1. Install essential packages 安装基本软件包
2. 基础包 base Dependencies (27); 开发基础包 groups:base-devel (24)
3. 其他软件包 packages.x86_64 (90)
4. 更多软件包

1. Install essential packages 安装基本软件包

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide#Install_essential_packages
使用pacstrap（8）脚本安装通用硬件的base软件包，Linux内核和固件：
# pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware
base软件包不包括实时安装中的所有工具，因此对于功能完整的基本系统，可能需要安装其他软件包。特别要考虑安装：

  •  用户空间实用程序，用于管理将在系统上使用的文件系统，
  •  用于访问RAID或LVM分区的实用程序，
  •  linux固件中未包含的其他设备的特定固件，
  •  联网所需的软件，
  •  文字编辑器
  •  用于访问手册页和信息页中的文档的软件包：man-db，man-pages和texinfo。

要安装其他软件包或软件包组，请将名称附加到上面的pacstrap命令（以空格分隔）或在chroot到新系统中时使用pacman。为了进行比较，可以在packages.x86_64中找到实时系统中可用的软件包。https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/archiso/-/blob/master/configs/releng/packages.x86_64

2. 基础包 base Dependencies (27); 开发基础包 groups:base-devel (24)

https://www.archlinux.org/packages/core/any/base/
https://www.archlinux.org/groups/x86_64/base-devel/

name https://www.archlinux.org/packages/core/any/base/ https://www.archlinux.org/groups/x86_64/base-devel in group
bash The GNU Bourne Again shell GNU Bourne Again外壳 Qe base
bzip2 A high-quality data compression program 高质量的数据压缩程序 Qe base
coreutils The basic file, shell and text manipulation utilities of the GNU operating system GNU操作系统的基本文件，shell和文本操作实用程序 Qe base
filesystem Base Arch Linux files 基本Arch Linux文件 Qe base
gcc-libs Runtime libraries shipped by GCC GCC随附的运行时库 Qe base
glibc GNU C Library GNU C库 Qe base
iproute2 IP Routing Utilities IP路由实用程序 Qe base
iputils Network monitoring tools, including ping 网络监控工具，包括ping Qe base
licenses Standard licenses distribution package 标准许可证分发包 Qe base
linux The Linux kernel and modules Linux内核和模块 Qe base
pciutils PCI bus configuration space access library and tools PCI总线配置空间访问库和工具 Qe base
procps-ng Utilities for monitoring your system and its processes 监视系统及其过程的实用程序 Qe base
psmisc Miscellaneous procfs tools 杂项生产工具 Qe base
shadow Password and account management tool suite with support for shadow files and PAM 密码和帐户管理工具套件，支持影子文件和PAM Qe base
systemd system and service manager 系统和服务经理 d base
systemd-sysvcompat sysvinit compat for systemd sysvinit compat for systemd Qe base
tar Utility used to store, backup, and transport files 用于存储，备份和传输文件的实用程序 Qe base
util-linux Miscellaneous system utilities for Linux 适用于Linux的其他系统实用程序 Qe base
xz Library and command line tools for XZ and LZMA compressed files 用于XZ和LZMA压缩文件的库和命令行工具 d base
file File type identification utility 文件类型识别实用程序 Qe base,(base-devel)
findutils GNU utilities to locate files GNU实用程序来查找文件 Qe base,(base-devel)
gawk GNU version of awk GNU版本的AWK Qe base,(base-devel)
gettext GNU internationalization library GNU国际化库 Qe base,(base-devel)
grep A string search utility 字符串搜索实用程序 Qe base,(base-devel)
gzip GNU compression utility GNU压缩实用程序 Qe base,(base-devel)
pacman A library-based package manager with dependency support 基于库的程序包管理器，具有依赖性支持 Qe base,(base-devel)
sed GNU stream editor GNU流编辑器 Qe base,(base-devel)
autoconf A GNU tool for automatically configuring source code 一个用于自动配置源代码的GNU工具 Qe (base-devel)
automake A GNU tool for automatically creating Makefiles 自动创建Makefile的GNU工具 Qe (base-devel)
binutils A set of programs to assemble and manipulate binary and object files 一组程序，用于汇编和处理二进制文件和目标文件 Qe (base-devel)
bison The GNU general-purpose parser generator GNU通用解析器生成器 Qe (base-devel)
fakeroot Tool for simulating superuser privileges 模拟超级用户权限的工具 Qe (base-devel)
flex A tool for generating text-scanning programs 生成文本扫描程序的工具 Qe (base-devel)
gcc The GNU Compiler Collection - C and C++ frontends GNU编译器集合-C和C ++前端 Qe (base-devel)
groff GNU troff text-formatting system GNU troff文本格式系统 d (base-devel)
libtool A generic library support script 通用库支持脚本 d (base-devel)
m4 The GNU macro processor GNU宏处理器 Qe (base-devel)
make GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs GNU使实用程序维护程序组 Qe (base-devel)
patch A utility to apply patch files to original sources 将补丁文件应用于原始来源的实用程序 Qe (base-devel)
pkgconf Package compiler and linker metadata toolkit 包编译器和链接器元数据工具包 Qe (base-devel)
sudo Give certain users the ability to run some commands as root 使某些用户能够以root用户身份运行某些命令 Qe (base-devel)
texinfo GNU documentation system for on-line information and printed output GNU文档系统，用于在线信息和打印输出 Qe (base-devel)
which A utility to show the full path of commands 显示命令完整路径的实用程序 Qe (base-devel)

3. 其他软件包 packages.x86_64 (90)

https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/archiso/-/blob/master/configs/releng/packages.x86_64

name https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/archiso/-/blob/master/configs/releng/packages.x86_64 ins repo
sudo Give certain users the ability to run some commands as root 使某些用户能够以root用户身份运行某些命令(base-devel) Qe core
linux The Linux kernel and modules Linux内核和模块 Qe core
linux-firmware Firmware files for Linux Linux的固件文件 Qe core
mkinitcpio Modular initramfs image creation utility 模块化initramfs映像创建实用程序 d core
intel-ucode Microcode update files for Intel CPUs 英特尔CPU的微码更新文件 Qe extra
diffutils Utility programs used for creating patch files 用于创建补丁文件的实用程序 Qe core
dosfstools DOS filesystem utilities DOS文件系统实用程序 d core
ntfs-3g NTFS filesystem driver and utilities NTFS文件系统驱动程序和实用程序 Qe extra
exfat-utils Utilities for exFAT file system exFAT文件系统实用程序 Qe community
parted A program for creating, destroying, resizing, checking and copying partitions 用于创建,销毁,调整大小,检查和复制分区的程序 d extra
smartmontools Control and monitor S.M.A.R.T. enabled ATA and SCSI Hard Drives 控制和监视S.M.A.R.T.启用的ATA和SCSI硬盘驱动器 Qe extra
man-db A utility for reading man pages 用于阅读手册页的实用程序 Qe core
man-pages Linux man pages Linux手册页 Qe core
nano Pico editor clone with enhancements 具有增强功能的Pico编辑器克隆 Qe core
usbutils USB Device Utilities USB设备实用程序 Qe core
dhcpcd RFC2131 compliant DHCP client daemon 符合RFC2131的DHCP客户端守护程序 Qe core
wpa_supplicant A utility providing key negotiation for WPA wireless networks 一种为WPA无线网络提供密钥协商的实用程序 Qe core
ethtool Utility for controlling network drivers and hardware 用于控制网络驱动程序和硬件的实用程序 Qe extra
gpm A mouse server for the console and xterm 控制台和xterm的鼠标服务器 d core
btrfs-progs Btrfs filesystem utilities Btrfs文件系统实用程序 d core
xfsprogs XFS filesystem utilities XFS文件系统实用程序 Qe core
dmraid Device mapper RAID interface 设备映射器RAID接口 d core
lvm2 Logical Volume Manager 2 utilities 逻辑卷管理器2实用程序 Qe core
mdadm A tool for managing/monitoring Linux md device arrays, also known as Software RAID 用于管理/监视Linux md设备阵列的工具, 也称为软件RAID Qe core
gptfdisk A text-mode partitioning tool that works on GUID Partition Table (GPT) disks 在GUID分区表(GPT)磁盘上工作的文本模式分区工具 d extra
nmap Utility for network discovery and security auditing 网络发现和安全审核的实用程序 r extra
tcpdump Powerful command-line packet analyzer 强大的命令行数据包分析器 r extra
gnu-netcat GNU rewrite of netcat, the network piping application 网络管道应用程序netcat的GNU重写 r extra
reiserfsprogs Reiserfs utilities Reiserfs实用程序 r core
amd-ucode Microcode update files for AMD CPUs AMD CPU的微码更新文件   core
b43-fwcutter firmware extractor for the b43 kernel module b43内核模块的固件提取器   core
crda Central Regulatory Domain Agent for wireless networks 无线网络的中央监管域代理   core
efibootmgr Linux user-space application to modify the EFI Boot Manager Linux用户空间应用程序以修改EFI Boot Manager   core
hdparm A shell utility for manipulating Linux IDE drive/driver parameters 一个shell实用程序, 用于操纵Linux IDE驱动器/驱动程序参数   core
ipw2100-fw Intel Centrino Drivers firmware for IPW2100 IPW2100的Intel Centrino驱动程序固件   core
ipw2200-fw Firmware for the Intel PRO/Wireless 2200BG 英特尔PRO /无线2200BG的固件   core
jfsutils JFS filesystem utilities JFS文件系统实用程序   core
mkinitcpio-nfs-utils ipconfig and nfsmount tools for NFS root support in mkinitcpio ipconfig和nfsmount工具用于mkinitcpio中的NFS根支持   core
nfs-utils Support programs for Network File Systems 网络文件系统的支持程序   core
nilfs-utils A log-structured file system supporting continuous snapshotting (userspace utils) 支持连续快照的日志结构文件系统(用户空间工具)   core
openssh Premier connectivity tool for remote login with the SSH protocol 使用SSH协议进行远程登录的高级连接工具   core
ppp A daemon which implements the Point-to-Point Protocol for dial-up networking 一个实现用于拨号网络的点对点协议的守护程序   core
pptpclient Client for the proprietary Microsoft Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol, PPTP. 专有Microsoft点对点隧道协议PPTP的客户端.   core
sdparm An utility similar to hdparm but for SCSI devices 该实用程序类似于hdparm, 但用于SCSI设备   core
systemd-resolvconf systemd resolvconf replacement (for use with systemd-resolved) systemd resolvconf替换(与systemd-resolved一起使用)   core
wireless_tools Tools allowing to manipulate the Wireless Extensions 允许操作无线扩展的工具   core
wireless-regdb Central Regulatory Domain Database 中央监管域数据库   core
arch-install-scripts Scripts to aid in installing Arch Linux 有助于安装Arch Linux的脚本   extra
ddrescue GNU data recovery tool GNU数据恢复工具   extra
dhclient A standalone DHCP client from the dhcp package dhcp软件包中的独立DHCP客户端   extra
dnsmasq Lightweight, easy to configure DNS forwarder and DHCP server 轻巧, 易于配置的DNS转发器和DHCP服务器   extra
f2fs-tools Tools for Flash-Friendly File System (F2FS) 闪存文件系统(F2FS)的工具   extra
fsarchiver Safe and flexible file-system backup and deployment tool 安全灵活的文件系统备份和部署工具   extra
grml-zsh-config grml's zsh setup grml的zsh设置   extra
haveged Entropy harvesting daemon using CPU timings 使用CPU时序的熵收集守护程序   extra
irssi Modular text mode IRC client with Perl scripting 具有Perl脚本的模块化文本模式IRC客户端   extra
lftp Sophisticated command line based FTP client 基于复杂命令行的FTP客户端   extra
linux-atm Drivers and tools to support ATM networking under Linux. 在Linux下支持ATM网络的驱动程序和工具.   extra
lynx A text browser for the World Wide Web 万维网的文本浏览器   extra
memtest86+ An advanced memory diagnostic tool 先进的内存诊断工具   extra
mtools A collection of utilities to access MS-DOS disks 用来访问MS-DOS磁盘的实用程序的集合   extra
openconnect Open client for Cisco AnyConnect VPN 思科AnyConnect VPN的开放客户端   extra
openvpn An easy-to-use, robust and highly configurable VPN (Virtual Private Network) 简单易用, 功能强大且可高度配置的VPN(虚拟专用网)   extra
rp-pppoe Roaring Penguin's Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet client 通过以太网客户端咆哮企鹅的点对点协议   extra
rsync A fast and versatile file copying tool for remote and local files 快速和通用的文件复制工具, 用于远程和本地文件   extra
sg3_utils Generic SCSI utilities 通用SCSI实用程序   extra
testdisk Checks and undeletes partitions + PhotoRec, signature based recovery tool 检查并取消删除分区+ PhotoRec, 基于签名的恢复工具   extra
vim Vi Improved, a highly configurable, improved version of the vi text editor Vi改进版, vi文本编辑器的高度可配置的改进版本   extra
vpnc VPN client for cisco3000 VPN Concentrators 用于cisco3000 VPN集中器的VPN客户端   extra
zsh A very advanced and programmable command interpreter (shell) for UNIX UNIX的非常高级的可编程命令解释器(shell)   extra
bind-tools        
broadcom-wl Broadcom 802.11 Linux STA wireless driver Broadcom 802.11 Linux STA无线驱动程序   community
clonezilla ncurses partition and disk imaging/cloning program ncurses分区和磁盘映像/克隆程序   community
darkhttpd A small and secure static webserver 小型安全的静态Web服务器   community
iwd Internet Wireless Daemon 互联网无线守护进程   community
kitty-terminfo Terminfo for kitty, an OpenGL-based terminal emulator Kitty的Terminfo, 这是一个基于OpenGL的终端模拟器   community
lsscsi A tool that lists devices connected via SCSI and its transports 列出通过SCSI及其传输连接的设备的工具   community
mc A file manager that emulates Norton Commander 模拟Norton Commander的文件管理器   community
nbd tools for network block devices, allowing you to use remote block devices over TCP/IP 网络块设备的工具, 允许您通过TCP / IP使用远程块设备   community
ndisc6 Collection of IPv6 networking utilities IPv6网络实用程序的集合   community
nvme-cli NVM-Express user space tooling for Linux 适用于Linux的NVM-Express用户空间工具   community
partclone Utilities to save and restore used blocks on a partition 在分区上保存和还原已用块的实用程序   community
partimage Partition Image saves partitions in many formats to an image file. 分区映像将多种格式的分区保存到映像文件中.   community
reflector A Python 3 module and script to retrieve and filter the latest Pacman mirror list. 一个Python 3模块和脚本, 用于检索和过滤最新的Pacman镜像列表.   community
rxvt-unicode-terminfo Terminfo files for urxvt urxvt的Terminfo文件   community
terminus-font Monospace bitmap font (for X11 and console) 等宽字体位图字体(用于X11和控制台)   community
termite-terminfo Terminfo for Termite, a simple VTE-based terminal Termite的Terminfo, 这是一个简单的基于VTE的终端   community
usb_modeswitch Activating switchable USB devices on Linux. 在Linux上激活可切换USB设备.   community
wvdial A dialer program to connect to the Internet 拨号程序以连接到Internet   community
xl2tpd an open source implementation of the L2TP maintained by Xelerance Corporation Xelerance Corporation维护的L2TP的开源实现   community

4. 更多软件包

https://www.archlinux.org/groups/
https://www.archlinux.org/packages/
https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/