt]

wr

[r]

write

[raɪt]

y

[j]

yellow

[ˈjeləʊ]

z

[z]

puzzle

[ˈpʌzl]

 

 

 

 
posted @ 2017-06-22 09:17  寻香径  阅读(1142)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报