多个if-else代码:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class EducationalBackgroundTest { private int year = 6; @Test public void normalIfElse(){ if ( year == 6){ System.out.println("小学毕业"); }else if ( year == 9){ System.out.println("初中毕业"); }else if ( year == 12){ System.out.println("高中毕业"); }else { System.out.println("未知学习时间"); } } }
上面只统计了3个学习时间,如果我们要写其他的学习时间就需要继续添加if-else,如果业务很复杂,那么这个代码看起来会很乱,不方便维护;
下面用策略模式和工厂模式优化该if-else;
1. 定义抽象策略角色(接口)
public interface EducationalBackground { void process(); }
2. 编写具体策略角色(实现策略角色接口)
小学毕业策略角色:
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class Primary implements EducationalBackground,InitializingBean { @Override public void process() { System.out.println("小学毕业"); } @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { EducationBackgroundFactory.put(6,this); } }
这里的InitializingBean接口(具体看Spring Bean的生命周期)只有一个方法afterPropertiesSet,实现了该接口的bean初始化会调用这个方法;
再写一个策略角色“初中毕业”:
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class Junior implements EducationalBackground,InitializingBean { @Override public void process() { System.out.println("初中毕业"); } @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { EducationBackgroundFactory.put(9,this); } }
3. 环境角色,内部持有一个策略类的引用
简单工厂模式
import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Optional; public class EducationBackgroundFactory { private static Map<Integer,EducationalBackground> educationMap = new HashMap<>(); private EducationBackgroundFactory(){} private final static EducationalBackground EMPTY = new EmptyDesc(); /** * 将对应年数的学历对象注册到Map中 * @param year * @param educationalBackground */ public static void put(int year,EducationalBackground educationalBackground){ educationMap.put(year,educationalBackground); } /** *获得对应学历对象 * @param year */ public static EducationalBackground get(int year){ EducationalBackground educationalBackground = educationMap.get(year); //没有对应year返回EMPTY return Optional.ofNullable(educationalBackground).orElse(EMPTY); } private static class EmptyDesc implements EducationalBackground{ @Override public void process() { System.out.println("未知的学习时间year"); } } }
测试方法:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class EducationalBackgroundTest { private int year = 6; /** * 设计之后仅需两行代码 */ @Test public void design(){ EducationalBackground educationalBackground = EducationBackgroundFactory.get(year); educationalBackground.process(); } }
有关于year的参数最好是配置在配置文件中,比如项目已上线,只需要修改配置文件中的内容即可修改对应的引用,而不需要修改代码(修改了代码需要发布)!
参考来源: