登录认证
登录认证
一、模型与配置
settings.py
# drf配置
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
# 渲染模块
'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': ['rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer'],
# 异常模块
# 'EXCEPTION_HANDLER': 'rest_framework.views.exception_handler',
'EXCEPTION_HANDLER': 'utils.exception.exception_handler',
# 认证模块
'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': [
# 'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication',
# 'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication',
# 自定义认证类
],
# 权限模块
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [
# 'rest_framework.permissions.AllowAny',
# 'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated',
# 自定义权限类
],
}
# 修改auth模块的用户表指向
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'api.User'
# 注意!!!
# 1)auth认证6表必须在第一次数据库迁移前确定,第一次数据库迁移完成
# 2)完成数据库迁移,出现了auth的用户表迁移异常,需要删除的数据库迁移文件
# User表所在的自定义应用下的、admin组件下的、auth组件下的
urls.py:
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^api/', include('api.urls')),
]
api.urls.py:
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
# 返回所有的用户(超级管理员才能查看)
url(r'^users/$', views.UserListAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^login/$', views.LoginAPIView.as_view()),
]
models.py:
from django.db import models
from django.contrib,auth.models import AbstractUser
class User(AbstractUser):
mobile = models.Charfield(max_length=, unique=True)
class Meta:
db_table = 'od_user'
verbose_name+plural = '用户表'
def __str__(self):
return self.username
admin.py:
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin as AuthUserAdmin
# 注册自定义User表,可以操作显示字段,并将密码改为密文
class UserAdimn(AuthUserAdmin):
add_fieldsets = (
(None, {
'classes': ('wide',),
# 添加用户界面可操作的字段
'fields': ('username','password1', 'password2', 'mobile', 'email', 'is_staff', 'is_active'
}),
)
list_display = ('username', 'mobile', 'email', 'is_staff', 'is_active')
admin.site.register(models.User, UserAdmin)
二、响应模块、序列化与自定义签发token
response.py:
from rest_framework.response import Response
class APIResponse(Response):
# 格式化data
def __init__(self, statu=0, msg='ok', result=None, http_status=None, headers=None, exception=False, **kwargs):
data = {
'status': ststus,
'msg': msg
}
if result in not None: # 后台有数据,响应数据
data['results'] = results
data.uopdate(**kwargs) # 后台的一切自定义响应数据直接放到响应数据data中
super().__init__(data=data, status=http_status, headers=headers, exception=exception)
serializers.py:
from restfrom rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.serializers import ModelSerializer, ValidationError
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate
from . import models
class UserModelsSerializer(ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.User
fields = ('username', 'email', 'mobile')
class LoginModelSerializer(ModelSerializer):
# username和password字段默认会走系统校验,而系统的post请求校验,一定当做增方式校验,所以用户名会出现 重复 的异常
# 所以自定义两个字段接收前台的账号密码
usr = serializers.CharField(write_only=Ture)
pwd = serializers.CharField(write_only=True)
class Meta:
model = models.User
field = ('usr, 'pwd)
def validate(self, attrs):
usr = attr.get('usr')
pwd = attr.get('pwd')
try:
user_obj = authenticate(username=usr, password=pwd)
except:
raise ValidationError({'user': '信息有误'})
# 扩展名称空间
self.user = user_obj
# 签发token
self.token = _get_token(user_obj)
return attrs
自定义签发token
分析:拿user得到token,后期还需要通过token得到user.
签发算法:b64encode(用户名).b64encode(用户主键).md5(用户名+用户主键+服务器秘钥)
拆封token:一段 二段 三段用户名;b64decode(一段)用户主键;b64decode(二段)碰撞解密;md5(用户名+用户主键+服务器秘钥) (三段) 。
import base64, json, bashlib
from django.conf import settings
def _get_token(obj):
t1 = base64.b64encode(json.dumps({'username':obj.username}).encode()).decode()
t2 = base64.b64(json.dumps({'pk':obj.id}).encode()).decode()
t3_json = json.dumps({
'username': obj.username,
'pk': obj.pk,
'key': settings.SECRET_KEY
})
t3 = hashlib.md5(t3_json.encode()).hexdigest()
return '%s.%s.%s' % (t1,t2,t3)
三、视图层、自定义验证token
authentications.py
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed
class TokenAuthentication(BaseAuthentication):
prefix = 'Token'
def authenticate(self, request):
# 拿到前台的token
auth = request.META.get('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION')
# 没拿到返回None,拿到进行验证
if not auth:
return None
auth_list - auth.split()
if not (len(auth_list) == 2 and auth_list[0].lower == self.prefix.lower()):
raise AuthenticationFailed('非法用户')
token = auth_list[1]
# 校验算法
user = _get_obj(token)
# 校验失败抛异常,成功返回
return (user, token)
校验算法:
拆封token:一段 二段 三段用户名:b64decode(一段)用户主键:b64decode(二段)碰撞解密:md5(用户名+用户主键+服务器秘钥)(三段)。
import base64, json, hashlib
from django.conf import settings
from api.models import User
def _get_obj(token):
token_list = token.split('.')
if len(token_list) != 3:
raise AuthenticationFailed('token异常')
username = json.loads(base64.b64decode(token_list[0]).get('username'))
pk = json.loads(base64.b64decode(token[1])).get['pk']
md5_dic = {
'username': username,
'pk': pk,
'key': settings.SECRET_KEY
}
if token_list[2] != hashlib.md5(json.dumps(md_dic).encode()).hexdigest():
raise AuthenticationFailed('token内容异常')
user_obj = User.object.get(pk=pk, username=username)
return user_obj
认证类的核心规则:
def authenticate(self, request):
token = get_token(request)
try:
user = get_user(token)
except:
raise AuthenticationFailed()
return(user, token)
permissions.py
from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission
class SuperUserPermission(BasePermission):
def has_permission(self, request, view):
return request.user and request.user.is_superuser
views.py
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
from . import models, serializers
# 查看所有用户信息,前提:必须是登录的超级管理员
from utils.authentications import TokenAuthentication
from utils.permissions import SuperUserPermission
class UserListAPIView(ListAPIView):
# 同电商网站,多接口是不需要登录的,少接口需要登录,使用在需要登录的接口中完成局部配置,进行局部接口校验
authentication_classes = [TokenAuthentication]
permission_classes = [SuperUserPermission]
queryset = models.User.objects.filter(is_active=True, is_superuser=False).all()
serializer_class = serializers.UserModelSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
return APIRsepoise(data=response.data)
# 登录接口:如果是超级管理员登录,返回一个可以交易出超级管理员的token字符串
# 只要有用户登录,就可以返回一个与登录用户相关的token字符串 => 返回给前台 => 签发token => user_obj -> token_str
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
class LoginAPIView(APIView):
# 登录接口一定要做:局部禁用 认证 与 权限 校验
authentication_class = []
permission_classes = []
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
serializer = serializers.LoginModelSerializer(data=request.data)
# 校验成功后,就可以返回信息,一定不能调用save方法,因为该post方法只完成数据库查操作
# 所以校验会得到user对象,并且在校验过程中,会完成token签发(user_obj -> token_str)
serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=Ture)
return APIResopnse(data={
'username': serializer.user.username,
'token': serializer.token
})
四、认证与权限
权限模块工作原理:
1)继承BasePermission类,重写has_permission方法。
2)权限规则(has_permission方法实现体):
返回True,代表有权限
返回False,代表无权限
认证模块工作原理:
1)继承BaseAuthentication类,重写authenticate方法
2)认证规则(authenticate方法实现体):
没有携带认证信息,直接返回None => 游客
有认证信息,校验失败,抛异常 => 非法用户
有认证信息,校验出User对象 => 合法用户