python接口自动化2-发送post请求

前言

发送post的请求参考例子很简单，实际遇到的情况却是很复杂的，首先第一个post请求肯定是登录了，但登录是最难处理的。登录问题解决了，后面都简单了。

 

一、查看官方文档

1.学习一个新的模块，其实不用去百度什么的，直接用help函数就能查看相关注释和案例内容。

>>import requests

>>help(requests)

2.查看python发送get和post请求的案例

 >>> import requests
       >>> r = requests.get('https://www.python.org')
       >>> r.status_code
       200
       >>> 'Python is a programming language' in r.content
       True
    
    ... or POST:
    
       >>> payload = dict(key1='value1', key2='value2')
       >>> r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=payload)
       >>> print(r.text)
       {
         ...
         "form": {
           "key2": "value2",
           "key1": "value1"
         },
         ...
       }

 

二、发送post请求

1.用上面给的案例，做个简单修改，发个post请求

2.payload参数是字典类型，传到如下图的form里

 

三、json

1.post的body是json类型，也可以用json参数传入。

2.先导入json模块，用dumps方法转化成json格式。

3.返回结果，传到data里

 

四、headers

1.以博客园为例，模拟登陆，实际的情况要比上面讲的几个基本内容要复杂很多，一般登陆涉及安全性方面，登陆会比较复杂

2.这里需添加请求头headers,可以用fiddler抓包

3.讲请求头写成字典格式

headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:44.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/44.0",
            "Accept": "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01",
            "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3",
            "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
            "Content-Type": "application/json; charset=utf-8",
            "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest",
            "Cookie": "xxx.............",    # 此处cookie省略了
            "Connection": "keep-alive"
            }

 

五、登陆博客园

1.由于这里是https请求，直接发送请求会报错误:SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:590)

2.可以加个参数：verify=False，表示忽略对 SSL 证书的验证

3.这里请求参数payload是json格式的，用json参数传

4.红色注释那两行可以不用写

5.最后结果是json格式，可以直接用r.json返回json数据：{u'success': True}

 

 

六、参考代码

# coding:utf-8
import requests
url = "https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin"

headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:44.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/44.0",
            "Accept": "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01",
            "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3",
            "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
            "Content-Type": "application/json; charset=utf-8",
            # "VerificationToken": "",
            "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest",
            #　"Referer": "",   
            "Content-Length": "385",
            "Cookie": "xxx...",  # 此处省略
            "Connection": "keep-alive"
            }

payload = {"input1":"xxx",
                 "input2":"xxx",
                 "remember":True}

r = requests.post(url, json=payload, headers=headers,verify=False)
print r.json()