asp.net core 2.1 MVC 控制器,接收参数,数据绑定

1.参数

HttpRequest

HttpRequest 是用户请求对象
QueryString
Form
Cookie
Session
Header
实例:

        public IActionResult Index()
        {
			QueryString x = Request.QueryString; //	?a=1
            string x = Request.Query["a"]; //1
            return View();
        }

HttpContext

HttpContext 是用户请求上下文
提供Session属性获取Session对象
Session.Set设置
Session.Remove移除
Session.TryGetValue获取数据

2.数据绑定

2.1.Model Binding

要接收Client 传送来的数据,可以通过Action 的参数接收,如下:

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
 
namespace MyWebsite.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public IActionResult Index(int id)
        {
            return Content($"id: {id}");
        }
    }
}

id就是从HTTP Request的内容被Binding的Model参数。
预设的Model Binding会从HTTP Request的三个地方取值(优先顺序由上到下):
如果三者都传入的话,会依照优先顺序取值Form > Route > Query

2.2.Attribute Binding

默认绑定方式,使用特性:

[FromBody] 请求体
[FromHeader] headers
[FromQuery] 查询字符串
[FromRoute] 路由数据
[FromForm] 表单数据
[FromServices] 服务注册

示例1 FromHeader

前台:

<div style="height:100px">
    <input type="button" value="提交带header参数" onclick="save()" />
</div>

<script>
    function save() {
        $.ajax({
            url: "home/index",
            beforeSend: function (xhr) {
                xhr.setRequestHeader("username", "tangsansan");
            },
            type:"post",
            success: function(data) {
                
            }
        });
    }
</script>

后台:

        public IActionResult Index([FromHeader] string username)
        {
            QueryString x = Request.QueryString;
            return View();
        }

示例2

public class HomeController : Controller
{
    public IActionResult FirstSample(
        [FromHeader]string header,
        [FromForm]string form,
        [FromRoute]string id,
        [FromQuery]string query)
    {
        return Content($"header: {header}, form: {form}, id: {id}, query: {query}");
    }
     
    public IActionResult DISample([FromServices] ILogger<HomeController> logger)
    {
        return Content($"logger is null: {logger == null}.");
    }
 
    public IActionResult BodySample([FromBody]UserModel model)
    {
        return Ok(model);
    }
}
 
// ...
public class UserModel
{
    public int Id { get; set; }       
    public string Name { get; set; }       
    public string Email { get; set; }       
    public string PhoneNumber { get; set; }       
    public string Address { get; set; }
}

输出结果

FirstSample输出结果:

DISample输出结果:
http://localhost:5000/Home/DISample
BodySample输出结果:

  • JSON
  • XML

3.模型验证

Model Binding 也可以顺便帮忙验证字段数据,只要在字段的属性上面带上Validation Attributes,如下:

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
// ...
public class UserModel
{
    [Required]
    public int Id { get; set; }
 
    [RegularExpression(@"\w+")]
    [StringLength(20, MinimumLength = 4)]
    public string Name { get; set; }
 
    [EmailAddress]
    public string Email { get; set; }
 
    [Phone]
    public string PhoneNumber { get; set; }
 
    [StringLength(200)]
    public string Address { get; set; }
}

然后在Action 加上判断:

Controllers\HomeController.cs

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
 
namespace MyWebsite.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        // ...
        public IActionResult BodySample([FromBody]UserModel model)
        {
            // 由于 Id 是 int 类型,int 默认为 0
            // 虽然带上了 [Required],但不是 null 所以算是有值。
            if (model.Id < 1)
            {
                ModelState.AddModelError("Id", "Id not exist");
            }
            if (ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                return Ok(model);
            }
            return BadRequest(ModelState);
        }
    }
}

.NET Core提供了很多的Validation Attributes,可以参考官网 System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations

自定义Validation Attributes

如果.NET Core提供的Validation Attributes不够用还可以自己做。
例如上述范例的数据模型多了生日字段,需要验证年龄:

using System;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
 
namespace MyWebsite.Attributes
{
    public class AgeCheckAttribute : ValidationAttribute
    {
        public int MinimumAge { get; private set; }
        public int MaximumAge { get; private set; }
 
        public AgeCheckAttribute(int minimumAge, int maximumAge)
        {
            MinimumAge = minimumAge;
            MaximumAge = maximumAge;
        }
 
        protected override ValidationResult IsValid(object value, ValidationContext validationContext)
        {
            var date = Convert.ToDateTime(value);
 
            if (date.AddYears(MinimumAge) > DateTime.Today
                || date.AddYears(MaximumAge) < DateTime.Today)
            {
                return new ValidationResult(GetErrorMessage(validationContext));
            }
 
            return ValidationResult.Success;
        }
 
        private string GetErrorMessage(ValidationContext validationContext)
        {
            // 有帶 ErrorMessage 的话优先使用
            // [AgeCheck(18, 120, ErrorMessage="xxx")]
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.ErrorMessage))
            {
                return this.ErrorMessage;
            }
 
            // 自定义错误信息
            return $"{validationContext.DisplayName} can't be in future";
        }
    }
}

参考:

snailteam,ASP.NET Core 2 学习笔记(九)模型绑定

posted @ 2018-12-21 00:10  【唐】三三  阅读(7007)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报