关键字驱动测试框架搭建（2）
2、练习：使用excel，使用关键字驱动，实现一个搜狗搜索
4个关键字：访问某个网站、输入文字、点击搜索按钮、断言
普通脚本如下：
test_no_keyword.py
#encoding=utf-8 from selenium import webdriver import time driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path = "D:\\geckodriver") driver.maximize_window() driver.get("http://www.sogou.com") search_box = driver.find_element_by_id("query") search_box.send_keys(u"光荣之路 吴老师") button = driver.find_element_by_id("stb") button.click() time.sleep(3) assert u"财富自由" in driver.page_source driver.quit()
关键字驱动如下：
Excel数据列
动作（方法名），定位方式，定位表达式，操作值，执行结果
browser,,,firefox
visit_url,,,http://www.sogou.com
input,id,query,光荣之路 吴老师
click,id,stb
sleep,,,2
assert_word,,,财富自由
quit,,,
需要将以上数据通过框架拼接成可执行函数调用，再通过eval执行
browser("firefox")
visit_url("http://www.sogou.com")
input("id","query",u"光荣之路 吴老师")
click("id","stb")
sleep(2)
assert_word(u"财富自由")
quit()
创建一个工程sogou_search_keyword_driven
工程下创建一个包Util，项下放解析Excel的模块
ParseExcel.py，解析Excel类，内容如下：
# encoding=utf-8 import openpyxl from openpyxl.styles import Border, Side, Font import time class ParseExcel(object): def __init__(self): self.workbook = None self.excelFile = None self.font = Font(color = None) #设置字体的颜色 #颜色对应的RGB值 self.RGBDict = {"red":"FFFF0303","green":"FF008B00"} def loadWorkbook(self,excelPathAndName): #将excel文件加载到内存，并获取其workbook对象 try: self.workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(excelPathAndName) except Exception,e: raise e self.excelFile = excelPathAndName return self.workbook def getSheetByName(self,sheetName): #根据sheet名获取该sheet对象 try: sheet = self.workbook.get_sheet_by_name(sheetName) return sheet except Exception,e: raise e def getSheetByIndex(self,sheetIndex): #根据sheet的索引号获取该sheet对象 try: sheetName = self.workbook.get_sheet_names()[sheetIndex] except Exception,e: raise e sheet = self.workbook.get_sheet_by_name(sheetName) return sheet def getRowsNumber(self,sheet): #获取sheet中有数据区域的结束行号 return sheet.max_row def getColsNumber(self,sheet): #获取sheet中有数据区域的结束列号 return sheet.max_column def getStartRowNumber(self,sheet): #获取sheet中有数据区域的开始行号 return sheet.min_row def getStartColNumber(self,sheet): #获取sheet中有数据区域的开始列号 return sheet.min_column def getRow(self,sheet,rowNo): #获取sheet中某一行，返回的是这一行所有的数据内容组成的tuple #下标从1开始，sheet.rows[1]表示第一行 try: rows = [] for row in sheet.iter_rows(): rows.append(row) return rows[rowNo - 1] except Exception , e: raise e def getColumn(self,sheet,colNo): #获取sheet中某一列，返回的是这一列所有数据内容组成的tuple #下标从1开始，sheet,columns[1]表示第一列 try: cols = [] for col in sheet.iter_cols(): cols.append(col) return cols[colNo - 1] except Exception,e: raise e def getAllRows(self,sheet): #获取sheet中所有行 try: rows = [] for row in sheet.iter_rows(): rows.append(row) return rows except Exception , e: raise e def getAllColumns(self,sheet): #获取sheet中所有列 try: cols = [] for col in sheet.iter_cols(): cols.append(col) return cols except Exception,e: raise e def getCellOfValue(self,sheet,coordinate = None,rowNo = None,colNo = None): #根据单元格所在的位置索引获取该单元格的值，坐标从1开始 #sheet.cell(row = 1,column = 1).value 表示excel中第一行第一列的值 if coordinate != None: try: return sheet.cell(coordinate = coordinate).value except Exception,e: raise e elif coordinate is None and rowNo is not None and colNo is not None: try: return sheet.cell(row = rowNo,column = colNo).value except Exception,e: raise e else: raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinates of Cell !!!") def getCellOfObject(self,sheet,coordinate = None,rowNo = None,colNo = None): #获取某个单元格的对象，可以根据单元格所在位置的数字索引， #也可以直接根据excel中单元格的编码及坐标 #如getCellOfObject(sheet,corrdinate = "A1") 或者 #getCellOfObject(sheet,rowNo = 1,colNo = 1) if coordinate != None: try: return sheet.cell(coordinate = coordinate) except Exception,e: raise e elif coordinate == None and rowNo is not None and colNo is not None: try: return sheet.cell(row = rowNo,column = colNo) except Exception,e: raise e else: raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinates of Cell !!!") def writeCell(self,sheet,content,coordinate = None,rowNo = None,colNo = None,style = None): #根据单元格在excel中的编码位置或者数字索引坐标向单元格中写入数据 #下标从1开始，参数style表示字体颜色的名称，比如，red , green if coordinate != None: try: sheet.cell(coordinate = coordinate).value = content if style is not None: sheet.cell(coordinate=coordinate).font = Font(color = self.RGBDict[style]) self.workbook.save(self.excelFile) except Exception,e: raise e elif coordinate == None and rowNo is not None and colNo is not None: try: sheet.cell(row = rowNo,column = colNo).value = content if style is not None: sheet.cell(coordinate=coordinate).font = Font(color=self.RGBDict[style]) self.workbook.save(self.excelFile) except Exception,e: raise e else: raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinates of Cell !!!") def writeCelCurrentTime(self,sheet,coordinate = None,rowNo = None,colNo = None,style = None): #写入当前时间，下标从1开始 now = int(time.time()) #显示为时间戳 timeArray = time.localtime(now) currentTime = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",timeArray) if coordinate != None: try: sheet.cell(coordinate = coordinate).value = currentTime self.workbook.save(self.excelFile) except Exception,e: raise e elif coordinate == None and rowNo is not None and colNo is not None: try: sheet.cell(row = rowNo,column = colNo).value = currentTime self.workbook.save(self.excelFile) except Exception,e: raise e else: raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinates of Cell !!!") if __name__ == "__main__": pe = ParseExcel() pe.loadWorkbook("D:\\PythonProject\\keyword_driven_frame\\sogou_search_keyword_driven\\test_data_test.xlsx") print u"通过名称获取sheet对象的名字:",pe.getSheetByName(u"测试步骤").title print u"通过index获取sheet对象的名字:", pe.getSheetByIndex(0).title sheet = pe.getSheetByIndex(0) print type(sheet) print "max row number:",pe.getRowsNumber(sheet) print "max column Number:",pe.getColsNumber(sheet) row = pe.getRow(sheet,1) #获取第一行 for i in row: print i.value #获取第一行第一列单元格内容 print "*" * 50 print pe.getCellOfValue(sheet,rowNo = 1,colNo = 1) pe.writeCell(sheet,u"我爱中国",rowNo = 10,colNo = 10) pe.writeCelCurrentTime(sheet,rowNo = 10,colNo = 11)
测试数据文件直接存放在工程目录下：
test_data.xslx中的“测试步骤”sheet数据如下：
动作 定位方式 定位表达式 操作值 执行结果
broswer firefox
visit_url http://www.sogou.com
input id query 光荣之路 吴老师
click xpath //*[@id='stb']
sleep 2
assert_word 自由
quit
再创建一个包Action，存放关键字方法：
PageAction.py内容如下：
#encoding=utf-8 from selenium import webdriver import time driver = "" #定义函数 def browser(browser_name): global driver #声明全局变量 try: if browser_name.lower() == "firefox": driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path = "D:\\geckodriver") except Exception,e: raise e def visit_url(url): global driver # 声明全局变量 try: driver.get(url) except Exception, e: raise e def input(locate_method,locate_expression,content): global driver # 声明全局变量 try: # 添加显式等待 driver.find_element(locate_method,locate_expression).send_keys(content) except Exception, e: raise e def click(locate_method,locate_expression): global driver # 声明全局变量 try: # 添加显式等待 driver.find_element(locate_method,locate_expression).click() except Exception, e: raise e def sleep(sleep_time): global driver # 声明全局变量 try: time.sleep(int(sleep_time)) except Exception, e: raise e def quit(): global driver # 声明全局变量 try: driver.quit() except Exception, e: raise e def assert_word(word): global driver # 声明全局变量 try: assert word in driver.page_source except Exception, e: raise e
在工程目录下创建测试脚本：
run.py内容如下：
#encoding=utf-8 from Util import ParseExcel from Action.PageAction import * import sys reload(sys) sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8") test_data_excel = ParseExcel.ParseExcel() test_data_excel.loadWorkbook("test_data.xlsx") #测试解析Excel，可以删除 print u"通过名称获取sheet对象的名字：",test_data_excel.getSheetByName(u"测试步骤").title test_data_sheet = test_data_excel.getSheetByName(u"测试步骤") row_num = test_data_excel.getRowsNumber(test_data_sheet) print "Total Rows:",row_num for i in range(1,row_num+1): print test_data_excel.getRow(test_data_sheet,i) print "=" * 50 col_num = test_data_excel.getColsNumber(test_data_sheet) print "Total Columns:",col_num for j in range(1,col_num+1): print test_data_excel.getColumn(test_data_sheet,j) print "*" * 50 #遍历文件，开始进行测试 for i in range(1,row_num): # for j in range(col_num-1): #行号是固定的，然后按列号遍历，获取每一行，结果列不需要读取 # print test_data_excel.getRow(test_data_sheet,i)[j].value row = test_data_excel.getAllRows(test_data_sheet)[i] print "-" * 50 print u"行号：",row[0].value action = row[1].value locate_method = row[2].value locate_expression = row[3].value operate_value = row[4].value print action,locate_method,locate_expression,operate_value print "+" * 50 #拼接字符串 #excel中组合情况有四种，即：（定位方式+定位表达式）和操作值为空或不空的组合情况 #定位方式和定位表达式只能同时存在或同时为空，所以可以当作是一个字段 #遍历组合情况，拼接不同形式的字符串 #将定位表达式中的单引号替换成双引号，因在后面拼接字符串时需要用单引号去包括参数 #所以需要进行替换，或者用双引号包括参数，则excel中的定位表达式需要用单引号 #两种情况取一种 test_step = "" if action and locate_method is None and operate_value: test_step = action + "('" + str(operate_value) + "')" print test_step elif action and locate_method and locate_expression and operate_value: #加u后拼接会报错，需要使用sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8") test_step = action + "('" + locate_method + "','" + locate_expression.replace("\'","\"") + "',u'" + str(operate_value) + "')" print test_step elif action and locate_method and locate_expression and operate_value is None: test_step = action + "('" + locate_method + "','" + locate_expression.replace("\'","\"") + "')" print test_step elif action and locate_method is None and locate_expression is None and operate_value is None: test_step = action + "()" print test_step try: eval(test_step) #执行成功，在结果列中写入“Success” test_data_excel.writeCell(test_data_sheet,"Success",rowNo = i+1,colNo = 6) except Exception,e: #执行失败，在结果列中写入“Fail” test_data_excel.writeCell(test_data_sheet, "Fail", rowNo= i+1, colNo=6)
以上内容为一个简单的关键字驱动框架，真正的框架核心思想也是如此，通过拼接字符串，拼接出想要的函数调，再用eval执行每一步，只不过真正的框架中封装了更多的方法
