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1 #pragma once
2
3 #include <iostream>
4 #include <string>
5
6 using std::cout;
7 using std::endl;
8 using std::string;
9
10 // 发行/出版物类：Publisher （抽象类）
11 class Publisher {
12 public:
13 Publisher(const string &s = ""); // 构造函数
14
15 public:
16 virtual void publish() const = 0; // 纯虚函数，作为接口继承
17 virtual void use() const = 0; // 纯虚函数，作为接口继承
18
19 protected:
20 string name; // 发行/出版物名称
21 };
22
23 Publisher::Publisher(const string &s): name {s} {
24 }
25
26
27 // 图书类: Book
28 class Book: public Publisher {
29 public:
30 Book(const string &s = "", const string &a = ""); // 构造函数
31
32 public:
33 void publish() const override; // 接口
34 void use() const override; // 接口
35
36 private:
37 string author; // 作者
38 };
39
40 Book::Book(const string &s, const string &a): Publisher{s}, author{a} {
41 }
42
43 void Book::publish() const {
44 cout << "Publishing book: 《" << name << "》 by " << author << endl;
45 }
46
47 void Book::use() const {
48 cout << "Reading book: " << name << " by " << author << endl;
49 }
50
51
52 // 电影类: Film
53 class Film: public Publisher {
54 public:
55 Film(const string &s = "", const string &d = ""); // 构造函数
56
57 public:
58 void publish() const override; // 接口
59 void use() const override; // 接口
60
61 private:
62 string director; // 导演
63 };
64
65 Film::Film(const string &s, const string &d): Publisher{s}, director{d} {
66 }
67
68 void Film::publish() const {
69 cout << "Publishing film: <" << name << "> directed by " << director << endl;
70 }
71
72 void Film::use() const {
73 cout << "Watching film: " << name << " directed by " << director << endl;
74 }
75
76
77 // 音乐类：Music
78 class Music: public Publisher {
79 public:
80 Music(const string &s = "", const string &a = "");
81
82 public:
83 void publish() const override; // 接口
84 void use() const override; // 接口
85
86 private:
87 string artist; // 音乐艺术家名称
88 };
89
90
91
92
93 #include "publisher.hpp"
94 #include <vector>
95 #include <typeinfo>
96
97 using std::vector;
98
99 void test() {
100 vector<Publisher *> v;
101
102 v.push_back(new Book("Harry Potter", "J.K. Rowling"));
103 v.push_back(new Film("The Godfather", "Francis Ford Coppola"));
104 v.push_back(new Music("Blowing in the wind", "Bob Dylan"));
105
106 for(auto &ptr: v) {
107 cout << "pointer type: " << typeid(ptr).name() << endl; // 输出指针类型
108 cout << "RTTI type: " << typeid(*ptr).name() << endl; // 输出指针指向的对象类型
109 ptr->publish();
110 ptr->use();
111 cout << endl;
112 }
113 }
114
115 int main() {
116 test();
117 }
task1
1 #pragma once
2
3 #include <string>
4 #include <iostream>
5 #include <iomanip>
6
7 using std::string;
8 using std::ostream;
9 using std::endl;
10 using std::setw;
11 using std::left;
12
13 class Book {
14 public:
15 Book(const string &name, const string &author, const string &translator, const string &isbn, float price);
16
17 friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Book &book);
18
19 private:
20 string name; // 书名
21 string author; // 作者
22 string translator; // 译者
23 string isbn; // isbn号
24 float price; // 定价
25 };
26
27 // 成员函数实现
28 Book::Book(const string &name, const string &author, const string &translator, const string &isbn, float price) {
29 this->name = name;
30 this->author = author;
31 this->translator = translator;
32 this->isbn = isbn;
33 this->price = price;
34 }
35
36 // 友元实现
37 ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Book &book) {
38 out << left;
39 out << setw(15) << "书名:" << book.name << endl
40 << setw(15) << "作者:" << book.author << endl
41 << setw(15) << "译者:" << book.translator << endl
42 << setw(15) << "ISBN:" << book.isbn << endl
43 << setw(15) << "定价:" << book.price;
44
45 return out;
46 }
47
48
49
50
51 #pragma once
52
53 #include "book.hpp"
54 #include <iostream>
55 #include <string>
56 #include <iomanip>
57
58 using std::string;
59 using std::cout;
60 using std::endl;
61 using std::setw;
62
63 class BookSale {
64 public:
65 BookSale(const Book &b, float price, int amount);
66 int get_amount() const;
67
68 friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const BookSale &item);
69
70 private:
71 Book rb;
72 float sales_price; // 售价
73 int sales_amount; // 销售数量
74 float revenue; // 营收
75 };
76
77 // 成员函数实现
78 BookSale::BookSale(const Book &b, float price, int amount): rb{b}, sales_price(price), sales_amount{amount} {
79 revenue = sales_amount * sales_price;
80 }
81
82 int BookSale::get_amount() const {
83 return sales_amount;
84 }
85
86 // 友元函数实现
87 ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const BookSale &item) {
88 out << left;
89 out << item.rb << endl
90 << setw(15) << "售价:" << item.sales_price << endl
91 << setw(15) << "销售数量:" << item.sales_amount << endl
92 << setw(15) << "营收:" << item.revenue;
93
94 return out;
95 }
96
97
98
99
100 #include "booksale.hpp"
101 #include <iostream>
102 #include <string>
103 #include <vector>
104 #include <algorithm>
105
106 // 按图书销售数额比较
107 bool compare_by_amount(const BookSale &x1, const BookSale &x2) {
108 return x1.get_amount() > x2.get_amount();
109 }
110
111 void test() {
112 using namespace std;
113
114 vector<BookSale> sales_lst; // 存放图书销售记录
115
116 int books_number;
117 cout << "录入图书数量: ";
118 cin >> books_number;
119
120 cout << "录入图书销售记录" << endl;
121 for(int i = 0; i < books_number; ++i) {
122 string name, author, translator, isbn;
123 float price;
124 cout << string(20, '-') << "第" << i+1 << "本图书信息录入" << string(20, '-') << endl;
125 cout << "录入书名: "; cin >> name;
126 cout << "录入作者: "; cin >> author;
127 cout << "录入译者: "; cin >> translator;
128 cout << "录入isbn: "; cin >> isbn;
129 cout << "录入定价: "; cin >> price;
130
131 Book book(name, author, translator, isbn, price);
132
133 float sales_price;
134 int sales_amount;
135
136 cout << "录入售价: "; cin >> sales_price;
137 cout << "录入销售数量: "; cin >> sales_amount;
138
139 BookSale record(book, sales_price, sales_amount);
140 sales_lst.push_back(record);
141 }
142
143 // 按销售册数排序
144 sort(sales_lst.begin(), sales_lst.end(), compare_by_amount);
145
146 // 按销售册数降序输出图书销售信息
147 cout << string(20, '=') << "图书销售统计" << string(20, '=') << endl;
148 for(auto &t: sales_lst) {
149 cout << t << endl;
150 cout << string(40, '-') << endl;
151 }
152 }
153
154 int main() {
155 test();
156 }
task2
1 #ifndef PETS_HPP
2 #define PETS_HPP
3
4 #include <string>
5 #include <iostream>
6
7 class MachinePets {
8 protected:
9 std::string nickname;
10 public:
11
12 explicit MachinePets(const std::string &nickname) : nickname(nickname) {}
13
14 virtual ~MachinePets() {}
15
16 std::string get_nickname() const {
17 return nickname;
18 }
19
20 virtual std::string talk() const = 0;
21 };
22
23 class PetCats : public MachinePets {
24 public:
25
26 explicit PetCats(const std::string &nickname) : MachinePets(nickname) {}
27
28 std::string talk() const override {
29 return "miao~";
30 }
31 };
32
33 class PetDogs : public MachinePets {
34 public:
35
36 explicit PetDogs(const std::string &nickname) : MachinePets(nickname) {}
37
38 std::string talk() const override {
39 return "wang wang~";
40 }
41 };
42
43 #endif
44
45
46 #include <iostream>
47 #include <vector>
48 #include "pets.hpp"
49
50 void test() {
51 using namespace std;
52
53 vector<MachinePets *> pets;
54
55 pets.push_back(new PetCats("miku"));
56 pets.push_back(new PetDogs("da huang"));
57
58 for(auto &ptr: pets)
59 cout <<ptr->get_nickname() << " says " << ptr->talk() << endl;
60 }
61
62 int main() {
63 test();
64 }
task3
1 #ifndef FILM_HPP
2 #define FILM_HPP
3
4 #include <string>
5 #include <iostream>
6
7 // Film 类定义
8 class Film {
9 private:
10 std::string title; // 片名
11 std::string director; // 导演
12 std::string country; // 制片国家/地区
13 int year; // 上映年份
14
15 public:
16 // 默认构造函数
17 Film() : title(""), director(""), country(""), year(0) {}
18
19 // 带参数的构造函数
20 Film(const std::string &title, const std::string &director, const std::string &country, int year)
21 : title(title), director(director), country(country), year(year) {}
22
23 // 输入流运算符重载，用于读取电影信息
24 friend std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, Film &film) {
25 std::cout << "输入片名: ";
26 std::getline(is, film.title);
27 std::cout << "输入导演: ";
28 std::getline(is, film.director);
29 std::cout << "输入制片国家/地区: ";
30 std::getline(is, film.country);
31 std::cout << "输入上映年份: ";
32 is >> film.year;
33 is.ignore(); // 清除缓冲区中的换行符
34 return is;
35 }
36
37 // 输出流运算符重载，用于输出电影信息
38 friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Film &film) {
39 os << film.title << "\t" << film.director << "\t" << film.country << "\t" << film.year;
40 return os;
41 }
42
43 // 按年份排序的比较函数
44 static bool compare_by_year(const Film &a, const Film &b) {
45 return a.year < b.year;
46 }
47 };
48
49 #endif // FILM_HPP
50
51
52
53
54 #include "film.hpp"
55 #include <iostream>
56 #include <string>
57 #include <vector>
58 #include <algorithm>
59
60 void test() {
61 using namespace std;
62
63 int n;
64 cout << "输入电影数目: ";
65 cin >> n;
66
67 cout << "录入" << n << "部影片信息" << endl;
68 vector<Film> film_lst;
69 for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
70 Film f;
71 cout << string(20, '-') << "第" << i+1 << "部影片录入" << string(20, '-') << endl;
72 cin >> f;
73 film_lst.push_back(f);
74 }
75
76 // 按发行年份升序排序
77 sort(film_lst.begin(), film_lst.end(), compare_by_year);
78
79 cout << string(20, '=') + "电影信息(按发行年份)" + string(20, '=')<< endl;
80 for(auto &f: film_lst)
81 cout << f << endl;
82 }
83
84 int main() {
85 test();
86 }
task4
1 #include "Complex.hpp"
2 #include <iostream>
3
4 using std::cin;
5 using std::cout;
6 using std::endl;
7 using std::boolalpha;
8
9 void test1() {
10 Complex<int> c1(2, -5), c2(c1);
11
12 cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
13 cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
14 cout << "c1 + c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl;
15
16 c1 += c2;
17 cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
18 cout << boolalpha << (c1 == c2) << endl;
19 }
20
21 void test2() {
22 Complex<double> c1, c2;
23 cout << "Enter c1 and c2: ";
24 cin >> c1 >> c2;
25 cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
26 cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
27
28 cout << "c1.real = " << c1.get_real() << endl;
29 cout << "c1.imag = " << c1.get_imag() << endl;
30 }
31
32 int main() {
33 cout << "自定义类模板Complex测试1: " << endl;
34 test1();
35
36 cout << endl;
37
38 cout << "自定义类模板Complex测试2: " << endl;
39 test2();
40 }
41
42
43
44
45 #ifndef COMPLEX_HPP
46 #define COMPLEX_HPP
47
48 #include <iostream>
49
50 // 模板类 Complex 定义
51 template <typename T>
52 class Complex {
53 private:
54 T real; // 实部
55 T imag; // 虚部
56
57 public:
58 // 默认构造函数
59 Complex() : real(0), imag(0) {}
60
61 // 带参数构造函数
62 Complex(T real, T imag) : real(real), imag(imag) {}
63
64 // 拷贝构造函数
65 Complex(const Complex &other) : real(other.real), imag(other.imag) {}
66
67 // 获取实部
68 T get_real() const {
69 return real;
70 }
71
72 // 获取虚部
73 T get_imag() const {
74 return imag;
75 }
76
77 // 运算符重载：加法
78 Complex operator+(const Complex &other) const {
79 return Complex(real + other.real, imag + other.imag);
80 }
81
82 // 运算符重载：+=
83 Complex &operator+=(const Complex &other) {
84 real += other.real;
85 imag += other.imag;
86 return *this;
87 }
88
89 // 运算符重载：相等比较
90 bool operator==(const Complex &other) const {
91 return real == other.real && imag == other.imag;
92 }
93
94 // 运算符重载：输入流
95 friend std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, Complex &c) {
96 std::cout << "Real part: ";
97 is >> c.real;
98 std::cout << "Imaginary part: ";
99 is >> c.imag;
100 return is;
101 }
102
103 // 运算符重载：输出流
104 friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Complex &c) {
105 os << c.real << " + " << c.imag << "i";
106 return os;
107 }
108 };
109
110 #endif // COMPLEX_HPP
task5
1 date.h
2 #pragma once
3 class Date {
4 private:
5 int year;
6 int month;
7 int day;
8 int totalDays;
9 public:
10 Date(int year, int month, int day);
11 int getYear()const { return year; }
12 int getMonth()const { return month; }
13 int getDay()const { return day; }
14 int getMaxDay()const;
15 bool isLeapYear()const {
16 return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
17 }
18 void show() const;
19 int operator-(const Date& date)const {
20 return totalDays - date.totalDays;
21 }
22 };
23
24 date.cpp
25 #include"date.h"
26 #include<iostream>
27 #include<cstdlib>
28 using namespace std;
29 namespace {
30 const int DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[] = { 0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304 ,334,365 };
31 }
32 Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) :year(year), month(month), day(day) {
33 if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
34 cout << "Invalid date: ";
35 show();
36 cout << endl;
37 exit(1);
38 }
39 int years = year - 1;
40 totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
41 if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
42 }
43 int Date::getMaxDay()const {
44 if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
45 return 29;
46 else return DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[month - 1];
47 }
48 void Date::show()const {
49 cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
50 }
51
52 accumulator.h
53 #pragma once
54 #include "date.h"
55 class Accumulator {
56 private:
57 Date lastDate;
58 double value;
59 double sum;
60 public:
61 Accumulator(const Date& date, double value) :lastDate(date), value(value), sum{ 0 } {}
62 double getSum(const Date& date) const {
63 return sum + value * (date-lastDate);
64 }
65 void change(const Date& date, double value) {
66 sum = getSum(date);
67 lastDate = date;
68 this->value = value;
69 }
70 void reset(const Date& date, double value) {
71 lastDate = date;
72 this->value;
73 sum = 0;
74 }
75 };
76
77 account.h
78 #pragma once
79 #include"date.h"
80 #include"accumulator.h"
81 #include<string>
82 using namespace std;
83 class Account {
84 private:
85 string id;
86 double balance;
87 static double total;
88 protected:
89 Account(const Date& date, const string& id);
90 void record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
91 void error(const string& msg) const;
92 public:const string& getId() { return id; }
93 double getBalance()const { return balance; }
94 static double getTotal() { return total; }
95 virtual void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) = 0;
96 virtual void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) = 0;
97 virtual void settle(const Date& date) = 0;
98 virtual void show()const;
99 };
100 class SavingsAccount :public Account {
101 private:
102 Accumulator acc;
103 double rate;
104 public:
105 SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate);
106 double getRate() const { return rate; }
107 void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
108 void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
109 void settle(const Date& date);
110 };
111 class CreditAccount :public Account {
112 private:
113 Accumulator acc;
114 double credit;
115 double rate;
116 double fee;
117 double getDebt()const {
118 double balance = getBalance();
119 return(balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
120 }
121 public:CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee);
122 double getCredit()const { return credit; }
123 double getRate()const { return rate; }
124 double getFee() const { return fee; }
125 double getAvailableCredit()const {
126 if (getBalance() < 0)return credit + getBalance();
127 else return credit;
128 }
129 void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
130 void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
131 void settle(const Date& date);
132 void show()const;
133 };
134
135 account.cpp
136 #include "account.h"
137 #include <cmath>
138 #include<iostream>
139 using namespace std;
140 double Account::total = 0;
141 Account::Account(const Date& date, const string& id) :id(id), balance(0) {
142 date.show();
143 cout << "\t#" << id << "created" << endl;
144 }
145 void Account::record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
146 amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
147 balance += amount;
148 total += amount;
149 date.show();
150 cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
151 }
152 void Account::show()const { cout << id << "\tBalance:" << balance; }
153 void Account::error(const string& msg)const {
154 cout << "Error(#" << id << "):" << msg << endl;
155 }
156 SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate) :Account(date, id), rate(rate), acc(date, 0) {}
157 void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
158 record(date, amount, desc);
159 acc.change(date, getBalance());
160 }
161 void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
162 if (amount > getBalance()) {
163 error("not enough money");
164 }
165 else {
166 record(date, -amount, desc);
167 acc.change(date, getBalance());
168 }
169 }
170 void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
171 if (date.getMonth() == 1) {
172 double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate / (date - Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
173 if (interest != 0) record(date, interest, "interest");
174 acc.reset(date, getBalance());
175 }
176 }
177 CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee) :Account(date, id), credit(credit), rate(rate), fee(fee), acc(date, 0) {}
178 void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
179 record(date, amount, desc);
180 acc.change(date, getDebt());
181 }
182 void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
183 if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {
184 error("not enouogh credit");
185 }
186 else {
187 record(date, -amount, desc);
188 acc.change(date, getDebt());
189 }
190 }
191 void CreditAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
192 double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;
193 if (interest != 0) record(date, interest, "interest");
194 if (date.getMonth() == 1)record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
195 acc.reset(date, getDebt());
196 }
197 void CreditAccount::show()const {
198 Account::show();
199 cout << "\tAvailable credit:" << getAvailableCredit();
200 }
201
202 cpp
203 #include"account.h"
204 #include<iostream>
205 using namespace std;
206 int main() {
207 Date date(2008, 11, 1);
208 SavingsAccount sa1(date, "S3755217", 0.015);
209 SavingsAccount sa2(date, "02342342", 0.015);
210 CreditAccount ca(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50);
211 Account* accounts[] = { &sa1,&sa2,&ca };
212 const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(Account*);
213 cout << "(d)deposit (w)withdraw (s)show (c)change day (n)next month (e)exit" << endl;
214 char cmd;
215 do {
216 date.show();
217 cout << "\tTotal:" << Account::getTotal() << "\tcommand>";
218 int index, day;
219 double amount;
220 string desc;
221 cin >> cmd;
222 switch (cmd) {
223 case 'd':
224 cin >> index >> amount;
225 getline(cin, desc);
226 accounts[index]->deposit(date, amount, desc);
227 break;
228
229 case 'w':
230 cin >> index >> amount;
231 getline(cin, desc);
232 accounts[index]->withdraw(date, amount, desc);
233 break;
234 case 's':
235 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
236 cout << "[" << i << "]";
237 accounts[i]->show();
238 cout << endl;
239 }
240 break;
241
242 case 'c':
243 cin >> day;
244 if (day < date.getDay()) {
245 cout << "You cannot specify a previous day";
246 }
247 else if (day > date.getMaxDay())
248 cout << "Invalid day";
249 else date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), day);
250 break;
251 case 'n':
252 if (date.getMonth() == 12)
253 date = Date(date.getYear() + 1, 1, 1);
254 else date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1);
255 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
256 accounts[i]->settle(date);
257 }
258 break;
259 }
260 } while (cmd != 'e');
261 return 0;
262 }
task6
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