centos8系统安装常用关系型数据库Mysql、pgsl、DM、sqlserver、oracle、gaussdb

一、Mysql数据库安装

#安装

yum install -y mysql-server

#开启mysqld服务

systemctl start mysqld

#设置服务开机自启

systemctl enable mysqld

#修改默认密码，并创建用户datax及数据库datax-web

mysql -e "FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"

mysql -e "ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Admin@123';"

mysql -uroot -pAdmin@123 -e "FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"

mysql -uroot -pAdmin@123 -e "create database test1;"

mysql -uroot -pAdmin@123 -e "create user 'mysql'@'%' identified by 'Admin@123';"

mysql -uroot -pAdmin@123 -e "grant all on test1.* to 'mysql'@'%';"

mysql -e "FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"

firewall-cmd --add-port 3306/tcp

firewall-cmd --add-port 3306/tcp --permanent

二、安装pgsl数据库

yum install -y libicu

rpm -ivh psql_el8/*.rpm

#初始化数据库

/usr/pgsql-13/bin/postgresql-13-setup initdb

#启动psql并设置开机自启

systemctl enable --now postgresql-13

#修改配置文件

echo "listen_addresses='*'" >> /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/postgresql.conf

echo "host all all 0.0.0.0/0 trust" >> /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/pg_hba.conf

systemctl restart postgresql-13

#给pgsql设置密码

sudo -u postgres psql -c "alter user postgres with password 'Admin@123';"

#创建数据库

PGPASSWORD=Admin@123 psql -U postgres -d postgres -h 127.0.0.1 -c "create database test1;"

firewall-cmd --add-port 5432/tcp

firewall-cmd --add-port 5432/tcp --permanent

三、安装DM达梦数据库

#限制打开，防止启动失败

ulimit -a

echo "* soft nofile 65536" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

echo "* hard nofile 65536" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

#重启生效

reboot

#安装tar，解压程序需要

yum install -y tar

#挂载

mount dm8_20220720_x86_rh7_64_ent_8.1.2.114_pack11.iso /mnt

#创建用户和组

groupadd dinstall

useradd -g dinstall -m -d /home/dmdba/ -s /bin/bash dmdba

#创建安装目录

mkdir /dm8

chown dmdba:dinstall -R /dm8/

chmod -R 755 /dm8

#安装

su dmdba

cd /mnt

./DMInstall.bin -i

#退出到root用户

exit

#初始化数据库

mkdir /dm8/data

chown dmdba:dinstall -R /dm8/data

cd /dm8/bin

./dminit path=/dm8/data PAGE_SIZE=32 EXTENT_SIZE=32 CASE_SENSITIVE=y CHARSET=1 DB_NAME=test1 INSTANCE_NAME=DBSERVER PORT_NUM=5236

./dmserver /dm8/data/test1/dm.ini

#卸载程序方法：进入 dm8安装目录，执行./uninstall.sh -i命令

su dmdba

#注册启动服务

cd /dm8/script/root

./dm_service_installer.sh -t dmserver -dm_ini /dm8/data/test1/dm.ini -p DMSERVER

chown dmdba.dinstall /dm8/data/test2/ -R

systemctl restart DmServiceDMSERVER

#需要关闭selinux才能有权限开启自启成功

#开放防火墙

firewall-cmd --add-port 5236/tcp

firewall-cmd --add-port 5236/tcp --permanent

#登录

./disql SYSDBA/SYSDBA@192.168.13.158:5236

alter user sysdba identified by "Admin@123";

#修改密码后登录

./disql sysdba/'"Admin@123"'@192.168.13.158:5236

#安装selinux排错工具yum install -y setroubleshoot-server，查看jour -f 查看日志，会有提示。最后定位很复杂。需要给dmserver，DmServiceDMSERVER，log文件都要设置一大堆上下文。

#这里手动加入开机脚本文件中执行命令实现开机自启

echo "/dm8/bin/DmServiceDMSERVER start" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

四、安装sqlserver

#下载源

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-server.repo [https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/8/mssql-server-2019.repo](https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/8/mssql-server-2019.repo)

#安装

yum install -y mssql-server

#设置，选择2免费版本，yes同意协议，设置管理员密码sa/Admin@123

/opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup

#查看服务状态

systemctl status mssql-server

#开放防火墙端口1433

firewall-cmd --add-port 1433/tcp

firewall-cmd --add-port 1433/tcp --permanent

#重置密码/opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf set-sa-password

五、安装oracle数据库

yum localinstall oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

yum localinstall oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile

export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=DB1

export ORACLE_UNQNAME=ORCLCDB

export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB

export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19c/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_INVENTORY=$ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'

alias rman='rlwrap rman'

alias ggsci='rlwrap ggsci'

su - oracle

echo $ORACLE_HOME

#安装软件完成

#在root用户下运行：

/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure

firewall-cmd --add-port 1521/tcp

firewall-cmd --add-port 1521/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --add-port 5500/tcp

firewall-cmd --add-port 5500/tcp --permanent

su - oracle

lsnrctl status

sqlplus / as sysdba

select userenv('language') from dual;

SELECT * FROM dba_profiles s Where s.profile = 'DEFAULT' AND resource_name = 'PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME' ;

ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME UNLIMITED ;

#配置服务自启动

su - oracle

vi /etc/oratab

ORCLCDB:/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1:Y

su - root

vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local

su oracle -lc "/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start"

su oracle -lc /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart

#创建用户

su - oracle

sqlplus / as sysdba

select name,cdb from v$database;

create user c##test identified by "Admin123";

grant dba,connect,resource,create view to C##test;

grant create session to C##test;

grant select any table to C##test;

grant update any table to C##test;

grant insert any table to C##test;

grant delete any table to C##test;

#删除用户drop user C##test cascade;

#登录

sqlplus c##test/Admin123

select pdb_id,pdb_name,dbid,status,creation_scn from dba_pdbs;

select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;

alter session set container=ORCLPDB1;

startup

create user test2 identified by Admin123;

grant dba,connect,resource,create view to test2;

grant create session to test2;

grant select any table to test2;

grant update any table to test2;

grant insert any table to test2;

grant delete any table to test2;

cat /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

sqlplus test2/Admin123@orclpdb1

#连接时服务名填orclpdb1,端口1521，用户test2，密码Admin123

六、安装gaussdb高斯数据库

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo [https://repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/conf/CentOS-8-reg.repo](https://repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/conf/CentOS-8-reg.repo)

sed -i "s/$releasever/8-stream/g" /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

yum install -y net-tools libaio-devel flex bison ncurses-devel glibc-devel patch libnsl openeuler-lsb-core readline-devel

wget [https://opengauss.obs.cn-south-1.myhuaweicloud.com/2.1.0/x86_openEuler/openGauss-2.1.0-openEuler-64bit.tar.bz2](https://opengauss.obs.cn-south-1.myhuaweicloud.com/2.1.0/x86_openEuler/openGauss-2.1.0-openEuler-64bit.tar.bz2)

wget [https://opengauss.obs.cn-south-1.myhuaweicloud.com/2.1.0/arm/openGauss-2.1.0-openEuler-64bit.tar.bz2](https://opengauss.obs.cn-south-1.myhuaweicloud.com/2.1.0/arm/openGauss-2.1.0-openEuler-64bit.tar.bz2)

mkdir -p /opt/software/openGauss
tar -xf openGauss-2.1.0-openEuler-64bit.tar.bz2 -C /opt/software/openGauss

mkdir -p /var/lib/opengauss/
groupadd -r opengauss
adduser -M -N -g opengauss -r -d /var/lib/opengauss -s /bin/bash opengauss
chown -R opengauss:opengauss /var/lib/opengauss/
chown -R opengauss:opengauss /opt/software/openGauss

vi /etc/security/limits.conf
opengauss soft nproc 16384
opengauss hard nproc 16384
opengauss soft nofile 65536
opengauss hard nofile 65536
opengauss soft memlock 4000000
opengauss hard memlock 4000000


su - opengauss

vi .bashrc
export GAUSSHOME=/opt/software/openGauss
export PATH=$GAUSSHOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$GAUSSHOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export GS_CLUSTER_NAME=dbCluster
ulimit -n 65536

cd /opt/software/openGauss/simpleInstall
sh [install.sh](http://install.sh) -w "Admin@123" &&source ~/.bashrc
-p指定端口，因为和psql端口冲突，所以改一个 -w指定密码


ps ux | grep gaussdb
gs_ctl query -D /opt/software/openGauss/data/single_node

gsql -d postgres

vi /opt/software/openGauss/data/single_node/pg_hba.conf
vi /opt/software/openGauss/data/single_node/postgresql.conf
listen_addresses = ‘*’ # what IP address(es) to listen on;
local_bind_address = ‘0.0.0.0’
password_encryption_type = 0 #Password storage type, 0 is md5 for PG, 1 is sha256 + md5, 2 is sha256
5.重启数据库
注意：必须先设置password_encryption_type参数，并重启数据库后，才对新建的用户生效，对设置参数前已经存在的用户是不生效的。

gs_ctl stop -D /opt/software/openGauss/data/single_node -Z /opt/software/openGauss/data/single_node
gs_ctl start -D /opt/software/openGauss/data/single_node -Z /opt/software/openGauss/data/single_node

gsql -d postgres
CREATE USER gsql PASSWORD 'Admin@123';
ALTER ROLE test SYSADMIN;

gsql -Ugsql -dpostgres -h192.168.13.167 密码Admin@123
gsql -Ugsql -dpostgres -h192.168.13.168 密码Admin@123