NIO编程

  本文参考《Netty权威指南》

  与Socket类和ServerSocketl类相对应,NIO也提供SocketChannel和ServerSocketChannel两种不同的套接字通道实现。两种新增的通道都支持阻塞和非阻塞两种模式。

  基本概念

  1. 缓冲区Buffer

  Buffer是一个对象,包含一些要写入或者要读出的数据。缓冲区实质上是一个数组,但是一个缓冲区不仅仅是一个数组,它提供了对数据的结构化访问以及维护读写位置(Limit)等信息。

      

  2. 通道Channel

  Channel是一个通道,网络数据通过Channel读取和写入。通道与流不同在于通道是双向的,流只是在一个方向上移动(一个流必须是InputStream或者OutputStream的子类),而通道可以用于读、写或者二者同时进行。

  3. 多路复用器 Selector

  Selector通过不断轮询注册在其上的Channel,如果某个Channel上面发生读或者写事件,这个Channel就处于就绪状态,会被Selector轮询出来,然后通过SelectionKey可以获取就绪Channel的集合,进行后续的I/O操作。基于epoll操作(区别select的三点)。

  NIO服务端序列图

  

  服务端代码:

  

  
 1 public class NIOTimeServer {
 2     public static void main(String[] args){
 3         int port = 8082;
 4         if(args != null && args.length > 0){
 5             try{
 6                 port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
 7             } catch (Exception e){
 8                 //采用默认值
 9             }
10         }
11         MultiplexerTimeServer timeServer = new MultiplexerTimeServer(port);
12         new Thread(timeServer,"NIO-MultiplexerTimeServer-001").start();
13     }
14 }
TimeServer Code
  
public class MultiplexerTimeServer implements Runnable{
    private Selector selector;
    private ServerSocketChannel servChannel;
    private volatile boolean stop;
    private int port;
    /**
     * 初始化多路复用器,绑定监听端口
     */
    public MultiplexerTimeServer(int port){
        this.port = port;
        try {
            //1. 打开ServerSocketChannel,用于监听客户端的连接,他是所有客户端连接的副管道
            servChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
            //2. 绑定监听端口,设置连接为非阻塞模式
            servChannel.configureBlocking(false);
            servChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port),1024);
            //3. 创建多路复用器
            selector = Selector.open();
            //4. 将ServerSocketChannel注册到多路复用器Selector上,监听Accept事件
            servChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
            System.out.println("The time server is start in port: " + port);
        }catch (IOException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }
    public void setStop(){
        this.stop = true;
    }

    public void run(){
        //多路复用器在线程run方法的无限循环体内轮询准备就绪的key
        while(!stop){
            try{
                /**
                 * Selects a set of keys whose corresponding channels are ready for I/O operations.
                 * <p> This method performs a blocking <a href="#selop">selection
                 * operation</a>.  It returns only after at least one channel is selected,
                 * */
                selector.select(1000);
                Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
                Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selectionKeys.iterator();
                SelectionKey selectionKey = null;
                while(it.hasNext()){
                    selectionKey = it.next();
                    it.remove();
                    try{
                        //处理就绪的任务
                        handleInput(selectionKey);
                    } catch (Exception e){
                        if (selectionKey != null){
                            selectionKey.cancel();
                            if(selectionKey.channel() != null){
                                selectionKey.channel().close();
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }catch (Throwable t){
                t.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private void handleInput(SelectionKey key) throws IOException{
        //处理新接入的请求消息
        if(key.isValid()){
            if(key.isAcceptable()){
                //Accept the new connect
                ServerSocketChannel ssc = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
                //6. 多路复用器监听到有新的客户端接入,处理新的接入请求,完成TCP三次握手,建立物理链路
                SocketChannel sc = ssc.accept();
                //7. 设置客户端链路为非阻塞模式
                sc.configureBlocking(false);
                //8. 将新接入的客户端连接注册到多路复用器上,监听读操作,读取客户端发送的网络消息
                sc.register(selector,SelectionKey.OP_READ);
            }
            if (key.isReadable()){
                //Read the data
                SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
                ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                //9. 异步读取客户端请求消息到缓冲区
                int readBytes = sc.read(readBuffer);
                if(readBytes > 0){
                    readBuffer.flip();
                    byte[] bytes = new byte[readBuffer.remaining()];
                    readBuffer.get(bytes);
                    String body = new String(bytes,"UTF-8");
                    System.out.println("The time server receive order: " + body);
                    String currentTime = "QUERY TIME ORDER".equalsIgnoreCase(body)? new java.util.Date(
                            System.currentTimeMillis()).toString():"Bad order";
                    System.out.println("currentTime: " + currentTime);
                    doWrite(sc,currentTime);
                } else if(readBytes <0){
                    //对端链路关闭
                    key.cancel();
                    sc.close();
                } else ; //读到0字节,忽略
            }
        }
    }
    private void doWrite(SocketChannel channel, String response) throws IOException{
        if(response != null && response.trim().length() > 0){
            byte[] bytes = response.getBytes();
            ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(bytes.length);
            writeBuffer.put(bytes);
            writeBuffer.flip();
            //将消息异步发送到客户端
            channel.write(writeBuffer);
        }
    }
}
MultiplexerTimeServer

  NIO客户端序列图

  

  客户端代码:

  

  
 1 public class NIOTimeClient {
 2     public static void main(String[] args){
 3         int port = 8082;
 4         if(args != null && args.length >0){
 5             try{
 6                 port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
 7             } catch (NumberFormatException e){
 8                 //采用默认值
 9             }
10         }
11         new Thread(new NIOTimeClientHandle("192.168.1.107",port),"TimeClient - 001").start();
12     }
13 }
TimeClient
  
  1 public class NIOTimeClientHandle implements Runnable{
  2     private String host;
  3     private int port;
  4     private Selector selector;
  5     private SocketChannel socketChannel;
  6     private volatile boolean stop;
  7 
  8     public NIOTimeClientHandle(String host,int port){
  9         this.host = host;
 10         this.port = port;
 11         try {
 12             //初始化NIO的多路复用器和SocketChannel,
 13             //1. 打开SocketChannel,绑定客户端本地地址(可选默认系统会随机分配一个可用的本地地址)
 14             selector = Selector.open();
 15             socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();
 16             //需要注意:SocketChannel创建之后,需要将其设置为异步非阻塞模式
 17             socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
 18         }catch (IOException e){
 19             e.printStackTrace();
 20             System.exit(1);
 21         }
 22     }
 23 
 24     public void run(){
 25         //发送连接请求,因为是示例,没有做重连操作
 26         try {
 27             //4 5 步
 28             doConnect();
 29         } catch (IOException e){
 30             e.printStackTrace();
 31             System.exit(1);
 32         }
 33         /**
 34          * 循环体中轮询多路复用器Selector。当有就绪的channel时,执行 handleInput(key)方法
 35          */
 36         while(!stop){
 37             try{
 38                 selector.select(1000);
 39                 Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
 40                 Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selectionKeys.iterator();
 41                 SelectionKey key = null;
 42                 while(it.hasNext()){
 43                     key = it.next();
 44                     it.remove();
 45                     try{
 46                         handleInput(key);
 47                     } catch (Exception e){
 48                         if(key != null){
 49                             key.cancel();
 50                         }
 51                     }
 52                 }
 53             }catch (Exception e){
 54                 e.printStackTrace();
 55                 System.exit(1);
 56             }
 57         }
 58     }
 59     private void handleInput(SelectionKey key) throws IOException{
 60         /**
 61          public abstract boolean isValid()
 62          Tells whether or not this key is valid.
 63          A key is valid upon creation and remains so until it is cancelled,
 64          its channel is closed, or its selector is closed.
 65          */
 66         if(key.isValid()){
 67             //判断是否连接成功
 68             SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
 69             /**
 70              public final boolean isConnectable()
 71              Tests whether this key's channel has either finished, or failed to finish,
 72              its socket-connection operation.
 73              */
 74             /**
 75              * 首先对Selection进行判断,看它处于什么状态,如果是处于连接状态,说明服务器已经返回ACK应答消息。
 76              * 这是我们需要对连接结果进行判断,调用SocketChannel的finishConnect()方法,如果返回值为true,说明
 77              * 客户端连接成功,否则是失败。将SocketChannel注册到多路复用器上,注册SelectionKey.OP_READ操作位,
 78              * 监听网络读操作
 79              */
 80             if(key.isConnectable()){
 81                 /**
 82                  public abstract boolean finishConnect() throws IOException
 83                  Finishes the process of connecting a socket channel.
 84                  */
 85                 if(sc.finishConnect()){
 86                     sc.register(selector,SelectionKey.OP_READ);
 87                     doWrite(sc);
 88                 } else{
 89                     System.exit(1); //连接失败,进程退出
 90                 }
 91             }
 92             //读取消息预先分配1MB的接收缓冲区用于读取应答消息
 93             if(key.isReadable()){
 94                 ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
 95                 int readBytes = sc.read(readBuffer);
 96                 if(readBytes > 0){
 97                     readBuffer.flip();
 98                     byte[] bytes = new byte[readBuffer.remaining()];
 99                     readBuffer.get(bytes);
100                     String body = new String(bytes,"UTF-8");
101                     System.out.println("Now is: " +  body);
102                     this.stop = true;
103                 } else if (readBytes < 0){
104                     //对端链路关闭
105                     key.cancel();
106                     sc.close();
107                 } else ;
108             }
109         }
110     }
111     private void doConnect() throws IOException{
112         //如果直接连接成功,则注册到多路复用器上,发送请求消息,读应答
113         /**
114          * 首先对SocketChannel的connect()操作进行判断。如果连接成功,则将SocketChannel注册到
115          * 多路复用器Selector上,注册SelectionKey.OP_READ;如果没有直接连接成功,则说明
116          * 服务端没有返回TCP握手应答消息,但这并不代表连接失败。而是注册SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT
117          * 当服务端返回TCP syn-ack消息后,Selector就能轮询到这个SocketChannel处于连接就绪状态
118          */
119         //4. 判断是否连接成功,如果连接成功,则直接注册读状态位到多路复用器中
120         if(socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress(host,port))){
121             socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
122             doWrite(socketChannel);
123         } else {
124             //5, 向多路复用器注册OP_CONNECT状态位,监听服务端的TCP ACK应答
125             socketChannel.register(selector,SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);
126         }
127     }
128     private void doWrite(SocketChannel sc) throws IOException{
129         byte[] req = "QUERY TIME ORDER".getBytes();
130         ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(req.length);
131         writeBuffer.put(req);
132         writeBuffer.flip();
133         sc.write(writeBuffer);
134         if(!writeBuffer.hasRemaining()){
135             System.out.println("Send order 2 server succeed.");
136         }
137     }
138 }
NIOTimeClientHandle

  

  服务端执行结果:

  

  客户端执行结果:

  

  NIO优点总结:

  1. 客户端发起的连接操作是异步的,可以通过在多路复用器注册OP_CONNECT等待后续结果,不需要想之前的客户端那样被同步阻塞。

  2. SocketChannel的读写操作都是异步的,如果没有可读写的数据他不会同步等待,直接返回,这样I/O通信线程就可以处理其他的链路,不需要同步等待这个链路可用

  3.  线程模型的优化,采用epoll实现,没有连接句柄数的限制。适合做高性能、高负载的网络服务器。

 

posted @ 2017-04-23 21:05  Doubter  阅读(488)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报