chrome headless+selenium+python+(ubuntu 16.04/centos7) 下的实现

Ubuntu 16.04 下:

0x01 安装chrome

1 下载源加入系统源列表

sudo wget http://www.linuxidc.com/files/repo/google-chrome.list -P /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
 

2 导入google软件公钥

wget -q -O - https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -
 

3 更新源

sudo apt-get update
 

4 安装chrome

sudo apt-get install google-chrome-stable
 

5 查看安装路径

cd /usr/bin/
 
xxaq@xxaq-System-Product-Name-Invalid-entry-length-16-Fixed-up-to-11:/usr/bin$ ll google*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 2月  24 08:59 google-chrome -> /etc/alternatives/google-chrome*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 32 2月  22 11:06 google-chrome-stable -> /opt/google/chrome/google-chrome*
 

6 查看安装版本

xxaq@xxaq-System-Product-Name-Invalid-entry-length-16-Fixed-up-to-11:/usr/bin$ google-chrome --version
Google Chrome 64.0.3282.186
 

7 google-chrome运行报错

xxaq@xxaq-System-Product-Name-Invalid-entry-length-16-Fixed-up-to-11:~$ google-chrome --headless http://www.baidu.com
[0224/090953.953883:ERROR:instance.cc(49)] Unable to locate service manifest for metrics
[0224/090953.954581:ERROR:service_manager.cc(890)] Failed to resolve service name: metrics
[0224/090953.957121:FATAL:nss_util.cc(631)] NSS_VersionCheck("3.26") failed. NSS >= 3.26 is required. Please upgrade to the latest NSS, and if you still get this error, contact your distribution maintainer.
已放弃 (核心已转储)
[0100/000000.152280:ERROR:broker_posix.cc(43)] Invalid node channel message
 
原因:nss版本需要更新
 
解决方法:
sudo apt install --reinstall libnss3
 

0x02 安装chromedriver

1 下载地址:

下载chrome版本对应的chromedriver
对照表网上有人整理,也可以看http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html 下面各个版本里的note文件:
其中chrome 64对应的是2.35版本

2 配置 :

对下载的zip文件直接unzip
unzip chromedriver_linux64.zip
拷贝到/usr/bin/下面
sudo cp chromedriver /usr/bin/
 

0x03 Python下的调用

1  安装 selenium

sudo pip install selenium

2 测试demo

#encoding: utf-8

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
import os

chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
#chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')

chromedriver = "/usr/bin/chromedriver"
os.environ["webdriver.chrome.driver"] = chromedriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options,executable_path=chromedriver)
#driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=chromedriver)
driver.get("https://stackoverflow.com")
print driver.page_source
driver.save_screenshot('screen.png')
driver.quit()

 

 CentOS7 下:

安装,chrome,chromedriver原理同上

注意在使用的时候要加上 

chrome_options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")

否则会出现报错

selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally
  (Driver info: chromedriver=2.35.528139 (47ead77cb35ad2a9a83248b292151462a66cd881),platform=Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 x86_64)

原因:

谷歌浏览器报错:请以普通用户的身份启动Google Chrome。如果您出于开发目的,需要以根用户打身份运行Chrome,请使用-no-sandbox标记重新运行Chrome

ubuntu没有报错是因为不是以root用户登录的。

测试demo:

#encoding: utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
import os

chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
#chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
chrome_options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")

chromedriver = "/usr/bin/chromedriver"
os.environ["webdriver.chrome.driver"] = chromedriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options,executable_path=chromedriver)
#driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=chromedriver)
driver.get("https://stackoverflow.com")
print driver.page_source
driver.save_screenshot('screen.png')
driver.quit()

 

posted @ 2018-02-24 10:59  桃乐丝  阅读(2834)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报