android的APT技术
转载请标明出处:https:////www.cnblogs.com/tangZH/p/12343786.html,
APT 是Annotation Processing Tool 的简称。
事实上它是javac的一个工具,命令行运行javac后便可以看到:
接下来我们就来实现一个apt的实例,类似于ButterKnife中@BindView注解,基本步骤如下:
1、定义要被处理的注解。
2、定义注解处理器(生成具体的类)。
3、调用处理器生成的代码
对应的,我们在工程中需要有这几个模块:
1、app。测试我们的功能
2、apt-annotation。一个Java library module,放置我们自定义注解
3、apt-processor。一个Java library module,注解处理器模块
4、apt-sdk。一个Android library module,通过反射调用apt-processor模块生成的方法,实现view的绑定。
工程目录如下:
1、在apt-annotation中自定义注解:
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
public @interface BindView {
int value();
}
2、apt-processor中引入依赖,它需要依赖apt-annotation,同时还需要依赖auto-service第三方库,后面创建注解处理器的时候需要用到。
apt-processor/build.gradle文件中:
implementation project(':apt-annotation')
implementation 'com.google.auto.service:auto-service:1.0-rc2'
3、在pat-processor中创建注解处理器:
处理器需要继承AbstractProcessor,注意该module是 java module,如果创建的是android module的话那么就会找不到AbstractProcessor
@AutoService(Processor.class)
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
public class BindViewProcessor extends AbstractProcessor {
private Elements mElementUtils;
private Map<String, ClassCreatorFactory> mClassCreatorFactoryMap = new HashMap<>();
@Override
public synchronized void init(ProcessingEnvironment processingEnvironment) {
super.init(processingEnvironment);
//拿到工具类
mElementUtils = processingEnvironment.getElementUtils();
}
@Override
public Set<String> getSupportedAnnotationTypes() {
//这个注解处理器是给哪个注解用的
HashSet<String> supportType = new LinkedHashSet<>();
supportType.add(BindView.class.getCanonicalName());
return supportType;
}
@Override
public SourceVersion getSupportedSourceVersion() {
//返回java版本
return SourceVersion.latestSupported();
}
@Override
public boolean process(Set<? extends TypeElement> set, RoundEnvironment roundEnvironment) {
mClassCreatorFactoryMap.clear();
//得到所有包含该注解的element集合
Set<? extends Element> elements = roundEnvironment.getElementsAnnotatedWith(BindView.class);
for (Element element : elements) {
//转换为VariableElement,VariableElement为element的子类
VariableElement variableElement = (VariableElement) element;
//可以获取类的信息的element,也是element的子类
TypeElement classElement = (TypeElement) variableElement.getEnclosingElement();
//获取包名加类名
String fullClassName = classElement.getQualifiedName().toString();
//保存到集合中
ClassCreatorFactory factory = mClassCreatorFactoryMap.get(fullClassName);
if (factory == null) {
factory = new ClassCreatorFactory(mElementUtils, classElement);
mClassCreatorFactoryMap.put(fullClassName, factory);
}
BindView bindViewAnnotation = variableElement.getAnnotation(BindView.class);
int id = bindViewAnnotation.value();
factory.putElement(id, variableElement);
}
//开始创建java类
for (String key : mClassCreatorFactoryMap.keySet()) {
ClassCreatorFactory factory = mClassCreatorFactoryMap.get(key);
try {
JavaFileObject fileObject = processingEnv.getFiler().createSourceFile(
factory.getClassFullName(), factory.getTypeElement());
Writer writer = fileObject.openWriter();
//写入java代码
writer.write(factory.generateJavaCode());
writer.flush();
writer.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return true;
}
}
需要注意的是代码中不能有中文,否则编译不通过,我这里为了方便注释解释加上了中文。
ClassCreatorFactory的代码如下,这个类负责提供需要写入新的类的代码:
public class ClassCreatorFactory {
private String mBindClassName;
private String mPackageName;
private TypeElement mTypeElement;
private Map<Integer, VariableElement> mVariableElementMap = new HashMap<>();
ClassCreatorFactory(Elements elementUtils, TypeElement classElement) {
this.mTypeElement = classElement;
//PackageElement是element的子类,可以拿到包信息
PackageElement packageElement = elementUtils.getPackageOf(mTypeElement);
String packageName = packageElement.getQualifiedName().toString();
String className = mTypeElement.getSimpleName().toString();
this.mPackageName = packageName;
//生成的类的名称
this.mBindClassName = className + "_ViewBinding";
}
public void putElement(int id, VariableElement element) {
mVariableElementMap.put(id, element);
}
public String generateJavaCode() {
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
stringBuilder.append("/**\n" + " * Auto Created by apt\n" + "*/\n");
stringBuilder.append("package ").append(mPackageName).append(";\n");
stringBuilder.append('\n');
stringBuilder.append("public class ").append(mBindClassName);
stringBuilder.append(" {\n");
generateBindViewMethods(stringBuilder);
stringBuilder.append('\n');
stringBuilder.append("}\n");
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
private void generateBindViewMethods(StringBuilder stringBuilder) {
stringBuilder.append("\tpublic void bindView(");
stringBuilder.append(mTypeElement.getQualifiedName());
stringBuilder.append(" owner) {\n");
for (int id : mVariableElementMap.keySet()) {
VariableElement variableElement = mVariableElementMap.get(id);
String viewName = variableElement.getSimpleName().toString();
String viewType = variableElement.asType().toString();
stringBuilder.append("\t\towner.");
stringBuilder.append(viewName);
stringBuilder.append(" = ");
stringBuilder.append("(");
stringBuilder.append(viewType);
stringBuilder.append(")(((android.app.Activity)owner).findViewById( ");
stringBuilder.append(id);
stringBuilder.append("));\n");
}
stringBuilder.append(" }\n");
}
public String getClassFullName() {
return mPackageName + "." + mBindClassName;
}
public TypeElement getTypeElement() {
return mTypeElement;
}
}
先不谈apt-sdk模块,我们先来看看生成的代码是怎么样的。
在app的gradle中引入:
implementation project(':apt-annotation')
annotationProcessor project(':apt-processor')
特别要注意的是apt-processor模块的依赖引进要用 annotationProcessor,否则编译报错
两个activity中:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@BindView(R.id.tv)
TextView textView;
@BindView(R.id.tv_1)
TextView tv;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
}
public class Main2Activity extends AppCompatActivity {
@BindView(R.id.tv_2)
TextView textView;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2);
}
}
rebuild一下便可以看到在这个目录下有我们生成的文件了。
gradle高版本出现编译后没出现文件的问题,无奈只好降低版本,我使用的版本是gradle 3.1.4 + gralde_wrap gradle-4.4-all.zip
点进入其中一个可以看到是这样的代码:
/**
* Auto Created by apt
*/
package com.example.aptsample;
public class MainActivity_ViewBinding {
public void bindView(com.example.aptsample.MainActivity owner) {
owner.tv = (android.widget.TextView)(((android.app.Activity)owner).findViewById( 2131165360));
owner.textView = (android.widget.TextView)(((android.app.Activity)owner).findViewById( 2131165359));
}
}
所以我们只要调用bindView就能够找到该view了,这也是apt-sdk要做的事情。
4、在apt-sdk中创建类,反射调用生成的类中的方法
public class DataApi {
public static void bindView(Activity activity) {
Class clazz = activity.getClass();
try {
Class<?> bindViewClass = Class.forName(clazz.getName() + "_ViewBinding");
Method method = bindViewClass.getMethod("bindView", activity.getClass());
method.invoke(bindViewClass.newInstance(),activity);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
5、app的gradle中引入apt-sdk,然后代码调用DataApi的方法
implementation project(':apt-annotation')
annotationProcessor project(':apt-processor')
implementation project(':apt-sdk')
app的MainActivity中实现
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@BindView(R.id.tv)
TextView textView;
@BindView(R.id.tv_1)
TextView tv;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
DataApi.bindView(this);
tv.setText("a");
}
}
这样就大功告成了