Python中Jwt

目录

• python
  • 加密
  • 校验
  • 案例
    • djangorestframework

python

加密

pip3 install pyjwt

import jwt
import datetime
from jwt import exceptions
SALT = 'iv%x6xo7l7_u9bf_u!9#g#m*)*=ej@bek5)(@u3kh*72+unjv='
def create_token():
    # 构造header
    headers = {
        'typ': 'jwt',
        'alg': 'HS256'
    }
    # 构造payload
    payload = {
        'user_id': 1, # 自定义用户ID
        'username': 'wupeiqi', # 自定义用户名
        'exp': datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(minutes=5) # 超时时间
    }
    result = jwt.encode(payload=payload, key=SALT, algorithm="HS256", headers=headers).decode('utf-8')
    return result
if __name__ == '__main__':
    token = create_token()
    print(token)

校验

对第一部分header_segment进行base64url解密，得到header

对第二部分payload_segment进行base64url解密，得到payload

对第三部分crypto_segment进行base64url解密，得到signature

对第三部分signature部分数据进行合法性校验

拼接前两段密文，即：signing_input
从第一段明文中获取加密算法，默认：HS256
使用 算法+盐 对signing_input 进行加密，将得到的结果和signature密文进行比较

port jwt
import datetime
from jwt import exceptions
def get_payload(token):
    """
    根据token获取payload
    :param token:
    :return:
    """
    try:
        # 从token中获取payload【不校验合法性】
        # unverified_payload = jwt.decode(token, None, False)
        # print(unverified_payload)
        # 从token中获取payload【校验合法性】
        verified_payload = jwt.decode(token, SALT, True)
        return verified_payload
    except exceptions.ExpiredSignatureError:
        print('token已失效')
    except jwt.DecodeError:
        print('token认证失败')
    except jwt.InvalidTokenError:
        print('非法的token')
if __name__ == '__main__':
    token = "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJleHAiOjE1NzM1NTU1NzksInVzZXJuYW1lIjoid3VwZWlxaSIsInVzZXJfaWQiOjF9.xj-7qSts6Yg5Ui55-aUOHJS4KSaeLq5weXMui2IIEJU"
    payload = get_payload(token)

案例

djangorestframework

extensions -- auth.py 认证类

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework import exceptions
from utils.jwt_auth import parse_payload




class JwtQueryParamAuthentication(BaseAuthentication):
    """
    用户需要在url中通过参数进行传输token，例如：
    http://www.pythonav.com?token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJleHAiOjE1NzM1NTU1NzksInVzZXJuYW1lIjoid3VwZWlxaSIsInVzZXJfaWQiOjF9.xj-7qSts6Yg5Ui55-aUOHJS4KSaeLq5weXMui2IIEJU
    """


    def authenticate(self, request):
        token = request.query_params.get('token')
        payload = parse_payload(token)
        if not payload['status']:
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(payload)


        # 如果想要request.user等于用户对象，此处可以根据payload去数据库中获取用户对象。
        return (payload, token)




class JwtAuthorizationAuthentication(BaseAuthentication):
    """
    用户需要通过请求头的方式来进行传输token，例如：
    Authorization:jwt eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJleHAiOjE1NzM1NTU1NzksInVzZXJuYW1lIjoid3VwZWlxaSIsInVzZXJfaWQiOjF9.xj-7qSts6Yg5Ui55-aUOHJS4KSaeLq5weXMui2IIEJU
    """


    def authenticate(self, request):


        # 非登录页面需要校验token
        authorization = request.META.get('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION', '')
        auth = authorization.split()
        if not auth:
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed({'error': '未获取到Authorization请求头', 'status': False})
        if auth[0].lower() != 'jwt':
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed({'error': 'Authorization请求头中认证方式错误', 'status': False})


        if len(auth) == 1:
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed({'error': "非法Authorization请求头", 'status': False})
        elif len(auth) > 2:
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed({'error': "非法Authorization请求头", 'status': False})


        token = auth[1]
        result = parse_payload(token)
        if not result['status']:
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(result)


        # 如果想要request.user等于用户对象，此处可以根据payload去数据库中获取用户对象。
        return (result, token)

utils -- jwt_auth.py 生成或验证token

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import jwt
import datetime
from jwt import exceptions


JWT_SALT = 'iv%x6xo7l7_u9bf_u!9#g#m*)*=ej@bek5)(@u3kh*72+unjv='




def create_token(payload, timeout=20):
    """
    :param payload:  例如：{'user_id':1,'username':'wupeiqi'}用户信息
    :param timeout: token的过期时间，默认20分钟
    :return:
    """
    headers = {
        'typ': 'jwt',
        'alg': 'HS256'
    }
    payload['exp'] = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(minutes=timeout)
    result = jwt.encode(payload=payload, key=JWT_SALT, algorithm="HS256", headers=headers).decode('utf-8')
    return result




def parse_payload(token):
    """
    对token进行和发行校验并获取payload
    :param token:
    :return:
    """
    result = {'status': False, 'data': None, 'error': None}
    try:
        verified_payload = jwt.decode(token, JWT_SALT, True)
        result['status'] = True
        result['data'] = verified_payload
    except exceptions.ExpiredSignatureError:
        result['error'] = 'token已失效'
    except jwt.DecodeError:
        result['error'] = 'token认证失败'
    except jwt.InvalidTokenError:
        result['error'] = '非法的token'
    return result