为什么使用DeferredResult?
API接口需要在指定时间内将异步操作的结果同步返回给前端时;
Controller处理耗时任务,并且需要耗时任务的返回结果时;
当一个请求到达API接口,如果该API接口的return返回值是DeferredResult,在没有超时或者DeferredResult对象设置setResult时,接口不会返回,但是Servlet容器线程会结束,DeferredResult另起线程来进行结果处理(即这种操作提升了服务短时间的吞吐能力),并setResult,如此以来这个请求不会占用服务连接池太久,如果超时或设置setResult,接口会立即返回。
使用DeferredResult的流程:
- 浏览器发起异步请求
- 请求到达服务端被挂起
- 向浏览器进行响应,分为两种情况:
3.1 调用DeferredResult.setResult()
,请求被唤醒,返回结果
3.2 超时,返回一个你设定的结果 - 浏览得到响应,再次重复1,处理此次响应结果
给人一种异步处理业务,但是却同步返回的感觉。
场景
浏览器向A系统发起请求,该请求需要等到B系统(如MQ)给A推送数据时,A才会立刻向浏览器返回数据;
如果指定时间内B未给A推送数据,则返回超时。
Demo代码
接口代码:
/get是调用A系统的接口返回数据;
/result模拟B系统向A推送数据进行setResult。
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import org.springframework.web.context.request.async.DeferredResult; @RestController @RequestMapping(value = "/deferred-result") public class DeferredResultController { @Autowired private DeferredResultService deferredResultService; /** * 为了方便测试,简单模拟一个 * 多个请求用同一个requestId会出问题 */ private final String requestId = "haha"; @GetMapping(value = "/get") public DeferredResult<DeferredResultResponse> get(@RequestParam(value = "timeout", required = false, defaultValue = "10000") Long timeout) { DeferredResult<DeferredResultResponse> deferredResult = new DeferredResult<>(timeout); deferredResultService.process(requestId, deferredResult); return deferredResult; } /** * 设置DeferredResult对象的result属性,模拟异步操作 * @param desired * @return */ @GetMapping(value = "/result") public String settingResult(@RequestParam(value = "desired", required = false, defaultValue = "成功") String desired) { DeferredResultResponse deferredResultResponse = new DeferredResultResponse(); if (DeferredResultResponse.Msg.SUCCESS.getDesc().equals(desired)){ deferredResultResponse.setCode(HttpStatus.OK.value()); deferredResultResponse.setMsg(desired); }else{ deferredResultResponse.setCode(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value()); deferredResultResponse.setMsg(DeferredResultResponse.Msg.FAILED.getDesc()); } deferredResultService.settingResult(requestId, deferredResultResponse); return "Done"; } }
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.web.context.request.async.DeferredResult; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Optional; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; import java.util.function.Consumer; @Service public class DeferredResultService { private Map<String, Consumer<DeferredResultResponse>> taskMap; public DeferredResultService() { taskMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); } /** * 将请求id与setResult映射 * * @param requestId * @param deferredResult */ public void process(String requestId, DeferredResult<DeferredResultResponse> deferredResult) { // 请求超时的回调函数 deferredResult.onTimeout(() -> { taskMap.remove(requestId); DeferredResultResponse deferredResultResponse = new DeferredResultResponse(); deferredResultResponse.setCode(HttpStatus.REQUEST_TIMEOUT.value()); deferredResultResponse.setMsg(DeferredResultResponse.Msg.TIMEOUT.getDesc()); deferredResult.setResult(deferredResultResponse); }); Optional.ofNullable(taskMap) .filter(t -> !t.containsKey(requestId)) .orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("requestId=%s is existing", requestId))); // 这里的Consumer,就相当于是传入的DeferredResult对象的地址 // 所以下面settingResult方法中"taskMap.get(requestId)"就是Controller层创建的对象 taskMap.putIfAbsent(requestId, deferredResult::setResult); } /** * 这里相当于异步的操作方法 * 设置DeferredResult对象的setResult方法 * * @param requestId * @param deferredResultResponse */ public void settingResult(String requestId, DeferredResultResponse deferredResultResponse) { if (taskMap.containsKey(requestId)) { Consumer<DeferredResultResponse> deferredResultResponseConsumer = taskMap.get(requestId); // 这里相当于DeferredResult对象的setResult方法 deferredResultResponseConsumer.accept(deferredResultResponse); taskMap.remove(requestId); } } }
import lombok.Data; import lombok.Getter; @Data public class DeferredResultResponse { private Integer code; private String msg; public enum Msg { TIMEOUT("超时"), FAILED("失败"), SUCCESS("成功"); @Getter private String desc; Msg(String desc) { this.desc = desc; } } }
测试
1. 超时
设置超时时间为8s,会一直阻塞8s,如果超时,返回默认超时的结果
8s过去,没有setResult,返回超时
2. 进行setResult
在阻塞期间调用setResult,我这里模拟的是B系统推送数据给A时抛异常失败的情况,会立刻得到返回结果
参考来源
https://my.oschina.net/ojeta/blog/806087