线程池的使用
工作两年多了，呆过两家公司，但是都没有接触到高并发的内容，所以在此回顾一些线程知识，打好基础，未来遇到的话也可以轻松一些，于是翻出了以前摘抄的代码自己再敲一遍，并且跟深入的理解一下源码：
代码摘抄地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/zhujiabin/p/5404771.html
洗面会对这几种线程策略进行测试验证以及尝试源码分析：
package com.xx.thread;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
Java通过Executors提供四种线程池，分别为：
newCachedThreadPool创建一个可缓存线程池，如果线程池长度超过处理需要，可灵活回收空闲线程，若无可回收，则新建线程。
newFixedThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池，可控制线程最大并发数，超出的线程会在队列中等待。
newScheduledThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池，支持定时及周期性任务执行。
newSingleThreadExecutor 创建一个单线程化的线程池，它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务，保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。
*
*/
public class UseThread {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/**
* (1) newCachedThreadPool
* 创建一个可缓存线程池，如果线程池长度超过处理需要，可灵活回收空闲线程，若无可回收，则新建线程。示例代码如下：
* 线程池为无限大，当执行第二个任务时第一个任务已经完成，会复用执行第一个任务的线程，而不用每次新建线程。
*/
ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
final int index = i;
try {
Thread.sleep(index * 1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
System.out.println(index);
}
});
}
/**
* (2) newFixedThreadPool
* 创建一个定长线程池，可控制线程最大并发数，超出的线程会在队列中等待。示例代码如下：
因为线程池大小为3，每个任务输出index后sleep 2秒，所以每两秒打印3个数字。
定长线程池的大小最好根据系统资源进行设置。如Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()
*
*/
ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
final int index = i;
fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(index);
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
/**
* (3) newScheduledThreadPool
创建一个定长线程池，支持定时及周期性任务执行。延迟执行示例代码如下：
*/
ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
System.out.println("delay 3 seconds");
}
}, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
/**
* 表示延迟3秒执行。
定期执行示例代码如下：表示延迟1秒后每3秒执行一次。
*/
ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool2 = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
scheduledThreadPool2.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds");
}
}, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
/**
* (4) newSingleThreadExecutor
创建一个单线程化的线程池，它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务，保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。示例代码如下：
*/
ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
final int index = i;
singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(index);
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
/**
* 结果依次输出，相当于顺序执行各个任务。
你可以使用JDK自带的监控工具来监控我们创建的线程数量，运行一个不终止的线程，创建指定量的线程，来观察：
工具目录：C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_06\bin\jconsole.exe
*/
}
}
第一种：newCachedThreadPool创建一个可缓存线程池，如果线程池长度超过处理需要，可灵活回收空闲线程，若无可回收，则新建线程：
public class Test { public static void main(String args[]){ /** * 第一种，带缓存的线程池 */ ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); for (int i=0;i<10;i++){ int index=i; try { Thread.sleep(index*1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() {
// 当前排队线程数 int queueSize = ((ThreadPoolExecutor)cachedThreadPool).getQueue().size(); // 当前活动线程数 int activeCount = ((ThreadPoolExecutor)cachedThreadPool).getActiveCount(); // 执行完成线程数 long completedTaskCount = ((ThreadPoolExecutor)cachedThreadPool).getCompletedTaskCount(); // 总线程数（排队线程数 + 活动线程数 + 执行完成线程数） long taskCount = ((ThreadPoolExecutor)cachedThreadPool).getTaskCount(); System.out.println("当前排队线程数"+queueSize); System.out.println("当前活动线程数"+activeCount); System.out.println("执行完成线程数"+completedTaskCount); System.out.println("总线程数（排队线程数 + 活动线程数 + 执行完成线程数）"+taskCount);System.out.println(index); } }); } }}
执行结果：
这个例子啥也看不出来第二个：定长线程池，线程池大小初始化时设定好
ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { final int index = i; fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { System.out.println(index); Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); }结果很明显，两个一组同时执行
翻一下源码：
/** * Creates a new {@code ThreadPoolExecutor} with the given initial * parameters. * * @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool, even * if they are idle, unless {@code allowCoreThreadTimeOut} is set * @param maximumPoolSize the maximum number of threads to allow in the * pool * @param keepAliveTime when the number of threads is greater than * the core, this is the maximum time that excess idle threads * will wait for new tasks before terminating. * @param unit the time unit for the {@code keepAliveTime} argument * @param workQueue the queue to use for holding tasks before they are * executed. This queue will hold only the {@code Runnable} * tasks submitted by the {@code execute} method. * @param threadFactory the factory to use when the executor * creates a new thread * @param handler the handler to use when execution is blocked * because the thread bounds and queue capacities are reached * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the following holds:<br> * {@code corePoolSize < 0}<br> * {@code keepAliveTime < 0}<br> * {@code maximumPoolSize <= 0}<br> * {@code maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize} * @throws NullPointerException if {@code workQueue} * or {@code threadFactory} or {@code handler} is null */ //构造方法，我代码里给的空参数，使用的都是默认值，这里解释一下参数： public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, ThreadFactory threadFactory, RejectedExecutionHandler handler) { if (corePoolSize < 0 || maximumPoolSize <= 0 || maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize || keepAliveTime < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException(); if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null) throw new NullPointerException(); this.acc = System.getSecurityManager() == null ? null : AccessController.getContext(); this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize; this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize; this.workQueue = workQueue; this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime); this.threadFactory = threadFactory; this.handler = handler; } /** * Executes the given task sometime in the future. The task * may execute in a new thread or in an existing pooled thread. * * If the task cannot be submitted for execution, either because this * executor has been shutdown or because its capacity has been reached, * the task is handled by the current {@code RejectedExecutionHandler}. * * @param command the task to execute * @throws RejectedExecutionException at discretion of * {@code RejectedExecutionHandler}, if the task * cannot be accepted for execution * @throws NullPointerException if {@code command} is null */ //execute实现类，看看做了啥 public void execute(Runnable command) { if (command == null) throw new NullPointerException(); /* * Proceed in 3 steps: * * 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to * start a new thread with the given command as its first * task. The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and * workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add * threads when it shouldn't, by returning false. * * 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need * to double-check whether we should have added a thread * (because existing ones died since last checking) or that * the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we * recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if * stopped, or start a new thread if there are none. * * 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new * thread. If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated * and so reject the task. */ int c = ctl.get(); if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) { if (addWorker(command, true)) return; c = ctl.get(); } if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) { int recheck = ctl.get(); if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command)) reject(command); else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0) addWorker(null, false); } else if (!addWorker(command, false)) reject(command); }
