Phonetic Symbols&Rules of Pronunciation
音标 Phonetic Symbols
1.1元音
1.1、元音:元音有20个,其中单元音12个,双元音8个。
(1)“短”单元音
[i] |
[ə] |
[ɔ] |
[u] |
[ʌ] |
[e] |
[æ] |
衣 |
额 |
哦 |
乌 |
阿 |
哎 |
哎 |
(2)“长”单元音
[i:] |
[ə:] |
[ɔ:] |
[u:] |
[a:] |
衣 |
额 |
哦 |
乌 |
啊 |
(3)双元音
[ei] |
[ai] |
[ɔi] |
[əu] |
[au] |
[iə] |
[eə]/[ɛə] |
[uə] |
诶ei |
唉ai |
哦-喂 |
呕 |
傲 |
衣-饿 |
哎-饿 |
乌-饿 |
1.2.辅音
1.2、辅音“辅音”28个
清
|
[p] |
[t] |
[k] |
[f] |
[θ] |
[S] |
[ts] |
[tr] |
[ʃ] |
[tʃ] |
[h] |
普 |
特 |
克 |
福 |
齿 |
丝 |
次 |
缺 |
西 |
七 |
喝 |
|
浊
|
[b] |
[d] |
[g] |
[v] |
[z] |
[ð] |
[ʒ] |
[dʒ] |
[dr] |
[dz] |
|
不 |
得 |
各 |
呜 |
|
|
衣 |
姬 |
撅 |
自 |
|
|
浊
|
[m] |
[n] |
[ŋ] |
[l] |
[r] |
[w] |
[j] |
|
|
|
|
双唇鼻 |
齿龈鼻 |
软腭鼻 |
|
蕊 |
我 |
呀 |
|
|
|
|
1.3.发音规则Rules of Pronunciation(元音)
(1)元音字母在重读音节中
元音字母 |
|
读音 |
例词 |
音标 |
a
|
在开音节中 |
[ei] 诶 |
cake |
[keik] |
在闭音节中 |
[æ]哎 |
hat |
[hæt] |
|
在[w]音后 |
[ɔ] 哦 |
wash |
[wa:nt] |
|
f,n,sk,ph,sp,ss,st,th前 |
[a:]啊 |
grasp |
[græsp] |
|
e
|
在开音节中 |
[i:]衣 |
Chinese |
[ˌtʃaɪˈni:z] |
在闭音节中 |
[e] 哎 |
desk |
[desk] |
|
i
|
在开音节中 |
[ai] 唉 |
drive |
[draiv] |
在闭音节中 |
[i]衣 |
milk |
[milk] |
|
在nd,ld,gh前 |
[ai] 唉 |
light |
[lait] |
|
o
|
在开音节中 |
[əu]呕 |
hope |
[həʊp] |
在闭音节中 |
[ɔ]哦 |
clock |
[kla:k] |
|
在st,ld前 |
[əu]呕 |
postcard |
[ˈpəʊstkɑ:d] |
|
在m,n,v,th前 |
[ʌ] 阿 |
monkey |
[ˈmʌŋki] |
|
u
|
在开音节中 |
组合[ju:] |
student |
[ˈstju:dnt] |
在辅音字母j,l,r,s后 |
[u:]乌 |
June |
[dʒu:n] |
|
在闭音节中 |
[ʌ] 阿 |
jump |
[dʒʌmp] |
(2)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 |
读音 |
例词 |
音标 |
ai,ay |
[ei] 诶 |
afraid |
[əˈfreid] |
air |
[eə]/[ɛə] 哎-饿 |
pair |
[peə(r)] |
al在l,t,w,k,f,m前
|
[ɔ] 哦 |
small |
[smɔ:l] |
[ɔ:l] |
salt |
[sɔ:lt] |
|
[a:]啊 |
calm |
[kɑ:m] |
|
au,aw |
[ɔ:] 哦 |
autumn |
[ˈɔ:təm] |
ea
|
[i:]衣 |
cheap |
[tʃi:p] |
[e] 哎 |
heavy |
[ˈhevi] |
|
[ei] 诶 |
break |
[breɪk] |
|
ear
|
[iə] 衣-饿 |
hear |
[hiə(r)] |
[eə]/[ɛə] 哎-饿 |
pear |
[peə(r)] |
|
[ə:]额 |
learn |
[lɜ:n] |
|
ee |
[i:]衣 |
jeep |
[dʒi:p] |
eer |
[iə] 衣-饿 |
deer |
[dɪə(r)] |
ei,ey
|
[ei] 诶 |
neighbor |
['neɪbə] |
[i:]衣 |
either |
[ˈaɪðə(r)] |
|
ew在n,f后 |
组合[ju:] |
few |
[fju:] |
ew在l,r,j后 |
[u:] 乌 |
jewelry |
['dʒu:əlrɪ] |
ie,ei在辅音后 |
[i:]衣 |
field |
[fi:ld] |
oa |
[əu]呕 |
goal |
[gəʊl] |
oar,oor |
[ɔ:] 哦 |
floor |
[flɔ:(r)] |
oi,oy |
[ɔi] 哦-喂 |
noise |
[nɔɪz] |
oo
|
[u:] 乌 |
broom |
[bru:m] |
[u] 乌 |
cook |
[kʊk] |
|
ou,ow
|
[au] 傲 |
count |
[kaʊnt] |
[əu]呕 |
throw |
[θrəʊ] |
|
[ʌ] 阿 |
young |
[jʌŋ] |
|
[u:] 乌 |
soup |
[su:p] |
|
our
|
[ɔ:] 哦 |
course |
[kɔ:s] |
[au] 傲 |
hour |
[ˈaʊə(r)] |
|
[ə:]额 |
Journey |
[ˈdʒɜ:ni] |
|
ui在j,l,r,s后
|
组合[ju:i] |
suicide |
[ˈsu:ɪsaɪd] |
[u:]乌 |
Juice |
[dʒu:s] |
(3)元音字母在非重读音节中的读音。
元音字母 |
读音 |
例词 |
音标 |
a
|
[ə] 额 |
coat |
[kəʊt] |
[i]衣 |
orange |
[ˈɒrɪndʒ] |
|
e
|
[ə] 额 |
open |
[ˈəʊpən] |
[i]衣 |
begin |
[bɪˈgɪn] |
|
i
|
[ə] /[i] |
animal |
[ˈænɪml] |
[ai] 唉 |
exercise |
[ˈeksəsaɪz] |
|
o
|
[ə] 额 |
somebody |
[ˈsʌmbədi] |
[əu]呕 |
photo |
[ˈfəʊtəʊ] |
|
u
|
[ə] 额 |
autumn |
[ˈɔ:təm] |
组合[ju:] |
congratulation |
[kənˌgrætʃuˈleɪʃn] |
注:1)动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,读[ei]音。例如:operate。
2)如果u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j,l,r,s后面时,读[u(:)]音。
例如:July,infuence,February,issue。
3)在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a,e,i既可以读[ə]音,也可以读作[i]音。
(4)元音字母组合在非重读音节中的读音。
元音字母 |
读音 |
例词 |
音标 |
ai/ay,ei/ey |
[i]衣 |
monkey |
[ˈmʌŋki] |
ow |
[əu]呕 |
yellow |
[ˈjeləʊ] |
sion,tion |
[ʃən]西 |
nation |
[ˈneɪʃn] |
sion在元音字母后 |
[ʒə]衣 |
occasion |
[əˈkeɪʒn] |
tion在s后 |
[tʃən] |
question |
[ˈkwestʃən] |
sten |
[sn] 丝 |
listen |
[ˈlɪsn] |
stle |
[sl] |
whistle |
[ˈwɪsl] |
sure |
[ʒə]衣 |
measure |
[ˈmeʒə(r)] |
ture |
[tʃə] |
culture |
[ˈkʌltʃə(r)] |
关于元音字母组合在复合词非重读音节中的发音,应当注意:
1)复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字母组合,仍按重读音节拼读规则来拼读。例如:everyday[ei],handbag[æ],blackboard[ɔ:]。
2)有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
发音规则Rules of Pronunciation(辅音)
(5)辅音字母发音
辅音字母 |
读音 |
例词 |
音标 |
b
|
[b]不 |
bed |
[bed] |
[/]不发音 |
tomb |
[tu:m] |
|
c在e,I,y,o等前
|
[k] 克 |
cake |
[keɪk] |
[s] 丝 |
cinema |
[ˈsɪnəmə] |
|
ch
|
[tʃ] 七 |
chick |
[tʃɪk] |
[k] 克 |
headache |
[ˈhedeɪk] |
|
[ʃ] 西 |
machine |
[məˈʃi:n] |
|
ck |
[k] 克 |
knock |
[nɒk] |
d |
[d] 得 |
bread |
[bred] |
dge |
[dʒ]姬 |
fridge |
[frɪdʒ] |
dr |
[dr]撅 |
drink |
[drɪŋk] |
f |
[f] 福 |
five |
[faɪv] |
g在e,a,y等前
|
[g] 各 |
garden |
[ˈgɑ:dn] |
[dʒ]姬 |
orange |
[ˈɒrɪndʒ] |
|
gh
|
[f] 福 |
cough |
[kɒf] |
[/]不发音 |
high |
[haɪ] |
|
gu,gue在非重读音节中
|
[g] 各 |
league |
[li:g] |
[gw] |
anguish |
[ˈæŋgwɪʃ] |
|
h
|
[h] 喝 |
hand |
[hænd] |
[/]不发音 |
honest |
[ˈɒnɪst] |
|
j |
[dʒ]姬 |
jar |
[dʒɑ:(r)] |
k |
[k] 克 |
bike |
[baɪk] |
kn |
[n] |
knife |
[naɪf] |
l |
[l] |
life |
[laɪf] |
m |
[m] |
autumn |
[ˈɔ:təm] |
mn |
[m] |
column |
[ˈkɒləm] |
n
|
[n] |
shine |
[ʃaɪn] |
[ŋ] 软腭鼻 |
uncle |
[ˈʌŋkl] |
|
ng |
[ŋ] 软腭鼻 |
young |
[jʌŋ] |
p |
[p] 普 |
plane |
[pleɪn] |
ph |
[f] 福 |
elephant |
[ˈelɪfənt] |
q |
[k] 克 |
liquid |
[ˈlɪkwɪd] |
qu |
[kw] |
quality |
[ˈkwɒləti] |
r |
[r] |
rubber |
[ˈrʌbə(r)] |
s
|
[s] |
sleep |
[sli:p] |
[z] |
music |
[ˈmju:zɪk] |
|
sc
|
[sk] |
scarlet |
[ˈskɑ:lət] |
[s] |
muscle |
[ˈmʌsl] |
|
sh |
[ʃ] 西 |
shirt |
[ʃɜ:t] |
t在通常情况下t在弱读字母ia,ie,io前
|
[t] |
meet |
[mi:t] |
[ʃ] 西 |
patient |
[ˈpeɪʃnt] |
|
tch |
[tʃ] 七 |
watch |
[wɒtʃ] |
th
|
[θ] 齿 |
method |
[ˈmeθəd] |
[ð] |
than |
[ðən] |
|
[ð] |
weather |
[ˈweðə(r)] |
|
tr |
[tr] 缺 |
truck |
[trʌk] |
v |
[v] 呜 |
leave |
[li:v] |
w
|
[w] 我 |
sweet |
[swi:t] |
[/]不发音 |
answer |
[ˈɑ:nsə(r)] |
|
wh wh在字母o前
|
[w] 我 |
white |
[waɪt] |
[h] 喝 |
whole |
[həʊl] |
|
X在重读元音后
|
[ks] |
exercise |
[ˈeksəsaɪz] |
[gz] |
exact |
[ɪgˈzækt] |
|
wr |
[r] 蕊 |
write |
[raɪt] |
y |
[j]呀 |
yellow |
[ˈjeləʊ] |
z |
[z] |
puzzle |
[ˈpʌzl] |