Win32编程day05 学习笔记
一 鼠标消息
1 鼠标消息
1) 基本鼠标消息
WM_LBUTTONDOWN 左键按下
WM_LBUTTONUP 左键抬起
WM_RBUTTONDOWN 右键按下
WM_RBUTTONUP 右键抬起
WM_MOUSEMOVE 鼠标移动
2) 双击消息
WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK 左键双击
WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK 右键双击
3) 滚轮消息
WM_MOUSEWHEEL 鼠标滚轮
2 消息的参数
WPARAM - 当前键盘和鼠标按键状态,例如MK_CONTROL/MK_SHIFT,MK_LBUTTON等
LPARAM - 当前鼠标的坐标,坐标的原点是窗口客户区的左上角.
X坐标 - LOWORD(lParam),低16位
Y坐标 - HIWORD(lParam),高16位
参数具体内容和具体鼠标消息有稍微不同.
3 消息的使用
3.1 基本鼠标消息,只需在窗口处理函数增加消息处理即可. 当消息来临,获取鼠标和按键状态.例如:
case WM_MOUSEMOVE: { int nX = LOWORD(lParam); int nY = HIWORD(lParam); }
附:坐标转换的函数 ClientToScreen可以将鼠标坐标转换为屏幕的坐标.
3.2 双击消息
3.2.1 窗口注册要增加 CS_DBLCLKS 类型
wce.style = CS_DBLCLKS|...;
3.2.2 在窗口处理函数中增加消息处理
3.2.3 产生过程,例如:WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK
WM_LBUTTONDOWN
WM_LBUTTONUP
WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK
WM_LBUTTONUP
连续两次LBUTTONDOWN的时间间隔小于预定的双击时间间隔,就会产生LBUTTONDBLCLK消息.
双击时间间隔可以通过控制面板调整.
3.3 滚轮消息
3.3.1 由于WM_MOUSEWHEEL需要Winnt4.0以上版本支持,所以需要包含在windows.h的头文件前,增加 _WIN32_WINNT 宏定义,
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0400
3.3.2 在窗口处理函数中增加消息处理
3.3.3 参数
LPARAM 与其它鼠标消息类同
WPARAM - LOWORD(WPARAM) 表示按键状态
HIWORD(WPARAM) 滚轮滚动幅度,
120的倍数,可以为正负值.
正值: 滚轮向上滚动, 一般窗口向上滚动
负值: 滚轮向下滚动, 一般窗口向下滚动
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// winmouse.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include "stdio.h" int g_nXPos = 0; int g_nYPos = 0; int g_nX1Rect = 0; int g_nY1Rect = 0; int g_nX2Rect = 0; int g_nY2Rect = 0; HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL; HANDLE g_hStdOut = NULL; void PrintLog(LPSTR lpszLog) { WriteConsole(g_hStdOut, lpszLog, strlen(lpszLog), NULL, NULL); } void OnPaint(HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { PAINTSTRUCT ps = {0}; HDC hDC = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps); CHAR szText[] = "Hello Mouse"; TextOut(hDC, g_nXPos, g_nYPos, szText, strlen(szText)); Rectangle(hDC, g_nX1Rect, g_nY1Rect, g_nX2Rect, g_nY2Rect); EndPaint(hWnd, &ps); } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( nMsg ) { case WM_PAINT: OnPaint(hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam); break; case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: { PrintLog("WM_LBUTTONDOWN\n"); g_nX1Rect = LOWORD(lParam); g_nY1Rect = HIWORD(lParam); } break; case WM_LBUTTONUP: { PrintLog("WM_LBUTTONUP\n"); g_nX2Rect = LOWORD(lParam); g_nY2Rect = HIWORD(lParam); InvalidateRect(hWnd, NULL, TRUE); } break; case WM_RBUTTONDOWN: PrintLog("WM_RBUTTONDOWN\n"); break; case WM_RBUTTONUP: PrintLog("WM_RBUTTONUP\n"); break; case WM_MOUSEMOVE: { int nX = LOWORD(lParam); int nY = HIWORD(lParam); POINT ptScreen = {0}; ptScreen.x = nX; ptScreen.y = nY; ClientToScreen(hWnd, &ptScreen); CHAR szText[260] = { 0 }; sprintf( szText, "WM_MOUSEMOVE: X=%d(%d),Y=%d(%d)\n", nX, ptScreen.x, nY, ptScreen.y ); PrintLog( szText ); if( wParam & MK_CONTROL ) { PrintLog( "WM_MOUSEMOVE: MK_CONTROL\n" ); } if( wParam & MK_LBUTTON ) { PrintLog( "WM_MOUSEMOVE: MK_LBUTTON\n" ); } g_nXPos = LOWORD(lParam); g_nYPos = HIWORD(lParam); InvalidateRect( hWnd, NULL, TRUE ); } break; case WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK: PrintLog( "WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK\n" ); break; case WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK: PrintLog( "WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK\n" ); break; case WM_MOUSEWHEEL: { short nDelta = HIWORD(wParam); int nX = LOWORD(lParam); int nY = HIWORD(lParam); CHAR szText[260] = { 0 }; sprintf( szText, "WM_MOUSEWHEEL: Detla=%d, X=%d,Y=%d\n", nDelta, nX, nY ); PrintLog( szText ); } break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); break; } return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); } BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 }; wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce ); wce.cbClsExtra = 0; wce.cbWndExtra = 0; wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW); wce.hCursor = NULL; wce.hIcon = NULL; wce.hIconSm = NULL; wce.hInstance = g_hInst; wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName; wce.lpszMenuName = NULL; wce.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW|CS_DBLCLKS; ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce ); if( 0 == nAtom ) { return FALSE; } return TRUE; } HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0, pszClassName, "MyWnd", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst, NULL ); return hWnd; } void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd ) { ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW ); UpdateWindow( hWnd ); } void Message( ) { MSG msg = { 0 }; while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) ) { TranslateMessage( &msg ); DispatchMessage( &msg ); } } void NewConsole( ) { AllocConsole( ); g_hStdOut = GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE ); } int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { NewConsole( ); g_hInst = hInstance; RegisterWnd( "MyWnd" ); HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MyWnd" ); DisplayWnd( hWnd ); Message( ); return 0; }
二 定时器消息
1 定时器消息 WM_TIMER
按照定时器设置时间段,自动向窗口发送一个定时器消息WM_TIMER. 优先级比较低.
定时器精度比较低,毫秒级别.消息产生时间也精度比较低.
2 消息和函数
2.1 WM_TIMER - 消息ID
wParam: 定时器的ID
lParam: 定时器的处理函数
2.2 SetTimer - 设置一个定时器
UINT SetTimer( HWND hWnd, //窗口的句柄,可以为NULL UINT nIDEvent,//定时器的ID,0为不预设ID UINT uElapse,//定时器时间间隔,毫秒级别 TIMERPROC lpTimerFunc );//定时器的处理函数,可以为NULL
返回一个创建好的定时器ID
2.3 KillTimer - 结束一个定时器
BOOL KillTimer( HWND hWnd,//窗口句柄 UINT uIDEvent );//定时器ID
2.4 TimerProc - 定时器处理函数
VOID CALLBACK TimerProc( HWND hwnd, //窗口句柄 UINT uMsg, //WM_TIMER消息ID UINT idEvent,//定时器ID DWORD dwTime );//当前系统时间
3 使用方式
3.1 创建定时器 SetTimer
3.1.1 指定窗口句柄HWND,那么 TIMERPROC 参数可以为空,那么WM_TIMER消息将会发送给指定窗口. 如果未指定, TIMERPROC不能空, 必须指定定时器处理程序.
3.1.2 如果指定定时器ID,SetTimer会按照这个ID创建定时器, 如果未指定,会返回一个创建定时器ID.
nTimerID = SetTimer( NULL, 0, 7 * 1000,TimerProc1 );
3.2 处理消息
可以根据消息传入定时器ID号,分别处理.
3.3 结束定时器
在不使用时, KillTimer结束定时器.
KillTimer( hWnd, 1000 );
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// WinTimer.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include "stdio.h" HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL; HANDLE g_hStdOut = NULL; UINT g_nTimerID1 = 0; void CALLBACK TimerProc1( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, UINT idEvent, DWORD dwTime ) { CHAR szText[] = "TimerProc1: Hello Timer\n"; WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL ); } void OnCreate( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { //使用窗口处理函数,创建2个定时器 SetTimer( hWnd, 1000, 3 * 1000, NULL ); SetTimer( hWnd, 1001, 5 * 1000, NULL ); //使用窗口处理函数, 未指明定时器ID g_nTimerID1 = SetTimer( hWnd, 0, 1 * 1000, NULL ); //使用TimerProc处理函数创建定时器 SetTimer( hWnd, 1002, 7 * 1000, TimerProc1 ); } void OnTimer( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( wParam ) { case 1000: { CHAR szText[] = "1000: Hello Timer\n"; WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL ); } break; case 1001: { CHAR szText[] = "1001: Hello Timer\n"; WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL ); } break; default: { CHAR szText[260] = {0}; sprintf( szText, "%d: Hello Timer\n", g_nTimerID1 ); WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL ); } break; } } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( nMsg ) { case WM_CREATE: OnCreate( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_TIMER: OnTimer( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_DESTROY: KillTimer( hWnd, 1000 ); PostQuitMessage( 0 ); return 0; } return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); } BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 }; wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce ); wce.cbClsExtra = 0; wce.cbWndExtra = 0; wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW); wce.hCursor = NULL; wce.hIcon = NULL; wce.hIconSm = NULL; wce.hInstance = g_hInst; wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName; wce.lpszMenuName = NULL; wce.style = CS_VREDRAW|CS_HREDRAW; ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce ); if( 0 == nAtom ) { return FALSE; } return TRUE; } HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0, pszClassName, "MyWnd", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst, 0 ); return hWnd; } void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd ) { ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW ); UpdateWindow( hWnd ); } void Message( ) { MSG msg = {0}; while ( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) ) { TranslateMessage( &msg ); DispatchMessage( &msg ); } } void NewConsole( ) { AllocConsole( ); g_hStdOut = GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE ); } int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { NewConsole( ); g_hInst = hInstance; RegisterWnd( "MYWND" ); HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" ); DisplayWnd( hWnd ); Message( ); return 0; }
三 菜单
1 菜单基础
菜单 - 每个菜单会有一个HMENU句柄
菜单项 - 每个菜单项会有一个ID号,可以根据这个ID执行不同的操作
2 菜单的使用
2.1 菜单创建
2.1.1 CreateMenu - MENU 菜单
2.1.2 CreatePopupMenu - POPUPMENU 弹出式菜单
2.1.3 AppenedMenu - 增加菜单项
BOOL AppendMenu( HMENU hMenu, //菜单句柄 UINT uFlags, //菜单项标示 UINT uIDNewItem, //菜单项的ID或者子菜单句柄 LPCTSTR lpNewItem ); //菜单项的名称
uFlags:
MF_STRING - lpNewItem是一个字符串
MF_POPUP - uIDNewItem是一个子菜单句柄
MF_SEPARATOR - 增加分隔项
MF_CHECKED/MF_UNCHECKED - 设置和取消菜单项的对勾
MF_DISABLED/MF_ENABLE - 菜单项禁止和允许状态
2.2 菜单的命令响应
2.2.1 WM_COMMAND消息
当用户点击菜单、按钮控件等时,系统会向窗口发送WM_COAMMD消息。
WPARAM:HIWORD - 通知消息标识
LOWORD - 菜单项的ID号
LPARAM:控件的句柄
2.2.2 命令处理
根据菜单项的ID号作相应处理。
2.3 菜单项的状态
2.3.1 WM_INITMENUPOPUP消息
当用户点击菜单,显示弹出菜单之前,系统会向窗口发送WM_INITMENUPOPUP消息。
WPARAM:是菜单句柄
LPARAM:LOWORD - 菜单位置
HIWORD - 是否是系统菜单
2.3.2 命令处理
根据WPARAM的菜单句柄,使用MenuAPI函数,修改菜单状态。
CheckMenuItem - 选择
EnableMenuItem - 允许和禁止
SetMenuItemInfo - 可以设置更多信息
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// WinMenu.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include "stdio.h" HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL; HANDLE g_hStdOut = NULL; BOOL g_bCheckCut = FALSE; void OnCreate( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { //创建主菜单 HMENU hMainMenu = CreateMenu( ); //创建子菜单 HMENU hFileMenu = CreatePopupMenu( ); //增加菜单项 AppendMenu( hFileMenu, MF_STRING|MF_CHECKED, 1001, "新建(&N)"); AppendMenu( hFileMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL ); AppendMenu( hFileMenu, MF_STRING, 1002, "退出(&X)"); AppendMenu( hMainMenu, MF_STRING|MF_POPUP, (UINT)hFileMenu, "文件(&F)"); HMENU hEditMenu = CreatePopupMenu( ); AppendMenu( hEditMenu, MF_STRING, 1003, "剪切(&T)" ); AppendMenu( hEditMenu, MF_STRING, 1004, "拷贝(&C)" ); AppendMenu( hEditMenu, MF_STRING, 1005, "粘贴(&P)" ); AppendMenu( hMainMenu, MF_STRING|MF_POPUP, (UINT)hEditMenu, "编辑(&E)"); HMENU hHelpMenu = CreatePopupMenu( ); AppendMenu( hHelpMenu, MF_STRING, 1006, "帮助(&H)" ); AppendMenu( hHelpMenu, MF_STRING, 1007, "关于(&A)" ); AppendMenu( hMainMenu, MF_STRING|MF_POPUP, (UINT)hHelpMenu, "帮助(&H)"); //给窗口设置主菜单 SetMenu( hWnd, hMainMenu ); } void OnCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { UINT nID = LOWORD( wParam ); CHAR szText[260] = {0}; sprintf( szText, "OnCommand: %d\n", nID ); WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL ); switch( nID ) { case 1002: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); break; case 1003: g_bCheckCut = !g_bCheckCut; break; } } void OnInitMenuPopup( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { CHAR szText[260] = { 0 }; sprintf( szText, "OnInitMenuPopup: WPARAM=%08X, LPARAM=%08X\n", wParam, lParam ); WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL ); HMENU hMenu = (HMENU)wParam; if( TRUE == g_bCheckCut ) { CheckMenuItem( hMenu, 1003, MF_CHECKED|MF_BYCOMMAND ); } else { CheckMenuItem( hMenu, 1003, MF_UNCHECKED|MF_BYCOMMAND ); } } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( nMsg ) { case WM_CREATE: OnCreate( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_COMMAND: OnCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_INITMENUPOPUP: OnInitMenuPopup( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); return 0; } return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); } BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 }; wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce ); wce.cbClsExtra = 0; wce.cbWndExtra = 0; wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW); wce.hCursor = NULL; wce.hIcon = NULL; wce.hIconSm = NULL; wce.hInstance = g_hInst; wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName; wce.lpszMenuName = NULL; wce.style = CS_VREDRAW|CS_HREDRAW; ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce ); if( 0 == nAtom ) { return FALSE; } return TRUE; } HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0, pszClassName, "MyWnd", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst, 0 ); return hWnd; } void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd ) { ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW ); UpdateWindow( hWnd ); } void Message( ) { MSG msg = {0}; while ( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) ) { TranslateMessage( &msg ); DispatchMessage( &msg ); } } void NewConsole( ) { AllocConsole( ); g_hStdOut = GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE ); } int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { NewConsole( ); g_hInst = hInstance; RegisterWnd( "MYWND" ); HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" ); DisplayWnd( hWnd ); Message( ); return 0; }