net core 使用 rabbitmq
windows环境安装:
https://www.cnblogs.com/ericli-ericli/p/5902270.html
.NET Core 使用RabbitMQ
https://www.cnblogs.com/stulzq/p/7551819.html
安装
"C:\Program Files\RabbitMQ Server\rabbitmq_server-3.7.9\sbin\rabbitmq-plugins.bat" enable rabbitmq_management
net stop RabbitMQ && net start RabbitMQ
创建用户,密码,绑定角色
查看已有用户及用户的角色:
rabbitmqctl.bat list_users
新增一个用户:
rabbitmqctl.bat add_user username password
示例:
rabbitmqctl.bat add_user tangsansan 123456
rabbitmqctl.bat set_user_tags username administrator
示例:
rabbitmqctl.bat set_user_tags tangsansan administrator
基本用法
引入:RabbitMQ.Client
消费者
//创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory
{
UserName = "tangsansan",//用户名
Password = "123456",//密码
HostName = "localhost"//rabbitmq ip
};
//创建连接
var connection = factory.CreateConnection();
//创建通道
var channel = connection.CreateModel();
//事件基本消费者
EventingBasicConsumer consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
//接收到消息事件
consumer.Received += (ch, ea) =>
{
var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body);
Console.WriteLine($"收到消息: {message}");
//确认该消息已被消费
channel.BasicAck(ea.DeliveryTag, false);
};
//启动消费者 设置为手动应答消息
channel.BasicConsume("hello", false, consumer);
Console.WriteLine("消费者已启动");
Console.ReadKey();
channel.Dispose();
connection.Close();
生产者
//创建连接工厂
var factory = new ConnectionFactory()
{
UserName = "tangsansan",//用户名
Password = "123456",//密码
HostName = "localhost"//rabbitmq ip
};
//创建连接
var connection = factory.CreateConnection();
//创建通道
var channel = connection.CreateModel();
//定义一个队列
channel.QueueDeclare("hello", false, false, false, null);
Console.WriteLine("\nRabbitMQ连接成功,请输入消息,输入exit退出!");
string input;
do
{
input = Console.ReadLine();
var sendBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(input);
//发布消息
channel.BasicPublish("", "hello", null, sendBytes);
} while (input.Trim().ToLower() != "exit");
channel.Close();
connection.Close();
启动了一个生产者,两个消费者,可以看见两个消费者都能收到消息,消息投递到哪个消费者是由RabbitMQ决定的。
RabbitMQ消费失败的处理
RabbitMQ采用消息应答机制,即消费者收到一个消息之后,需要发送一个应答,然后RabbitMQ才会将这个消息从队列中删除,如果消费者
在消费过程中出现异常,断开连接切没有发送应答,那么RabbitMQ会将这个消息重新投递
//接收到消息事件
consumer.Received += (ch, ea) =>
{
var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body);
Console.WriteLine($"收到消息: {message}");
Console.WriteLine($"收到该消息[{ea.DeliveryTag}] 延迟10s发送回执");
Thread.Sleep(10000);
//确认该消息已被消费
channel.BasicAck(ea.DeliveryTag, false);
Console.WriteLine($"已发送回执[{ea.DeliveryTag}]");
};
使用RabbitMQ的Exchange
前面我们可以看到生产者将消息投递到Queue中,实际上这在RabbitMQ中这种事情永远都不会发生。实际的情况是,生产者将消息发送到Exchange(交换器),由Exchange将消息路由到一个或多个Queue中(或者丢弃)
Direct Exchange
【直接交换(按RouteKey)】:
直接按照绑定的RouteKey
生产消费。
string exchangeName = "TestChange";
string queueName = "hello";
string routeKey = "helloRouteKey";
//创建连接工厂
var factory = new ConnectionFactory()
{
UserName = "tangsansan",//用户名
Password = "123456",//密码
HostName = "localhost"//rabbitmq ip
};
//创建连接
var connection = factory.CreateConnection();
//创建通道
var channel = connection.CreateModel();
//定义一个Direct类型交换机
channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchangeName, ExchangeType.Direct, false, false, null);
//定义一个队列
channel.QueueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
//将队列绑定到交换机
channel.QueueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routeKey, null);
Console.WriteLine($"\nRabbitMQ连接成功,Exchange:{exchangeName},Queue:{queueName},Route:{routeKey},\n\n请输入消息,输入exit退出!");
string input;
do
{
input = Console.ReadLine();
var sendBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(input);
//发布消息
channel.BasicPublish(exchangeName, routeKey, null, sendBytes);
} while (input.Trim().ToLower() != "exit");
channel.Close();
connection.Close();
Fanout Exchange
【分发】:
所有绑定fanout exchange队列发送的消息,会被所有绑定fanout exchange队列的消费者消费掉。不按RouteKey
处理。
所有发送到Fanout Exchange的消息都会被转发到与该Exchange 绑定(Binding)的所有Queue上。
Fanout Exchange 不需要处理RouteKey 。只需要简单的将队列绑定到exchange 上。这样发送到exchange的消息都会被转发到与该交换机绑定的所有队列上。类似子网广播,每台子网内的主机都获得了一份复制的消息。
所以,Fanout Exchange 转发消息是最快的。
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string exchangeName = "TestFanoutChange";
string queueName1 = "hello1";
string queueName2 = "hello";
string routeKey = "";
//创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory
{
UserName = "tangsansan",//用户名
Password = "123456",//密码
HostName = "localhost"//rabbitmq ip
};
//创建连接
var connection = factory.CreateConnection();
//创建通道
var channel = connection.CreateModel();
//定义一个Direct类型交换机
channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchangeName, ExchangeType.Fanout, false, false, null);
//定义队列1
channel.QueueDeclare(queueName1, false, false, false, null);
//定义队列2
channel.QueueDeclare(queueName2, false, false, false, null);
//将队列绑定到交换机
channel.QueueBind(queueName1, exchangeName, routeKey, null);
channel.QueueBind(queueName2, exchangeName, routeKey, null);
//生成两个队列的消费者
ConsumerGenerator(queueName1);
ConsumerGenerator(queueName2);
Console.WriteLine($"\nRabbitMQ连接成功,\n\n请输入消息,输入exit退出!");
string input;
do
{
input = Console.ReadLine();
var sendBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(input);
//发布消息
channel.BasicPublish(exchangeName, routeKey, null, sendBytes);
} while (input.Trim().ToLower() != "exit");
channel.Close();
connection.Close();
}
/// <summary>
/// 根据队列名称生成消费者
/// </summary>
/// <param name="queueName"></param>
static void ConsumerGenerator(string queueName)
{
//创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory
{
UserName = "tangsansan",//用户名
Password = "123456",//密码
HostName = "localhost"//rabbitmq ip
};
//创建连接
var connection = factory.CreateConnection();
//创建通道
var channel = connection.CreateModel();
//事件基本消费者
EventingBasicConsumer consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
//接收到消息事件
consumer.Received += (ch, ea) =>
{
var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body);
Console.WriteLine($"Queue:{queueName}收到消息: {message}");
//确认该消息已被消费
channel.BasicAck(ea.DeliveryTag, false);
};
//启动消费者 设置为手动应答消息
channel.BasicConsume(queueName, false, consumer);
Console.WriteLine($"Queue:{queueName},消费者已启动");
}
Topic Exchange
所有发送到Topic Exchange的消息被转发到能和Topic匹配的Queue上,
Exchange 将路由进行模糊匹配。可以使用通配符进行模糊匹配,符号“#”匹配一个或多个词,符号“”匹配不多不少一个词。因此“XiaoChen.#”能够匹配到“XiaoChen.pets.cat”,但是“XiaoChen.” 只会匹配到“XiaoChen.money”。
所以,Topic Exchange 使用非常灵活。
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string exchangeName = "TestTopicChange";
string queueName = "hello";
string routeKey = "TestRouteKey.*";
//创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory
{
UserName = "tangsansan",//用户名
Password = "123456",//密码
HostName = "localhost"//rabbitmq ip
};
//创建连接
var connection = factory.CreateConnection();
//创建通道
var channel = connection.CreateModel();
//定义一个Direct类型交换机
channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchangeName, ExchangeType.Topic, false, false, null);
//定义队列1
channel.QueueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
//将队列绑定到交换机
channel.QueueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routeKey, null);
Console.WriteLine($"\nRabbitMQ连接成功,\n\n请输入消息,输入exit退出!");
string input;
do
{
input = Console.ReadLine();
var sendBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(input);
//发布消息
channel.BasicPublish(exchangeName, "TestRouteKey.one", null, sendBytes);
} while (input.Trim().ToLower() != "exit");
channel.Close();
connection.Close();
}
问题:
None of the specified endpoints were reachable
这个异常在创建连接时抛出(CreateConnection()),原因一般是ConnectionFactory参数设置不对,比如HostName、UserName、Password
未设置VirtualHost的权限
设置方法:RabbitmqWeb管理网站-->Admin