spring使用注解的方式创建bean ,将组件加入容器中

第一种使用@Bean的方式

1、创建一个bean

package com.springbean;

public class Person {

    private  String name;
    private Integer age ;

    public Person(String name, Integer age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

2、创建配置类:

import com.springbean.Person;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class PersonConfig {

    @Bean
  //@Bean("myperson") 这是设置bean的名字 public Person person(){
   System.out.println("已经创建实例");
   return new Person("张三",20); } }

3、测试
import com.spring.config.PersonConfig;
import com.springbean.Person;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class ApplicationTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(PersonConfig.class);
        Person bean = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class);
        System.out.println(bean);

    //获取bean的类型,默认是方法名,需要修改就在配置类中@Bean里面加上名字
    String[] beanNamesForType = applicationContext.getBeanNamesForType(Person.class);
    for (String beanType : beanNamesForType){
    System.out.println(beanType);
    }
  } 
}

和xml配置文件一样,默认的bean是单例的,如果需要改变为prototype,xml配置文件里是加上scope="prototype",这里PersonConfig配置类中需要加上注解@Scope("prototype")。
介绍一下bean的几种类型的作用域。
  • singleton:单实例(默认),ioc容器启动时就会创建对象放到ioc容器中,以后每次获取都是直接从ioc容器中获取,ioc容器可以简单理解为map
  • prototype:多实例(原型),ioc容器启动并不会去调用方法创建对象,而是每次我们获取对象的时候,才会调用方法去创建。
  • requst:同一次请求创建一个实例
  • session:同一个session创建一个实例
不加注解测试:
 ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(PersonConfig.class);
        Person bean = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class);
        Person bean2 = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class);
        System.out.println(bean==bean2);
//打印结果为true

加上注解@Scope("prototype")测试:

 

 ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(PersonConfig.class);
        Person bean = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class);
        Person bean2 = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class);
        System.out.println(bean==bean2);
//打印结果为fale

 

我们也可以改变单例时ioc加载的时候就创建实例,只要在我们的PersonConfig配置类中加上@Lazy注解,使用懒加载。测试

public class ApplicationTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(PersonConfig.class);
       /* Person bean = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class);
        Person bean2 = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class);
        System.out.println(bean==bean2);*/
    /*
        String[] beanNamesForType = applicationContext.getBeanNamesForType(Person.class);
        for (String beanType : beanNamesForType){
            System.out.println(beanType);
        }*/
    }
}

这是时打印栏将不会打印出“已经创建实例”,就实现的单例情况下的懒加载。

 

 第二种使用@import注解的方式

新建一个student类

public class Student {
}

 

在配置类PersonConfig上使用@Import注解,这里面可以传入一个数组,用大括号{}

@Configuration
@Import({Student.class})
public class PersonConfig {

 测试:

public class DemoTest {

    ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(PersonConfig.class);

    @Test
    public void test(){

        Student bean = applicationContext.getBean(Student.class);
        System.out.println(bean);

    }
}

打印结果:com.springbean.Student@2c34f934 ,注入成功

 

 还可以在@Import中加入ImportSelector的实现类来实现bean的注入

创建Parent和Teacher类

public class Parent {
}

public class Teacher {
}

 

创建ImportSelector的实现类MyImportSelector,返回需要注入的bean,这里是全类名

public class myImportSelector implements ImportSelector{
    @Override
    public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {

        return new String[]{"com.springbean.Parent","com.springbean.Teacher"};
    }
}

修改PersonConfig,这里传入实现类MyImportSelector

@Configuration
@Import({Student.class, myImportSelector.class})
public class PersonConfig {

测试:

     Parent parent = applicationContext.getBean(Parent.class);
        Teacher teacher = applicationContext.getBean(Teacher.class);
        System.out.println(parent);
        System.out.println(teacher);

 打印结果:

com.springbean.Parent@3b2cf7ab
com.springbean.Teacher@2aa5fe93

 

 第三种使用@ComponentScan的方式:

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.springbean")
public class MainBeanConfig  {

}

指定需要扫描包的路径,相应的类中加上组件注解。



posted @ 2019-11-15 16:41  来一杯可乐  阅读(1242)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报