地形新框架中使用
TerrainClass.h
//============================================================================= // Name: TerrainClass.h // Des: 一个封装了三维地形系统的类的头文件 //============================================================================= #pragma once #include <d3d9.h> #include <d3dx9.h> #include <vector> #include <fstream> #include "D3DUtil.h" class TerrainClass { private: LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 m_pd3dDevice; //D3D设备 LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 m_pTexture; //纹理 LPDIRECT3DINDEXBUFFER9 m_pIndexBuffer; //顶点缓存 LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 m_pVertexBuffer; //索引缓存 int m_nCellsPerRow; // 每行的单元格数 int m_nCellsPerCol; // 每列的单元格数 int m_nVertsPerRow; // 每行的顶点数 int m_nVertsPerCol; // 每列的顶点数 int m_nNumVertices; // 顶点总数 FLOAT m_fTerrainWidth; // 地形的宽度 FLOAT m_fTerrainDepth; // 地形的深度 FLOAT m_fCellSpacing; // 单元格的间距 FLOAT m_fHeightScale; // 高度缩放系数 std::vector<FLOAT> m_vHeightInfo; // 用于存放高度信息 //定义一个地形的FVF顶点格式 struct TERRAINVERTEX { FLOAT _x, _y, _z; FLOAT _u, _v; TERRAINVERTEX(FLOAT x, FLOAT y, FLOAT z, FLOAT u, FLOAT v) :_x(x), _y(y), _z(z), _u(u), _v(v) {} static const DWORD FVF = D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_TEX1; }; public: TerrainClass(IDirect3DDevice9 *pd3dDevice); //构造函数 virtual ~TerrainClass(void); //析构函数 public: BOOL LoadTerrainFromFile(wchar_t *pRawFileName, wchar_t *pTextureFile); //从文件加载高度图和纹理的函数 BOOL InitTerrain(INT nRows, INT nCols, FLOAT fSpace, FLOAT fScale); //地形初始化函数 BOOL RenderTerrain(D3DXMATRIX *pMatWorld, BOOL bDrawFrame=FALSE); //地形渲染函数 };
TerrainClass.cpp
//============================================================================= // Name: TerrainClass.cpp // Des: 一个封装了三维地形系统的类的源文件 //============================================================================= #include "TerrainClass.h" //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Desc: 构造函数 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- TerrainClass::TerrainClass(IDirect3DDevice9* pd3dDevice) { //给各个成员变量赋初值 m_pd3dDevice = pd3dDevice; m_pTexture = NULL; m_pIndexBuffer = NULL; m_pVertexBuffer = NULL; m_nCellsPerRow = 0; m_nCellsPerCol = 0; m_nVertsPerRow = 0; m_nVertsPerCol = 0; m_nNumVertices = 0; m_fTerrainWidth = 0.0f; m_fTerrainDepth = 0.0f; m_fCellSpacing = 0.0f; m_fHeightScale = 0.0f; } //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Name: TerrainClass::LoadTerrainFromFile() // Desc: 加载地形高度信息以及纹理 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BOOL TerrainClass::LoadTerrainFromFile(wchar_t *pRawFileName, wchar_t *pTextureFile) { // 从文件中读取高度信息 std::ifstream inFile; inFile.open(pRawFileName, std::ios::binary); //用二进制的方式打开文件 inFile.seekg(0,std::ios::end); //把文件指针移动到文件末尾 std::vector<BYTE> inData(inFile.tellg()); //用模板定义一个vector<BYTE>类型的变量inData并初始化，其值为缓冲区当前位置，即缓冲区大小 inFile.seekg(std::ios::beg); //将文件指针移动到文件的开头，准备读取高度信息 inFile.read((char*)&inData[0], inData.size()); //关键的一步，读取整个高度信息 inFile.close(); //操作结束，可以关闭文件了 m_vHeightInfo.resize(inData.size()); //将m_vHeightInfo尺寸取为缓冲区的尺寸 //遍历整个缓冲区，将inData中的值赋给m_vHeightInfo for (unsigned int i=0; i<inData.size(); i++) m_vHeightInfo[i] = inData[i]; // 加载地形纹理 if (FAILED(D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(m_pd3dDevice, pTextureFile, &m_pTexture))) return FALSE; return TRUE; } //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Name: TerrainClass::InitTerrain() // Desc: 初始化地形的高度, 填充顶点和索引缓存 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BOOL TerrainClass::InitTerrain(INT nRows, INT nCols, FLOAT fSpace, FLOAT fScale) { m_nCellsPerRow = nRows; //每行的单元格数目 m_nCellsPerCol = nCols; //每列的单元格数目 m_fCellSpacing = fSpace; //单元格间的间距 m_fHeightScale = fScale; //高度缩放系数 m_fTerrainWidth = nRows * fSpace; //地形的宽度 m_fTerrainDepth = nCols * fSpace; //地形的深度 m_nVertsPerRow = m_nCellsPerCol + 1; //每行的顶点数 m_nVertsPerCol = m_nCellsPerRow + 1; //每列的顶点数 m_nNumVertices = m_nVertsPerRow * m_nVertsPerCol; //顶点总数 // 通过一个for循环，逐个把地形原始高度乘以缩放系数，得到缩放后的高度 for(unsigned int i=0; i<m_vHeightInfo.size(); i++) m_vHeightInfo[i] *= m_fHeightScale; //--------------------------------------------------------------- // 处理地形的顶点 //--------------------------------------------------------------- //1，创建顶点缓存 if (FAILED(m_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer(m_nNumVertices * sizeof(TERRAINVERTEX), D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY, TERRAINVERTEX::FVF, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, &m_pVertexBuffer, 0))) return FALSE; //2，加锁 TERRAINVERTEX *pVertices = NULL; m_pVertexBuffer->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&pVertices, 0); //3，访问，赋值 FLOAT fStartX = -m_fTerrainWidth / 2.0f, fEndX = m_fTerrainWidth / 2.0f; //指定起始点和结束点的X坐标值 FLOAT fStartZ = m_fTerrainDepth / 2.0f, fEndZ = -m_fTerrainDepth / 2.0f; //指定起始点和结束点的Z坐标值 FLOAT fCoordU = 3.0f / (FLOAT)m_nCellsPerRow; //指定纹理的横坐标值 FLOAT fCoordV = 3.0f / (FLOAT)m_nCellsPerCol; //指定纹理的纵坐标值 int nIndex = 0, i = 0, j = 0; for (float z = fStartZ; z > fEndZ; z -= m_fCellSpacing, i++) //Z坐标方向上起始顶点到结束顶点行间的遍历 { j = 0; for (float x = fStartX; x < fEndX; x += m_fCellSpacing, j++) //X坐标方向上起始顶点到结束顶点行间的遍历 { nIndex = i * m_nCellsPerRow + j; //指定当前顶点在顶点缓存中的位置 pVertices[nIndex] = TERRAINVERTEX(x, m_vHeightInfo[nIndex], z, j*fCoordU, i*fCoordV); //把顶点位置索引在高度图中对应的各个顶点参数以及纹理坐标赋值给赋给当前的顶点 nIndex++; //索引数自加1 } } //4，解锁 m_pVertexBuffer->Unlock(); //--------------------------------------------------------------- // 处理地形的索引 //--------------------------------------------------------------- //1.创建索引缓存 if (FAILED(m_pd3dDevice->CreateIndexBuffer(m_nNumVertices * 6 *sizeof(WORD), D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY, D3DFMT_INDEX16, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, &m_pIndexBuffer, 0))) return FALSE; //2.加锁 WORD* pIndices = NULL; m_pIndexBuffer->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&pIndices, 0); //3.访问，赋值 nIndex = 0; for(int row = 0; row < m_nCellsPerRow-1; row++) //遍历每行 { for(int col = 0; col < m_nCellsPerCol-1; col++) //遍历每列 { //三角形ABC的三个顶点 pIndices[nIndex] = row * m_nCellsPerRow + col; //顶点A pIndices[nIndex+1] = row * m_nCellsPerRow + col + 1; //顶点B pIndices[nIndex+2] = (row+1) * m_nCellsPerRow + col; //顶点C //三角形CBD的三个顶点 pIndices[nIndex+3] = (row+1) * m_nCellsPerRow + col; //顶点C pIndices[nIndex+4] = row * m_nCellsPerRow + col + 1; //顶点B pIndices[nIndex+5] = (row+1) * m_nCellsPerRow + col + 1;//顶点D //处理完一个单元格，索引加上6 nIndex += 6; //索引自加6 } } //4、解锁 m_pIndexBuffer->Unlock(); return TRUE; } //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Name: TerrainClass::RenderTerrain() // Desc: 绘制出地形，可以通过第二个参数选择是否绘制出线框 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BOOL TerrainClass::RenderTerrain(D3DXMATRIX *pMatWorld, BOOL bRenderFrame) { m_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource(0, m_pVertexBuffer, 0, sizeof(TERRAINVERTEX)); ///把包含的几何体信息的顶点缓存和渲染流水线相关联 m_pd3dDevice->SetFVF(TERRAINVERTEX::FVF);//指定我们使用的灵活顶点格式的宏名称 m_pd3dDevice->SetIndices(m_pIndexBuffer);//设置索引缓存 m_pd3dDevice->SetTexture(0, m_pTexture);//设置纹理 m_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING, FALSE); //关闭光照 m_pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, pMatWorld); //设置世界矩阵 m_pd3dDevice->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 0, m_nNumVertices, 0, m_nNumVertices * 2); //绘制顶点 m_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING, TRUE); //打开光照 m_pd3dDevice->SetTexture(0, 0); //纹理置空 if (bRenderFrame) //如果要渲染出线框的话 { m_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_FILLMODE, D3DFILL_WIREFRAME); //把填充模式设为线框填充 m_pd3dDevice->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 0, m_nNumVertices, 0, m_nNumVertices * 2); //绘制顶点 m_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_FILLMODE, D3DFILL_SOLID); //把填充模式调回实体填充 } return TRUE; } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Desc: 析构函数 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- TerrainClass::~TerrainClass(void) { SAFE_RELEASE(m_pTexture); SAFE_RELEASE(m_pIndexBuffer); SAFE_RELEASE(m_pVertexBuffer); }
main.cpp
//-----------------------------------【宏定义部分】-------------------------------------------- // 描述：定义一些辅助宏 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #define WINDOW_WIDTH 850 //为窗口宽度定义的宏，以方便在此处修改窗口宽度 #define WINDOW_HEIGHT 700 //为窗口高度定义的宏，以方便在此处修改窗口高度 #define WINDOW_TITLE L"安康学院数字媒体技术" //为窗口标题定义的宏 //-----------------------------------【头文件包含部分】--------------------------------------- // 描述：包含程序所依赖的头文件 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #include <d3d9.h> #include <d3dx9.h> #include <tchar.h> #include <time.h> #include "DirectInputClass.h" #include "CameraClass.h" #include "TerrainClass.h" //-----------------------------------【库文件包含部分】--------------------------------------- // 描述：包含程序所依赖的库文件 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #pragma comment(lib,"d3d9.lib") #pragma comment(lib,"d3dx9.lib") #pragma comment(lib, "dinput8.lib") // 使用DirectInput必须包含的库文件，注意这里有8 #pragma comment(lib,"dxguid.lib") #pragma comment(lib, "winmm.lib") //-----------------------------------【全局变量声明部分】------------------------------------- // 描述：全局变量的声明 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 g_pd3dDevice = NULL; //Direct3D设备对象 LPD3DXFONT g_pTextFPS =NULL; //字体COM接口 LPD3DXFONT g_pTextAdaperName = NULL; // 显卡信息的2D文本 LPD3DXFONT g_pTextHelper = NULL; // 帮助信息的2D文本 LPD3DXFONT g_pTextInfor= NULL; // 绘制信息的2D文本 float g_FPS= 0.0f; //一个浮点型的变量，代表帧速率 wchar_t g_strFPS[50] ={0}; //包含帧速率的字符数组 wchar_t g_strAdapterName[60] ={0}; //包含显卡名称的字符数组 D3DXMATRIX g_matWorld; //世界矩阵 LPD3DXMESH g_pMesh = NULL; // 网格对象 D3DMATERIAL9* g_pMaterials= NULL; // 网格的材质信息 LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9* g_pTextures = NULL; // 网格的纹理信息 DWORD g_dwNumMtrls = 0; // 材质的数目 LPD3DXMESH g_cylinder = NULL; //柱子网格对象 D3DMATERIAL9 g_MaterialCylinder; //柱子的材质 DInputClass* g_pDInput = NULL; //DInputClass类的指针实例 CameraClass* g_pCamera = NULL; //摄像机类的指针实例 TerrainClass* g_pTerrain = NULL; //地形类的指针实例 //-----------------------------------【全局函数声明部分】------------------------------------- // 描述：全局函数声明，防止“未声明的标识”系列错误 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ); HRESULT Direct3D_Init(HWND hwnd,HINSTANCE hInstance); HRESULT Objects_Init(); void Direct3D_Render( HWND hwnd); void Direct3D_Update( HWND hwnd); void Direct3D_CleanUp( ); float Get_FPS(); void HelpText_Render(HWND hwnd); //-----------------------------------【WinMain( )函数】-------------------------------------- // 描述：Windows应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd) { //开始设计一个完整的窗口类 WNDCLASSEX wndClass = { 0 }; //用WINDCLASSEX定义了一个窗口类，即用wndClass实例化了WINDCLASSEX，用于之后窗口的各项初始化 wndClass.cbSize = sizeof( WNDCLASSEX ) ; //设置结构体的字节数大小 wndClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; //设置窗口的样式 wndClass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; //设置指向窗口过程函数的指针 wndClass.cbClsExtra = 0; wndClass.cbWndExtra = 0; wndClass.hInstance = hInstance; //指定包含窗口过程的程序的实例句柄。 wndClass.hIcon=(HICON)::LoadImage(NULL,_T("icon.ico"),IMAGE_ICON,0,0,LR_DEFAULTSIZE|LR_LOADFROMFILE); //从全局的::LoadImage函数从本地加载自定义ico图标 wndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_ARROW ); //指定窗口类的光标句柄。 wndClass.hbrBackground=(HBRUSH)GetStockObject(GRAY_BRUSH); //为hbrBackground成员指定一个灰色画刷句柄 wndClass.lpszMenuName = NULL; //用一个以空终止的字符串，指定菜单资源的名字。 wndClass.lpszClassName = _T("ForTheDreamOfGameDevelop"); //用一个以空终止的字符串，指定窗口类的名字。 if( !RegisterClassEx( &wndClass ) ) //设计完窗口后，需要对窗口类进行注册，这样才能创建该类型的窗口 return -1; HWND hwnd = CreateWindow( _T("ForTheDreamOfGameDevelop"),WINDOW_TITLE, //喜闻乐见的创建窗口函数CreateWindow WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL ); //Direct3D资源的初始化，调用失败用messagebox予以显示 if (!(S_OK==Direct3D_Init (hwnd,hInstance))) { MessageBox(hwnd, _T("Direct3D初始化失败~！"), _T("浅墨的消息窗口"), 0); //使用MessageBox函数，创建一个消息窗口 } PlaySound(L"asset/NightElfX1.wav", NULL, SND_FILENAME | SND_ASYNC|SND_LOOP); //循环播放背景音乐 MoveWindow(hwnd,200,10,WINDOW_WIDTH,WINDOW_HEIGHT,true); //调整窗口显示时的位置，窗口左上角位于屏幕坐标（200，10）处 ShowWindow( hwnd, nShowCmd ); //调用Win32函数ShowWindow来显示窗口 UpdateWindow(hwnd); //对窗口进行更新，就像我们买了新房子要装修一样 //进行DirectInput类的初始化 g_pDInput = new DInputClass(); g_pDInput->Init(hwnd,hInstance,DISCL_FOREGROUND | DISCL_NONEXCLUSIVE,DISCL_FOREGROUND | DISCL_NONEXCLUSIVE); //消息循环过程 MSG msg = { 0 }; //初始化msg while( msg.message != WM_QUIT ) //使用while循环 { if( PeekMessage( &msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE ) ) //查看应用程序消息队列，有消息时将队列中的消息派发出去。 { TranslateMessage( &msg ); //将虚拟键消息转换为字符消息 DispatchMessage( &msg ); //该函数分发一个消息给窗口程序。 } else { Direct3D_Update(hwnd); //调用更新函数，进行画面的更新 Direct3D_Render(hwnd); //调用渲染函数，进行画面的渲染 } } UnregisterClass(_T("ForTheDreamOfGameDevelop"), wndClass.hInstance); return 0; } //-----------------------------------【WndProc( )函数】-------------------------------------- // 描述：窗口过程函数WndProc,对窗口消息进行处理 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) //窗口过程函数WndProc { switch( message ) //switch语句开始 { case WM_PAINT: // 客户区重绘消息 Direct3D_Render(hwnd); //调用Direct3D_Render函数，进行画面的绘制 ValidateRect(hwnd, NULL); // 更新客户区的显示 break; //跳出该switch语句 case WM_KEYDOWN: // 键盘按下消息 if (wParam == VK_ESCAPE) // ESC键 DestroyWindow(hwnd); // 销毁窗口, 并发送一条WM_DESTROY消息 break; case WM_DESTROY: //窗口销毁消息 Direct3D_CleanUp(); //调用Direct3D_CleanUp函数，清理COM接口对象 PostQuitMessage( 0 ); //向系统表明有个线程有终止请求。用来响应WM_DESTROY消息 break; //跳出该switch语句 default: //若上述case条件都不符合，则执行该default语句 return DefWindowProc( hwnd, message, wParam, lParam ); //调用缺省的窗口过程来为应用程序没有处理的窗口消息提供缺省的处理。 } return 0; //正常退出 } //-----------------------------------【Direct3D_Init( )函数】---------------------------------- // 描述：Direct3D初始化函数，进行Direct3D的初始化 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HRESULT Direct3D_Init(HWND hwnd,HINSTANCE hInstance) { //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // 【Direct3D初始化四步曲之一，创接口】：创建Direct3D接口对象, 以便用该Direct3D对象创建Direct3D设备对象 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LPDIRECT3D9 pD3D = NULL; //Direct3D接口对象的创建 if( NULL == ( pD3D = Direct3DCreate9( D3D_SDK_VERSION ) ) ) //初始化Direct3D接口对象，并进行DirectX版本协商 return E_FAIL; //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // 【Direct3D初始化四步曲之二,取信息】：获取硬件设备信息 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- D3DCAPS9 caps; int vp = 0; if( FAILED( pD3D->GetDeviceCaps( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, &caps ) ) ) { return E_FAIL; } if( caps.DevCaps & D3DDEVCAPS_HWTRANSFORMANDLIGHT ) vp = D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING; //支持硬件顶点运算，我们就采用硬件顶点运算，妥妥的 else vp = D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING; //不支持硬件顶点运算，无奈只好采用软件顶点运算 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // 【Direct3D初始化四步曲之三，填内容】：填充D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS结构体 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp; ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp)); d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = WINDOW_WIDTH; d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = WINDOW_HEIGHT; d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8; d3dpp.BackBufferCount = 2; d3dpp.MultiSampleType = D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE; d3dpp.MultiSampleQuality = 0; d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD; d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hwnd; d3dpp.Windowed = true; d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = true; d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D24S8; d3dpp.Flags = 0; d3dpp.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = 0; d3dpp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE; //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // 【Direct3D初始化四步曲之四，创设备】：创建Direct3D设备接口 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- if(FAILED(pD3D->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hwnd, vp, &d3dpp, &g_pd3dDevice))) return E_FAIL; //获取显卡信息到g_strAdapterName中，并在显卡名称之前加上“当前显卡型号：”字符串 wchar_t TempName[60]=L"当前显卡型号："; //定义一个临时字符串，且方便了把"当前显卡型号："字符串引入我们的目的字符串中 D3DADAPTER_IDENTIFIER9 Adapter; //定义一个D3DADAPTER_IDENTIFIER9结构体，用于存储显卡信息 pD3D->GetAdapterIdentifier(0,0,&Adapter);//调用GetAdapterIdentifier，获取显卡信息 int len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP,0, Adapter.Description, -1, NULL, 0);//显卡名称现在已经在Adapter.Description中了，但是其为char类型，我们要将其转为wchar_t类型 MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, Adapter.Description, -1, g_strAdapterName, len);//这步操作完成后，g_strAdapterName中就为当前我们的显卡类型名的wchar_t型字符串了 wcscat_s(TempName,g_strAdapterName);//把当前我们的显卡名加到“当前显卡型号：”字符串后面，结果存在TempName中 wcscpy_s(g_strAdapterName,TempName);//把TempName中的结果拷贝到全局变量g_strAdapterName中，大功告成~ if(!(S_OK==Objects_Init())) return E_FAIL; SAFE_RELEASE(pD3D) //LPDIRECT3D9接口对象的使命完成，我们将其释放掉 return S_OK; } //-----------------------------------【Object_Init( )函数】-------------------------------------- // 描述：渲染资源初始化函数，在此函数中进行要被渲染的物体的资源的初始化 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HRESULT Objects_Init() { //创建字体 D3DXCreateFont(g_pd3dDevice, 36, 0, 0, 1000, false, DEFAULT_CHARSET, OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY, 0, _T("Calibri"), &g_pTextFPS); D3DXCreateFont(g_pd3dDevice, 20, 0, 1000, 0, false, DEFAULT_CHARSET, OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY, 0, L"华文中宋", &g_pTextAdaperName); D3DXCreateFont(g_pd3dDevice, 23, 0, 1000, 0, false, DEFAULT_CHARSET, OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY, 0, L"微软雅黑", &g_pTextHelper); D3DXCreateFont(g_pd3dDevice, 26, 0, 1000, 0, false, DEFAULT_CHARSET, OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY, 0, L"黑体", &g_pTextInfor); // 从X文件中加载网格数据 LPD3DXBUFFER pAdjBuffer = NULL; LPD3DXBUFFER pMtrlBuffer = NULL; D3DXLoadMeshFromX(L"asset/bee.X", D3DXMESH_MANAGED, g_pd3dDevice, &pAdjBuffer, &pMtrlBuffer, NULL, &g_dwNumMtrls, &g_pMesh); // 读取材质和纹理数据 D3DXMATERIAL *pMtrls = (D3DXMATERIAL*)pMtrlBuffer->GetBufferPointer(); //创建一个D3DXMATERIAL结构体用于读取材质和纹理信息 g_pMaterials = new D3DMATERIAL9[g_dwNumMtrls]; g_pTextures = new LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9[g_dwNumMtrls]; for (DWORD i=0; i<g_dwNumMtrls; i++) { //获取材质，并设置一下环境光的颜色值 g_pMaterials[i] = pMtrls[i].MatD3D; g_pMaterials[i].Ambient = g_pMaterials[i].Diffuse; //创建一下纹理对象 g_pTextures[i] = NULL; D3DXCreateTextureFromFileA(g_pd3dDevice, pMtrls[i].pTextureFilename, &g_pTextures[i]); } SAFE_RELEASE(pAdjBuffer) SAFE_RELEASE(pMtrlBuffer) //创建柱子 D3DXCreateCylinder(g_pd3dDevice, 8000.0f, 100.0f, 50000.0f, 60, 60, &g_cylinder, 0); g_MaterialCylinder.Ambient = D3DXCOLOR(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); g_MaterialCylinder.Diffuse = D3DXCOLOR(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); g_MaterialCylinder.Specular = D3DXCOLOR(0.5f, 0.0f, 0.3f, 0.3f); g_MaterialCylinder.Emissive = D3DXCOLOR(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // 设置光照 D3DLIGHT9 light; ::ZeroMemory(&light, sizeof(light)); light.Type = D3DLIGHT_DIRECTIONAL; light.Ambient = D3DXCOLOR(0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f, 1.0f); light.Diffuse = D3DXCOLOR(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); light.Specular = D3DXCOLOR(0.9f, 0.9f, 0.9f, 1.0f); light.Direction = D3DXVECTOR3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); g_pd3dDevice->SetLight(0, &light); g_pd3dDevice->LightEnable(0, true); g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_NORMALIZENORMALS, true); g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SPECULARENABLE, true); // 创建并初始化虚拟摄像机 g_pCamera = new CameraClass(g_pd3dDevice); g_pCamera->SetCameraPosition(&D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 12000.0f, -30000.0f)); //设置摄像机所在的位置 g_pCamera->SetTargetPosition(&D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 10000.0f, 0.0f)); //设置目标观察点所在的位置 g_pCamera->SetViewMatrix(); //设置取景变换矩阵 g_pCamera->SetProjMatrix(); //设置投影变换矩阵 // 创建并初始化地形 g_pTerrain = new TerrainClass(g_pd3dDevice); g_pTerrain->LoadTerrainFromFile(L"asset/heighmap.raw", L"asset/green.jpg"); //从文件加载高度图和纹理 g_pTerrain->InitTerrain(200, 200, 300.0f, 70.0f); //四个值分别是顶点行数，顶点列数，顶点间间距，缩放系数 return S_OK; } //-----------------------------------【Direct3D_Update( )函数】-------------------------------- // 描述：不是即时渲染代码但是需要即时调用的，如按键后的坐标的更改，都放在这里 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void Direct3D_Update( HWND hwnd) { //使用DirectInput类读取数据 g_pDInput->GetInput(); // 沿摄像机各分量移动视角 if (g_pDInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_A)) g_pCamera->MoveAlongRightVec(-10.0f); if (g_pDInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_D)) g_pCamera->MoveAlongRightVec( 10.0f); if (g_pDInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_W)) g_pCamera->MoveAlongLookVec( 10.0f); if (g_pDInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_S)) g_pCamera->MoveAlongLookVec(-10.0f); if (g_pDInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_R)) g_pCamera->MoveAlongUpVec( 10.0f); if (g_pDInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_F)) g_pCamera->MoveAlongUpVec(-10.0f); //沿摄像机各分量旋转视角 if (g_pDInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_LEFT)) g_pCamera->RotationUpVec(-0.003f); if (g_pDInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_RIGHT)) g_pCamera->RotationUpVec( 0.003f); if (g_pDInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_UP)) g_pCamera->RotationRightVec(-0.003f); if (g_pDInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_DOWN)) g_pCamera->RotationRightVec( 0.003f); if (g_pDInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_E)) g_pCamera->RotationLookVec( 0.001f); if (g_pDInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_Q)) g_pCamera->RotationLookVec(-0.001f); //鼠标控制右向量和上向量的旋转 g_pCamera->RotationUpVec(g_pDInput->MouseDX()* 0.001f); g_pCamera->RotationRightVec(g_pDInput->MouseDY() * 0.001f); //鼠标滚轮控制观察点收缩操作 static FLOAT fPosZ=0.0f; fPosZ += g_pDInput->MouseDZ()*0.03f; //计算并设置取景变换矩阵 D3DXMATRIX matView; g_pCamera->CalculateViewMatrix(&matView); g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, &matView); //把正确的世界变换矩阵存到g_matWorld中 D3DXMatrixTranslation(&g_matWorld, 0.0f, 0.0f, fPosZ); //以下这段代码用于限制鼠标光标移动区域 POINT lt,rb; RECT rect; GetClientRect(hwnd,&rect); //取得窗口内部矩形 //将矩形左上点坐标存入lt中 lt.x = rect.left; lt.y = rect.top; //将矩形右下坐标存入rb中 rb.x = rect.right; rb.y = rect.bottom; //将lt和rb的窗口坐标转换为屏幕坐标 ClientToScreen(hwnd,<); ClientToScreen(hwnd,&rb); //以屏幕坐标重新设定矩形区域 rect.left = lt.x; rect.top = lt.y; rect.right = rb.x; rect.bottom = rb.y; //限制鼠标光标移动区域 ClipCursor(&rect); ShowCursor(false); //隐藏鼠标光标 } //-----------------------------------【Direct3D_Render( )函数】------------------------------- // 描述：使用Direct3D进行渲染 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void Direct3D_Render(HWND hwnd) { //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // 【Direct3D渲染五步曲之一】：清屏操作 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- g_pd3dDevice->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET|D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER|D3DCLEAR_STENCIL, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 108, 255), 1.0f, 0); //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // 【Direct3D渲染五步曲之二】：开始绘制 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- g_pd3dDevice->BeginScene(); // 开始绘制 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // 【Direct3D渲染五步曲之三】：正式绘制 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- //绘制大黄蜂 D3DXMATRIX mScal,mRot1,mRot2,mTrans,mFinal; //定义一些矩阵，准备对大黄蜂进行矩阵变换 D3DXMatrixScaling(&mScal,20.0f,20.0f,20.0f); D3DXMatrixTranslation(&mTrans,0,8000,0); D3DXMatrixRotationX(&mRot1, D3DX_PI/2); D3DXMatrixRotationY(&mRot2, D3DX_PI/2); mFinal=mScal*mRot1*mRot2*mTrans*g_matWorld; g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &mFinal);//设置模型的世界矩阵，为绘制做准备 // 用一个for循环，进行模型的网格各个部分的绘制 for (DWORD i = 0; i < g_dwNumMtrls; i++) { g_pd3dDevice->SetMaterial(&g_pMaterials[i]); //设置此部分的材质 g_pd3dDevice->SetTexture(0, g_pTextures[i]);//设置此部分的纹理 g_pMesh->DrawSubset(i); //绘制此部分 } //绘制地形 g_pTerrain->RenderTerrain(&g_matWorld, false); //渲染地形，且第二个参数设为false，表示不渲染出地形的线框 //绘制柱子 D3DXMATRIX TransMatrix, RotMatrix, FinalMatrix; D3DXMatrixRotationX(&RotMatrix, -D3DX_PI * 0.5f); g_pd3dDevice->SetMaterial(&g_MaterialCylinder); for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { D3DXMatrixTranslation(&TransMatrix, -10000.0f, 0.0f, -15000.0f + (i * 20000.0f)); FinalMatrix = RotMatrix * TransMatrix ; g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &FinalMatrix); g_cylinder->DrawSubset(0); D3DXMatrixTranslation(&TransMatrix, 10000.0f, 0.0f, -15000.0f + (i * 20000.0f)); FinalMatrix = RotMatrix * TransMatrix ; g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &FinalMatrix); g_cylinder->DrawSubset(0); } //绘制文字信息 HelpText_Render(hwnd); //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // 【Direct3D渲染五步曲之四】：结束绘制 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- g_pd3dDevice->EndScene(); // 结束绘制 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // 【Direct3D渲染五步曲之五】：显示翻转 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- g_pd3dDevice->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL); // 翻转与显示 } //-----------------------------------【HelpText_Render( )函数】------------------------------- // 描述：封装了帮助信息的函数 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void HelpText_Render(HWND hwnd) { //定义一个矩形，用于获取主窗口矩形 RECT formatRect; GetClientRect(hwnd, &formatRect); //在窗口右上角处，显示每秒帧数 formatRect.top = 5; int charCount = swprintf_s(g_strFPS, 20, _T("FPS:%0.3f"), Get_FPS() ); g_pTextFPS->DrawText(NULL, g_strFPS, charCount , &formatRect, DT_TOP | DT_RIGHT, D3DCOLOR_RGBA(0,239,136,255)); //显示显卡类型名 g_pTextAdaperName->DrawText(NULL,g_strAdapterName, -1, &formatRect, DT_TOP | DT_LEFT, D3DXCOLOR(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f)); // 输出帮助信息 formatRect.left = 0,formatRect.top = 380; g_pTextInfor->DrawText(NULL, L"控制说明:", -1, &formatRect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_NOCLIP | DT_LEFT, D3DCOLOR_RGBA(235,123,230,255)); formatRect.top += 35; g_pTextHelper->DrawText(NULL, L" W：向前飞翔 S：向后飞翔 ", -1, &formatRect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_NOCLIP | DT_LEFT, D3DCOLOR_RGBA(255,200,0,255)); formatRect.top += 25; g_pTextHelper->DrawText(NULL, L" A：向左飞翔 D：向右飞翔", -1, &formatRect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_NOCLIP | DT_LEFT, D3DCOLOR_RGBA(255,200,0,255)); formatRect.top += 25; g_pTextHelper->DrawText(NULL, L" R：垂直向上飞翔 F：垂直向下飞翔", -1, &formatRect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_NOCLIP | DT_LEFT, D3DCOLOR_RGBA(255,200,0,255)); formatRect.top += 25; g_pTextHelper->DrawText(NULL, L" Q：向左倾斜 E：向右倾斜", -1, &formatRect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_NOCLIP | DT_LEFT, D3DCOLOR_RGBA(255,200,0,255)); formatRect.top += 25; g_pTextHelper->DrawText(NULL, L" 上、下、左、右方向键、鼠标移动：视角变化 ", -1, &formatRect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_NOCLIP | DT_LEFT, D3DCOLOR_RGBA(255,200,0,255)); formatRect.top += 25; g_pTextHelper->DrawText(NULL, L" 鼠标滚轮：人物模型Y轴方向移动", -1, &formatRect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_NOCLIP | DT_LEFT, D3DCOLOR_RGBA(255,200,0,255)); formatRect.top += 25; g_pTextHelper->DrawText(NULL, L" ESC键 : 退出程序", -1, &formatRect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_NOCLIP | DT_LEFT, D3DCOLOR_RGBA(255,200,0,255)); } //-----------------------------------【Get_FPS( )函数】------------------------------------------ // 描述：用于计算每秒帧速率的一个函数 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- float Get_FPS() { //定义四个静态变量 static float fps = 0; //我们需要计算的FPS值 static int frameCount = 0;//帧数 static float currentTime =0.0f;//当前时间 static float lastTime = 0.0f;//持续时间 frameCount++;//每调用一次Get_FPS()函数，帧数自增1 currentTime = timeGetTime()*0.001f;//获取系统时间，其中timeGetTime函数返回的是以毫秒为单位的系统时间，所以需要乘以0.001，得到单位为秒的时间 //如果当前时间减去持续时间大于了1秒钟，就进行一次FPS的计算和持续时间的更新，并将帧数值清零 if(currentTime - lastTime > 1.0f) //将时间控制在1秒钟 { fps = (float)frameCount /(currentTime - lastTime);//计算这1秒钟的FPS值 lastTime = currentTime; //将当前时间currentTime赋给持续时间lastTime，作为下一秒的基准时间 frameCount = 0;//将本次帧数frameCount值清零 } return fps; } //-----------------------------------【Direct3D_CleanUp( )函数】-------------------------------- // 描述：对Direct3D的资源进行清理，释放COM接口对象 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void Direct3D_CleanUp() { //释放COM接口对象 for (DWORD i = 0; i<g_dwNumMtrls; i++) SAFE_RELEASE(g_pTextures[i]); SAFE_DELETE(g_pTextures); SAFE_DELETE(g_pMaterials); SAFE_DELETE(g_pDInput); SAFE_RELEASE(g_cylinder); SAFE_RELEASE(g_pMesh); SAFE_RELEASE(g_pd3dDevice); SAFE_RELEASE(g_pTextAdaperName) SAFE_RELEASE(g_pTextHelper) SAFE_RELEASE(g_pTextInfor) SAFE_RELEASE(g_pTextFPS) SAFE_RELEASE(g_pd3dDevice) }
