一些项目整理出的项目中引入缓存的架构设计方案,希望能帮助你更好地管理项目缓存,作者水平有限,如有不足还望指点。
一、基础结构介绍
项目中对外提供方法的是CacheProvider和MQProvider两个类,一切缓存或队列应用都从这里做入口,后期更换缓存或队列只需要更改后面的提供者即可
主要结构设计分为三部分:
1、Key管理(用于管理缓存Key、过期时间、是否启用、调用识别Key等)
Configs -> Cache -> KeyConfigList.xml(配置Key的具体信息)
Cache -> Key -> KeyEntity.cs(XML的序列化对象)
Cache -> Key -> KeyManager.cs(读取XML并监听XML文件的变更,如果变更重新读取)
Cache -> Key -> KeyNames.cs(Key名称的枚举,控制Key从这里集中管理,不会到处都是)
2、内部操作(对接的多个缓存实际提供技术比如Redis、Memcached、LocalCache等)
Cache -> Redis -> RedisManager.cs(Redis的连接对象及基本配置)
3、对外提供(对项目中应用缓存提供支持函数,如更改缓存提供技术只需从这里调整代码,不影响项目主体代码)
Cache -> CacheProvider.cs(项目中的缓存操作提供函数类)
MQ -> MQProvider.cs(项目中的队列操作提供函数类)
二、代码详细介绍
1、KeyConfigList.xml
用于存储缓存中数据的Key、有效时间、是否启用此缓存等配置信息
name:用来寻找此条Key信息的标识
key:缓存中存的Key
validTime:便于计算此缓存的有效时间,比如只缓存5分钟
enabled:是否启用此缓存,不启用则每次都读库
{0}、{1}、{2}:缓存Key的占位符用于区分某个类型的缓存其中的一个,比如商品缓存格式为Goods:{0},可能实际存储Key是Goods:1、Goods:2、Goods:3,这个1、2、3是商品Id来区分具体某个,如果量大禁用时会导致缓存雪崩,可以考虑再根据类型或其他来细分
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <configuration> <!-- name:程序key、key:缓存key(用:冒号来对缓存数据进行分级)、 validTime:有效时间(单位:分)、enabled:是否有效、{0}:占位符替换相关id等标识 --> <list> <!-- 一个占位符key --> <item name="Admin_User_Session" key="Admin:User:Session:{0}" validTime="60" enabled="true"></item> <!-- 无占位符key --> <item name="Admin_User_List" key="Admin:User:List" validTime="30" enabled="true"></item> <!-- 多个占位符key --> <item name="Admin_User_Search" key="Admin:User:Search:{0}:{1}:{2}" validTime="5" enabled="true"></item> </list> </configuration>
2、KeyEntity.cs
这个比较简单,就是把xml的内容读取出来序列化为对象,只是为了便于检索,name和key都小写化了
/// <summary> /// Key配置对象(公开) /// Author:taiyonghai /// CreateTime:2017-08-28 /// </summary> public sealed class KeyEntity { private string name; /// <summary> /// Cache Name(Use for search cache key) /// </summary> public string Name { get { return name; } set { name = value.Trim().ToLower(); } } private string key; /// <summary> /// Cache Key /// </summary> public string Key { get { return key; } set { key = value.Trim().ToLower(); } } /// <summary> /// Valid Time (Unit:minute) /// </summary> public int ValidTime { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Enaled /// </summary> public bool Enabled { get; set; } }
3、 KeyManager.cs
负责访问Key配置的XML文件,并将其缓存到静态Hashtable中,使用时直接从中检索到要用的信息,设置监听程序FileSystemWatcher如果文件发生变动则重置Hashtable使其重新读取,配置文件及名称可以自行变更或配置
还要提供根据KeyName获取Key配置对象的方法,这样就可以使用Key存到实际的缓存中,如果Key需要进行构造还可以传送Key的标识数组,从此方法中自动整合返回
/// <summary> /// 缓存Key管理 /// Author:taiyonghai /// CreateTime:2017-08-28 /// </summary> public static class KeyManager { //KeyName集合 private static Hashtable keyNameList; //锁对象 private static object objLock = new object(); //监控文件对象 private static FileSystemWatcher watcher; //缓存Key配置文件路径 private static readonly string configFilePath = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ApplicationBase + "Configs\\Cache\\"; //缓存Key配置文件名 private static readonly string configFileName = "KeyConfigList.xml"; /// <summary> /// 静态构造只执行一次 /// </summary> static KeyManager() { //创建对配置文件夹的监听,如果遇到文件更改则清空KeyNameList,重新读取 watcher = new FileSystemWatcher(); watcher.Path = configFilePath;//监听路径 watcher.Filter = configFileName;//监听文件名 watcher.NotifyFilter = NotifyFilters.CreationTime | NotifyFilters.LastWrite | NotifyFilters.Size;//仅监听文件创建时间、文件变更时间、文件大小 watcher.Changed += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged); watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;//最后开启监听 } /// <summary> /// 读取KeyName文件 /// </summary> private static void ReaderKeyFile() { if (keyNameList == null || keyNameList.Count == 0) { //锁定读取xml操作 lock (objLock) { //获取配置文件 string configFile = String.Concat(configFilePath, configFileName); //检查文件 if (!File.Exists(configFile)) { throw new FileNotFoundException(String.Concat("file not exists:", configFile)); } //读取xml文件 XmlReaderSettings xmlSetting = new XmlReaderSettings(); xmlSetting.IgnoreComments = true;//忽略注释 XmlReader xmlReader = XmlReader.Create(configFile, xmlSetting); //一次读完整个文档 XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument(); xmlDoc.Load(xmlReader); xmlReader.Close();//关闭读取对象 //获取指定节点下的所有子节点 XmlNodeList nodeList = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("//configuration//list").ChildNodes; //获得一个线程安全的Hashtable对象 keyNameList = Hashtable.Synchronized(new Hashtable()); //将xml中的属性赋值给Hashtable foreach (XmlNode node in nodeList) { XmlElement element = (XmlElement)node;//转为元素获取属性 KeyEntity entity = new KeyEntity(); entity.Name = element.GetAttribute("name"); entity.Key = element.GetAttribute("key"); entity.ValidTime = Convert.ToInt32(element.GetAttribute("validTime")); entity.Enabled = Convert.ToBoolean(element.GetAttribute("enabled")); keyNameList.Add(entity.Name, entity); } } } } /// <summary> /// 变更事件会触发两次是正常情况,是系统保存文件机制导致 /// </summary> /// <param name="source"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private static void OnChanged(object source, FileSystemEventArgs e) { if (e.ChangeType == WatcherChangeTypes.Changed) { if (e.Name.ToLower() == configFileName.ToLower()) { keyNameList = null; //因为此事件会被调用两次,所以里面的代码要有幕等性,如果无法实现幕等性, //则应该在Init()中绑定事件 //watcher.Changed += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged); //在OnChanged()事件中解绑事件 //watcher.Changed -= new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged); } } } /// <summary> /// 根据KeyName获取Key配置对象 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <returns></returns> public static KeyEntity Get(KeyNames name) { return Get(name, null); } /// <summary> /// 根据KeyName获取Key配置对象 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <param name="identities">Key标识(用于替换Key中的{0}占位符)</param> /// <returns></returns> public static KeyEntity Get(KeyNames name, params string[] identities) { //检查Hash中是否有值 if (keyNameList == null || keyNameList.Count == 0) KeyManager.ReaderKeyFile(); //检查Hash中是否有此Key string tmpName = name.ToString().ToLower(); if (!keyNameList.ContainsKey(tmpName)) throw new ArgumentException("keyNameList中不存在此KeyName", "name"); var entity = keyNameList[tmpName] as KeyEntity; //检查Key是否需要含有占位符 if (entity.Key.IndexOf('{') > 0) { //检查参数数组是否有值 if (identities != null && identities.Length > 0) entity.Key = String.Format(entity.Key, identities); else throw new ArgumentException("需要此参数identities标识字段,但并未传递", "identities"); } return entity; } }
4、KeyNames.cs
用枚举类型是为了控制传递的KeyName能够被限制,不会随便传个string过来导致出错,实际还是使用了KeyNames.Admin_User_Session.ToString()来识别的,此处是根据枚举名查找KeyConfigList.xml中的name属性
/// <summary> /// KeyName枚举(公开) /// Author:taiyonghai /// CreateTime:2017-08-28 /// </summary> public enum KeyNames { /// <summary> /// 后台用户会话key /// </summary> Admin_User_Session, Admin_User_List, Admin_User_Search }
5、RedisManager.cs
这里可以是Redis也可以是Memcached主要就是提供缓存技术的管理,热门的dll有ServiceStack.Redis和StackExchange.Redis,可前者已经收费(免费使用有使用限额),无限额免费只能用4.0之前的版本,所以采用了后者
IConnectionMultiplexer是核心对象,此处使用单例模式创建连接对象,因为创建连接的资源消耗较高,后面有测试结果可以证明
在静态构造中绑定了几个异常事件,如果发生了错误可以写日志便于我们调试使用,GetDatabase()方法很轻量可以放心直接调用,配置文件可以采用其他方式
/// <summary> /// Redis缓存管理类 /// Author:taiyonghai /// CreateTime:2017-08-28 /// </summary> public static class RedisManager { //Redis连接对象 private static IConnectionMultiplexer redisMultiplexer; //程序锁 private static object objLock = new object(); //Redis连接串(多个服务器用逗号隔开)"10.11.12.237:6379, password='',keepalive=300,connecttimeout=5000,synctimeout=1000" private static readonly string connectStr = "10.11.12.237:6379"; /// <summary> /// 静态构造用于注册监听事件 /// </summary> static RedisManager() { //注册事件 GetMultiplexer().ConnectionFailed += ConnectionFailed; GetMultiplexer().InternalError += InternalError; GetMultiplexer().ErrorMessage += ErrorMessage; } /// <summary> /// 连接失败 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private static void ConnectionFailed(object sender, ConnectionFailedEventArgs e) { //e.Exception } /// <summary> /// 内部错误 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private static void InternalError(object sender, InternalErrorEventArgs e) { //e.Exception } /// <summary> /// 发生错误 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private static void ErrorMessage(object sender, RedisErrorEventArgs e) { //e.Message } /// <summary> /// 获得连接对象 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> private static IConnectionMultiplexer GetMultiplexer() { if (redisMultiplexer == null || !redisMultiplexer.IsConnected) { lock (objLock) { //创建Redis连接对象 redisMultiplexer = ConnectionMultiplexer.Connect(connectStr); } } return redisMultiplexer; } /// <summary> /// 获得客户端对象 /// </summary> /// <param name="db">选填指明使用那个数据库0-16</param> /// <returns></returns> public static IDatabase GetClient(int db = -1) { return GetMultiplexer().GetDatabase(db); } }
如果每次都ConnectionMultiplexer.Connect()一个连接对象的测试结果如下:
采用单例模式处理连接对象的测试结果如下:
6、CacheProvider.cs
对项目中提供的缓存操作类,提供多个方法,我只提供了String类型和Hash类型,Set集合类型我用不到就没有提供,需要的朋友可以自己添加
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
/// <summary> /// 缓存提供类 /// Author:taiyonghai /// CreateTime:2017-08-28 /// </summary> public class CacheProvider { #region Cache 删除 /// <summary> /// 删除缓存 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <returns>True成功,Flase失败</returns> public bool DelKey(KeyNames name) { return DelKey(name, null); } /// <summary> /// 删除缓存[核心] /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <param name="identities">Key标识(用于替换Key中的{0}占位符)</param> /// <returns>True成功,Flase失败</returns> public bool DelKey(KeyNames name, params string[] identities) { var entity = KeyManager.Get(name, identities); return RedisManager.GetClient().KeyDelete(entity.Key); } #endregion #region Cache String 存取 #region 添加缓存 /// <summary> /// 添加缓存,有过期时间(如Key存在则更新值) /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <param name="value">不可为NULL,应对缓存穿透请用空</param> /// <returns>True成功,Flase失败</returns> public bool SetString<T>(KeyNames name, T value) where T : class, new() { return SetString<T>(name, value, null); } /// <summary> /// 添加缓存,有过期时间(如Key存在则更新值) /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <param name="value">不可为NULL,应对缓存穿透请用空</param> /// <param name="identities">Key标识(用于替换Key中的{0}占位符)</param> /// <returns>True成功,Flase失败</returns> public bool SetString<T>(KeyNames name, T value, params string[] identities) where T : class, new() { //如果value为null直接缓存无需序列化 string tmpStr = null == value ? null : JsonSerializer.SerializeToString<T>(value); return SetString(name, tmpStr, identities); } /// <summary> /// 添加缓存,有过期时间(如Key存在则更新值) /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <param name="value">不可为NULL,应对缓存穿透请用空</param> /// <returns>True成功,Flase失败</returns> public bool SetString(KeyNames name, string value) { return SetString(name, value, null); } /// <summary> /// 添加缓存,有过期时间[核心](如Key存在则更新值) /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <param name="value">不可为NULL,应对缓存穿透请用空</param> /// <param name="identities">Key标识(用于替换Key中的{0}占位符)</param> /// <returns>True成功,Flase失败</returns> public bool SetString(KeyNames name, string value, params string[] identities) { //不可传值为NULL,应对缓存穿透请用空,NULL用来判断是否缓存有值 if (null == value) return false; var entity = KeyManager.Get(name, identities); //有效时间的TimeSpan=(最小时间+有效时间)-最小时间 TimeSpan timeSpan = DateTime.MinValue.AddMinutes(entity.ValidTime) - DateTime.MinValue; return RedisManager.GetClient().StringSet(entity.Key, value, timeSpan); } #endregion #region 获取缓存 /// <summary> /// 获取缓存 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <returns>无缓存或禁用缓存均返回NULL</returns> public T GetString<T>(KeyNames name) where T : class, new() { return GetString<T>(name, null); } /// <summary> /// 获取缓存 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <param name="identities">Key标识(用于替换Key中的{0}占位符)</param> /// <returns>无缓存或禁用缓存均返回NULL</returns> public T GetString<T>(KeyNames name, params string[] identities) where T : class, new() { string tmpStr = GetString(name, identities); //如果tmpStr为null直接返回无需反序列化 return null == tmpStr ? default(T) : JsonSerializer.DeserializeFromString<T>(tmpStr); } /// <summary> /// 获取缓存 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <returns>无缓存或禁用缓存均返回NULL</returns> public string GetString(KeyNames name) { return GetString(name, null); } /// <summary> /// 获取缓存[核心] /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <param name="identities">Key标识(用于替换Key中的{0}占位符)</param> /// <returns>无缓存或禁用缓存均返回NULL</returns> public string GetString(KeyNames name, params string[] identities) { var entity = KeyManager.Get(name, identities); //检查缓存是否启用,否则返回NULL if (entity.Enabled) { return RedisManager.GetClient().StringGet(entity.Key); } else { return null; } } #endregion #endregion #region Cache Hash 存取 #region 添加缓存 /// <summary> /// 添加缓存,无过期时间(如Key存在则更新值) /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <param name="dict">不可为NULL,应对缓存穿透请用空对象</param> public bool SetHash<T>(KeyNames name, Dictionary<string, T> dict) where T : class, new() { return SetHash<T>(name, dict, null); } /// <summary> /// 添加缓存,无过期时间(如Key存在则更新值) /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <param name="dict">不可为NULL,应对缓存穿透请用空对象</param> /// <param name="identities">Key标识(用于替换Key中的{0}占位符)</param> public bool SetHash<T>(KeyNames name, Dictionary<string, T> dict, params string[] identities) where T : class, new() { var tmpDict = new Dictionary<string, string>(); foreach (var item in dict) tmpDict.Add(item.Key, null == item.Value ? null : JsonSerializer.SerializeToString<T>(item.Value)); return SetHash(name, tmpDict, identities); } /// <summary> /// 添加缓存,无过期时间(如Key存在则更新值) /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <param name="dict">不可为NULL,应对缓存穿透请用空对象</param> public bool SetHash(KeyNames name, Dictionary<string, string> dict) { return SetHash(name, dict, null); } /// <summary> /// 添加缓存,无过期时间[核心](如Key存在则更新值) /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <param name="dict">不可为NULL,应对缓存穿透请用空对象</param> /// <param name="identities">Key标识(用于替换Key中的{0}占位符)</param> public bool SetHash(KeyNames name, Dictionary<string, string> dict, params string[] identities) { //不可传值为NULL,应对缓存穿透请用空对象,NULL用来判断是否缓存有值 if (null == dict) return false; var entity = KeyManager.Get(name, identities); var hashEntryList = new List<HashEntry>(); foreach (var item in dict) hashEntryList.Add(new HashEntry(item.Key, item.Value)); RedisManager.GetClient().HashSet(entity.Key, hashEntryList.ToArray()); return true; } #endregion #region 获取缓存 /// <summary> /// 获取缓存 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <returns>无缓存或禁用缓存均返回NULL</returns> public Dictionary<string, T> GetHash<T>(KeyNames name) where T : class, new() { return GetHash<T>(name, null); } /// <summary> /// 获取缓存 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <param name="identities">Key标识(用于替换Key中的{0}占位符)</param> /// <returns>无缓存或禁用缓存均返回NULL</returns> public Dictionary<string, T> GetHash<T>(KeyNames name, params string[] identities) where T : class, new() { var dict = GetHash(name, identities); var tmpDict = new Dictionary<string, T>(); foreach (var item in dict) tmpDict.Add(item.Key, null == item.Value ? default(T) : JsonSerializer.DeserializeFromString<T>(item.Value)); return tmpDict; } /// <summary> /// 获取缓存 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <returns>无缓存或禁用缓存均返回NULL</returns> public Dictionary<string, string> GetHash(KeyNames name) { return GetHash(name, null); } /// <summary> /// 获取缓存[核心] /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <param name="identities">Key标识(用于替换Key中的{0}占位符)</param> /// <returns>无缓存或禁用缓存均返回NULL</returns> public Dictionary<string, string> GetHash(KeyNames name, params string[] identities) { var entity = KeyManager.Get(name, identities); //检查缓存是否启用,否则返回NULL if (entity.Enabled) { var hashEntry = RedisManager.GetClient().HashGetAll(entity.Key); var dict = new Dictionary<string, string>(); foreach (var item in hashEntry) dict.Add(item.Name, item.Value); return dict; } else { return null; } } #endregion #endregion }
7、MQProvider.cs
对项目中提供的消息队列操作类,我偷懒应用了Redis的List类型来提供消息队列的操作,少数据量的情况下比如msg在10k以下性能很好,大数据量时性能下降严重,有兴趣可以百度一下看看测试,但他没有事务级的能力所以小规模使用可以,需求高还是需要更专业的队列比如RabbitMQ等
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
/// <summary> /// 队列提供类 /// Author:taiyonghai /// CreateTime:2017-08-31 /// </summary> public class MQProvider { #region MQ 添加 /// <summary> /// 添加一条消息到队列 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <param name="msg">内容</param> /// <returns></returns> public long SetMsg<T>(KeyNames name, T msg) where T : class, new() { return SetMsg<T>(name, msg, null); } /// <summary> /// 添加一条消息到队列 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <param name="msg">内容</param> /// <param name="identities">Key标识(用于替换Key中的{0}占位符)</param> /// <returns></returns> public long SetMsg<T>(KeyNames name, T msg, params string[] identities) where T : class, new() { //如果value为null直接缓存无需序列化 string tmpMsg = null == msg ? null : JsonSerializer.SerializeToString<T>(msg); return SetMsg(name, tmpMsg, identities); } /// <summary> /// 添加一条消息到队列 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <param name="msg">内容</param> /// <returns></returns> public long SetMsg(KeyNames name, string msg) { return SetMsg(name, msg, null); } /// <summary> /// 添加一条消息到队列[核心] /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <param name="msg">内容</param> /// <param name="identities">Key标识(用于替换Key中的{0}占位符)</param> /// <returns>添加消息后的队列长度</returns> public long SetMsg(KeyNames name, string msg, params string[] identities) { var entity = KeyManager.Get(name, identities); //向队列右侧插入新的消息 return RedisManager.GetClient().ListRightPush(entity.Key, msg); } #endregion #region MQ 获取 /// <summary> /// 从队列中获取一条消息,并将其在队列中移除 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <returns>没有消息返回NULL</returns> public T GetMsg<T>(KeyNames name) where T : class, new() { return GetMsg<T>(name, null); } /// <summary> /// 从队列中获取一条消息,并将其在队列中移除 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <param name="identities">Key标识(用于替换Key中的{0}占位符)</param> /// <returns>没有消息返回NULL</returns> public T GetMsg<T>(KeyNames name, params string[] identities) where T : class, new() { string tmpStr = GetMsg(name, identities); return null == tmpStr ? default(T) : JsonSerializer.DeserializeFromString<T>(tmpStr); } /// <summary> /// 从队列中获取一条消息,并将其在队列中移除 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <returns>没有消息返回NULL</returns> public string GetMsg(KeyNames name) { return GetMsg(name, null); } /// <summary> /// 从队列中获取一条消息,并将其在队列中移除[核心] /// </summary> /// <param name="name">Key名称</param> /// <param name="identities">Key标识(用于替换Key中的{0}占位符)</param> /// <returns>没有消息返回NULL</returns> public string GetMsg(KeyNames name, params string[] identities) { var entity = KeyManager.Get(name, identities); //从队列左侧队列头部取出消息 return RedisManager.GetClient().ListLeftPop(entity.Key); } #endregion }
三、项目调用代码
Redis如果遇到同样Key且同类型(String、Hash、List)时是直接覆盖值,如果不同类型的话就会报错了,我偷懒使用了同一个KeyNames就使用加前缀的方式来区分同类型不重复
CacheProvider cache = new CacheProvider(); MQProvider mq = new MQProvider(); //基础类型 cache.SetString(KeyNames.Cache_Admin_User_Session, "taiyonghai", "100"); var str = cache.GetString(KeyNames.Cache_Admin_User_Session); //Hash类型 var dict = new Dictionary<string, string>(); dict.Add("1", "待处理"); dict.Add("2", "处理中"); dict.Add("3", "处理完成"); cache.SetHash(KeyNames.Cache_Hash_Admin_User_List, dict); var tmpDict = cache.GetHash(KeyNames.Cache_Hash_Admin_User_List); //List队列 mq.SetMsg(KeyNames.Msg_Admin_User_Search, "Hello"); mq.GetMsg(KeyNames.Msg_Admin_User_Search);
附录:配置参数解析