C#使用表达式树(LambdaExpression)动态更新类的属性值
在某些业务中会遇到需要同步两个类的属性值的情况，而且有些字段是要过滤掉的。如果手动赋值则需要写很多重复的代码：
public class Teacher
{
public Guid Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public string Age { get; set; }
}
public class Student
{
public Guid Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public string Age { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 比如需要把teacher的某些属性值赋给student，而id不需要赋值
/// </summary>
/// <param name="student"></param>
/// <param name="teacher"></param>
public static void SetProperty(Student student, Teacher teacher)
{
if (student.Name != teacher.Name)
{
student.Name = teacher.Name;
}
if (student.Age != teacher.Age)
{
student.Age = teacher.Age;
}
}
使用反射的话性能考虑，尝试写一个扩展方法使用lambda表达式树去构建一个方法
public static class ObjectExtensions
{
/// <summary>
/// 缓存表达式
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TSource"></typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TTarget"></typeparam>
public static class MapperAccessor<TSource, TTarget>
{
private static Action<TSource, TTarget, string[]> func { get; set; }
public static TSource Set(TSource source, TTarget target, params string[] properties)
{
if (func == null)
{
var sourceType = typeof(TSource);
var targetType = typeof(TTarget);
BindingFlags bindingFlags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public;
if (properties.Length == 0)
{
//get all properties
if (sourceType == targetType)
{
//如果是相同类型则获取所有属性
properties = sourceType.GetProperties(bindingFlags).Select(x => x.Name)
.ToArray();
}
else
{
//如果没有传指定的属性则默认获取同名属性
List<PropertyInfo> propertyInfos = new List<PropertyInfo>();
foreach (var property in sourceType.GetProperties(bindingFlags))
{//不同类型指定同名且类型相同的属性
var targetProperty = targetType.GetProperty(property.Name, bindingFlags);
if (targetProperty != null && targetProperty.PropertyType == property.PropertyType)
{
propertyInfos.Add(property);
}
}
properties = propertyInfos.Select(x => x.Name).ToArray();
}
}
//定义lambda 3个参数
var s = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TSource), "s");
var t = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TTarget), "t");
var ps = Expression.Parameter(typeof(string[]), "ps");
//获取泛型扩展方法Contains
var methodInfo = typeof(Enumerable).GetMethods().FirstOrDefault(e => e.Name == "Contains" && e.GetParameters().Length == 2);
if (methodInfo == null)
{
// properties.Contains()
throw new NullReferenceException(nameof(methodInfo));
}
MethodInfo genericMethod = methodInfo.MakeGenericMethod(typeof(String));//创建泛型方法
List<BlockExpression> bs = new List<BlockExpression>();
foreach (string field in properties)
{
//获取两个类型里面的属性
var sourceField = Expression.Property(s, field);
var targetField = Expression.Property(t, field);
//创建一个条件表达式
var notEqual = Expression.NotEqual(sourceField, targetField);//sourceField!=targetField
var method = Expression.Call(null, genericMethod, ps, Expression.Constant(field));//ps.Contains(f);
//构建赋值语句
var ifTrue = Expression.Assign(sourceField, targetField);
//拼接表达式 sourceField!=targetField&&ps.Contains(f)
var condition = Expression.And(notEqual, Expression.IsTrue(method));
//判断是否相同，如果不相同则赋值
var expression = Expression.IfThen(condition, ifTrue);
bs.Add(Expression.Block(expression));
}
var lambda = Expression.Lambda<Action<TSource, TTarget, string[]>>(Expression.Block(bs), s, t, ps);
func = lambda.Compile();
}
func.Invoke(source, target, properties);
return source;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 通过目标类更新源类同名属性值
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TSource">待更新的数据类型</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TTarget">目标数据类型</typeparam>
/// <param name="source">源数据</param>
/// <param name="target">目标数据</param>
/// <param name="properties">要变更的属性名称</param>
/// <returns>返回源数据，更新后的</returns>
public static TSource SetProperties<TSource, TTarget>(this TSource source, TTarget target, params string[] properties)
{
return MapperAccessor<TSource, TTarget>.Set(source, target, properties);
}
}
编写测试方法
/// <summary>
/// 比如需要把teacher的某些属性值赋给student，而id不需要赋值
/// </summary>
/// <param name="student"></param>
/// <param name="teacher"></param>
public static void SetProperty(Student student, Teacher teacher)
{
if (student.Name != teacher.Name)
{
student.Name = teacher.Name;
}
if (student.Age != teacher.Age)
{
student.Age = teacher.Age;
}
}
public static void SetProperty2(Student student, Teacher teacher, params string[] properties)
{
var sourceType = student.GetType();
var targetType = teacher.GetType();
foreach (var property in properties)
{
var aP = sourceType.GetProperty(property);
var bP = targetType.GetProperty(property);
var apValue = aP.GetValue(student);
var bpValue = bP.GetValue(teacher);
if (apValue != bpValue)
{
aP.SetValue(student, bpValue);
}
}
}
static (List<Student>, List<Teacher>) CreateData(int length)
{
var rd = new Random();
(List<Student>, List<Teacher>) ret;
ret.Item1 = new List<Student>();
ret.Item2 = new List<Teacher>();
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
Student student = new Student()
{
Id = Guid.NewGuid(),
Name = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"),
Age = rd.Next(1, 100)
};
ret.Item1.Add(student);
Teacher teacher = new Teacher()
{
Id = Guid.NewGuid(),
Name = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"),
Age = rd.Next(1, 100)
};
ret.Item2.Add(teacher);
}
return ret;
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var length = 1000000;
var data = CreateData(length);
Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
sw.Start();
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
SetProperty(data.Item1[i], data.Item2[i]);
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine($"手写方法耗时：{sw.ElapsedMilliseconds}ms");
data.Item1.Clear();
data.Item2.Clear();
var data2 = CreateData(length);
sw.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
data2.Item1[i].SetProperties(data2.Item2[i], nameof(Student.Age), nameof(Student.Name));
}
data2.Item1.Clear();
data2.Item2.Clear();
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine($"lambda耗时：{sw.ElapsedMilliseconds}ms");
var data3 = CreateData(length);
sw.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
SetProperty2(data3.Item1[i], data3.Item2[i], nameof(Student.Age), nameof(Student.Name));
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine($"反射耗时：{sw.ElapsedMilliseconds}ms");
data3.Item1.Clear();
data3.Item2.Clear();
Console.ReadKey();
}
可以看到性能和手写方法之间的差距，如果要求比较高还是手写方法，如果字段多的话写起来是很痛苦的事。但是日常用这个足够了，而且是扩展方法，通用性很强。
