关于websocket 在生产环境中遇到的问题 及 解决办法
一 生产环境说明
1) tornado 4.2
2) Tornado-MySQL
3) supervisor 3.0b2
4) protobuf 2.6.1
5) python 2.7.6
6) nginx/1.4.6
二 实际问题
1) 问:使用nginx 代理后不能访问 报错 WARNING:tornado.access:400 GET /ws (127.0.0.1) 0.79ms
或者 连接失败后 会反复发起连接请求。
答:需要在nginx 的location中新增如下配置
# websocket proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade; proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
2) 问: a) The 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header contains multiple values '*, http://localhost', but only one is allowed. Origin 'http://localhost' is therefore not allowed access.
b) websocket._exceptions.WebsocketBadStatusException: Handshake status 400
答:Access-Control-Allow-Origin
是HTML5中定义的一种服务器端返回Response header,用来解决资源(比如字体)的跨域权限问题。它定义了该资源允许被哪个域引用,或者被所有域引用(google字体使用*表示字体资源允许被所有域引用)。
解决办法:只需要 add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin 一次就好!
http { ...... add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *; add_header Access-Control-Allow-Headers X-Requested-With; add_header Access-Control-Allow-Methods GET,POST,OPTIONS; ...... }
3) 问:如何调试websocket?
答:可以通过 websocket-client 写脚本测试。 具体实例可参看 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/websocket-client/
$ sudo pip install websocket-client $ python Python 2.7.6 [GCC 4.8.2] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import websocket >>> websocket <module 'websocket' from '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/websocket/__init__.pyc'>
4) 问:如何实现定时任务 及 stop server 前执行某个任务?
答:可以通过tornado.ioloop.PeriodicCallback 执行定时任务
在supervisorctl stop/restart program_name 时捕获 signal.SIGINT signal.SIGTERM 实现
import Queue DIRTY_DATAS = Queue.Queue() a) from tornado.ioloop import PeriodicCallback periodic = PeriodicCallback(lambda: sync_dirty_db_datas(DIRTY_DATAS), 5) periodic.start() b) import signal import tornado.gen import tornado.ioloop @tornado.gen.coroutine def signal_handler(signum, frame): yield sync_dirty_db_datas(DIRTY_DATAS) tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().stop() # receive SIGINT SIGTERM signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler) signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, signal_handler)
5) 问:error: [Errno 24] Too many open files in python and tornado
[E 140102 17:07:37 ioloop:660] Exception in I/O handler for fd 11 Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/tornado/ioloop.py", line 653, in start self._handlers[fd](fd, events) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/tornado/stack_context.py", line 241, in wrapped callback(*args, **kwargs) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/tornado/netutil.py", line 136, in accept_handler connection, address = sock.accept() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/socket.py", line 202, in accept error: [Errno 24] Too many open files
答: update the field: open files.
6) 问:operationalerror (1040 'too many connections') in python and mysql
答:
mysql> show variables like "max_connections";
检查mysql可允许的最大连接数 和 自身的应用设置的最大可连接数,后者不可超过前者设置的最大值。