農農  

一.什么是数组:

            数组是一个变量,存储相同数据类型的一组数据

                声明一个变量就是在内存空间划出一块合适的空间
                声明一个数组就是在内存空间划出一串连续的空间

        二.数组基本要素:

            标识符:数组的名称,用于区分不同的数组
            数组元素:向数组中存放的数据
            元素下标:对数组元素进行编号,从0开始,数组中的每个元素都可以通过下标来访问
            元素类型:数组元素的数据类型  

            注意:数组长度固定不变,避免数组越界

        三:使用数组的步骤:

            1.声明数组:告诉计算机数据类型是什么            int [] a;

                        语法:
                            数据类型    数组名[ ] ;
                            数据类型[ ]  数组名 ;


            2.分配空间:告诉计算机分配几个连续的空间              a=new int[5];

                        语法:
                            数据类型[ ]  数组名   =   new   数据类型[大小]  ;             


            3.赋值:向分配的格子里放数据                  a[0]=8;

            

        

                3.1 边声明边赋值
                    int[ ] score = {89, 79, 76};
                    int[ ] score = new int[ ]{89, 79, 76};        不能指定数组长度

                3.2 动态地从键盘录入信息并赋值
                    Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
                    for(int i = 0; i < 30; i ++){
                         score[i] = input.nextInt();
                    }

            4.处理数据:计算5位学生的平均分              a[0]=a[0]*10;
                int [ ] score = {60, 80, 90, 70, 85};
                    double avg;
                avg = (score[0] + score[1] + score[2] + score[3] + score[4])/5;  

                数组名.length代表数组的长度

            案例:计算全班学员的平均分

                public class Demo01 {
                    public static void main(String[] args) {
                        //存储30名学员的成绩
                            int [] score=new int[5];
                            double avg=0.0;        //平均分
                            double sum=0;        //成绩总和
                              Scanner input=new Scanner(System.in);
                               //.length:代表了数组的长度        30
                        
                        for (int i = 0; i < score.length; i++) {
                               System.out.println("请输入第"+(i+1)+"位学员的成绩:");
                                 score[i]=input.nextInt();
                                //每一次循环计算总和
                                  sum=sum+score[i];
                            }
                                 avg=sum/score.length;
                                  System.out.println("平均分:"+avg);
                        
                        
                          }
                }

        四.数组排序:
                升序:Arrays.sort(数组名);                从0到最大
                降序:升序拍列完毕后     从最大到0
            案例:升序he降序拍列成绩
                public class Demo02 {
                         public static void main(String[] args) {
                                  //定义一个数组,存储5位学员的成绩
                                int [] score=new int[]{98,56,74,85,100};
                               System.out.println("5位学员的初始成绩:");
                                for (int i = 0; i < score.length; i++) {
                                System.out.print(score[i]+"\t");
                           }
                              System.out.println();
                              System.out.println("5位学员的升序拍列后的成绩:");
                                 //升序拍列
                            Arrays.sort(score);
                              for (int i = 0; i < score.length; i++) {
                              System.out.print(score[i]+"\t");
                         }
                            System.out.println();
                             System.out.println("5位学员的降序拍列后的成绩:");
                           //降序:从后往前打印
                            //score.length-1:数组最大下标
                             for (int j = score.length-1; j>=0; j--) {
                           System.out.print(score[j]+"\t");
                        }
                    
                   }
            }
posted on 2018-05-21 13:50  Baekhyunne  阅读(176)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报