extern 数组---不能通过sizeof计算数组大小

extern int a[];  //size of array

extern数组时,链接器并不知道数组的大小信息;

When compiling b.c, the compiler doesn't know the size of a - you haven't told it. All it knows that an int array called a exists in some other module. The linking process resolves object addresses, but not sizes.

如果extern声明数组的时候没有显示告诉链接器数组大小,链接器就不会知道数组大小,因此使用sizeof计算时编译器就会报错。

 

有以下两种方式extern,其中有一种会报错:

  1. extern声明时显示指定数组大小,则编译器不会报错
     1 python@ubuntu:~/Documents/c_fundamental/extern_array$ cat provide_array.c
     2 int iArray[] = {1,2,3,4,5};
     3 python@ubuntu:~/Documents/c_fundamental/extern_array$ cat call_array.c
     4 #include<stdio.h>
     5 
     6 extern int iArray[5];
     7 int main(void)
     8 {
     9         for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    10         {
    11                 printf("%d\n", iArray[i]);
    12         }
    13         printf("size of array: %zu", sizeof(iArray));
    14 
    15         return 0;
    16 }
    17 python@ubuntu:~/Documents/c_fundamental/extern_array$ gcc provide_array.c  call_array.c  -o extern_array
    18 python@ubuntu:~/Documents/c_fundamental/extern_array$ ./extern_array
    19 1
    20 2
    21 3
    22 4
    23 5
    24 size of array: 20python@ubuntu:~/Documents/c_fundamental/extern_array$
  2. extern声明时未显示声明数组大小,则调用sizeof计算数组大小编译会报错
     1 python@ubuntu:~/Documents/c_fundamental/extern_array$ cat call_array.c
     2 #include<stdio.h>
     3 
     4 extern int iArray[];
     5 int main(void)
     6 {
     7         for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
     8         {
     9                 printf("%d\n", iArray[i]);
    10         }
    11         printf("size of array: %zu", sizeof(iArray));
    12 
    13         return 0;
    14 }
    15 python@ubuntu:~/Documents/c_fundamental/extern_array$ gcc provide_array.c  call_array.c  -o extern_array
    16 call_array.c: In function ‘main’:
    17 call_array.c:10:37: error: invalid application of ‘sizeof’ to incomplete type ‘int[]’
    18   printf("size of array: %zu", sizeof(iArray));
    19                                      ^
    20 python@ubuntu:~/Documents/c_fundamental/extern_array$

 

posted @ 2021-04-18 01:00  逃之夭夭uu  阅读(739)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报