SCI写作的20例常见错误集锦
转载自:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/VHn-7mO7lx2Ds1n851yVUw
常见错误1：在首字母为元音发音的缩写词前插入不定冠词“a”。
错误解析：当缩写词的首字母的发音为五个元音字母“a, e, i ,o ,u”当中的任何一个时，应该插入不定冠词“an”。
例1：Direct measurements of each tissue were obtained using a MRI image.
正确写法：Direct measurements of each tissue were obtained using an MRI image.
例2：Should we use gloves while examining a HIV patient?
正确写法：Should we use gloves while examining an HIV patient?
常见错误2：在身体部位和结构名称前不使用定冠词“the”。
错误解析：句子中出现“aorta”（主动脉）、“uterus”（子宫）等属于人身体部位和结构名词时，应当插入定冠词“the”。
例1：The region of interest was set such that it included aorta.
正确写法：The region of interest was set such that it included the aorta.
例2：In this study, we performed MRIs for investigating the congenital deformities ofuterus.
正确写法：In this study, we performed MRIs for investigating the congenital deformities of the uterus.
需要注意的是，如果句子中连续有多个描述人身体部位和结构的名词，那么只需要在第一个名词前加the即可。如：We performed MRIs for investigating the congenital deformities ofthe uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.
常见错误3：在包含数字或字母的名词前插入定冠词“the”。
错误解析：在包含字母的名词“drug A”以及包含数字的名词“Group I”和“Group II”前不能加定冠词“the”。同时，在包含数字的名词“day 3”前也不能加定冠词“the”
例1：Left ventricular function after receiving the drug A was significantly greater inthe Group I than in the Group II.
正确写法：Left ventricular function after receiving drug A was significantly greater inGroup I than in Group II.
例2：Liquid diet was started from the day 3 after surgery.
正确写法：Liquid diet was started from day 3 after surgery.
常见错误4：在文章内引用图和表格时采用过去式时态。
错误解析：在文章内涉及到表（Table）或图（Figure）时，应使用现在式时。
例1：The baseline characteristics of all the subjects were summarized in Table 1.
正确写法：The baseline characteristics of all the subjects are summarized in Table 1.
例2：Figure 4-a showed the relationship between age and incidence of dementia.
正确写法：Figure 4-a shows the relationship between age and incidence of dementia.
常见错误5：当句子中使用计量单位作为主语时使用复数动词。
错误解析：即使句子中的“milligrams”后有“s”，但是由于是计量单位应当被视为单数的集体名词，所以谓语动词应当用单数。
例1：Fifty milligrams of the pulverized crude drug were mixed with 100 mL of the solvent.
正确写法：Fifty milligrams of the pulverized crude drug was mixed with 100 mL of the solvent.
例2：Twenty milliliters of blood were drawn from the affected and unaffected (control) individuals.
正确写法：Twenty milliliters of blood was drawn from the affected and unaffected (control) individuals.
常见错误6：使用美式英语写正式信件的时候在称呼后面插入“,”。
错误解析：使用美式英语写正式信件的时候在称呼后面应当插入“:”，写非正式信件的时候可以插入“,”。如果使用英式英语写信件则都可以使用“,”。
例1：Dear Dr. Thomson,
正确写法：Dear Dr.Thomson:
例2：Dear Editor,
正确写法：Dear Editor:
常见错误7：使用not only…but also时在but also前插入“,”。
错误解析：在关联连词（如not only…but also，either…or，neither…nor和both…and）成对出现在一个句子中时，不能插入“,”。
例：We observed that poor drug efficiency was due to not only lack of absorption, but also increased clearance.
正确写法：We observed that poor drug efficiency was due to not only lack of absorption but also increased clearance.
常见错误8：当被比较的两个事物没有被比较级形容词分开时使用短语“than that”。
错误解析：例句中被比较的“males”和“females”中间没有被比较级形容词“greater”隔开，因此不能使用“than that”，直接用“than”即可。
例1：The mean hemoglobin concentration was greater in males than that in females.
正确写法：The mean hemoglobin concentration was greater in males than in females. 或者The mean hemoglobin concentration in males was greater than that in females.
例2：The survival rates were significantly higher in the treated group than those in the untreated group.
正确写法：The survival rates were significantly higher in the treated group than in the untreated group. 或者 The survival rates in the treated group were significantlyhigher than those in the untreated group.
常见错误9：在句子中使用“patient was diagnosed as”。
错误解析：单词“diagnosed”是指在患者身上诊断出疾病情况，因此不能说患者被诊断为疾病，而应更改为患者被诊断出具有什么疾病。
例1：The patient was diagnosed as malignant hypertension and diabetes after a battery of tests.
正确写法：The patient was diagnosed with malignant hypertension and diabetes after a battery of tests. 或者 Malignant hypertension and diabetes were diagnosed in the patient after a battery of tests.
例2：The surgical repair for patients diagnosed as inguinal hernia was scheduled irrespective of their age or body weight.
正确写法：The surgical repair for patients diagnosed with inguinal hernia was scheduled irrespective of their age or body weight.
常见错误10：单词“case”和“patient”混用。
错误解析：“case”是指一种疾病的实例，而“patient”意指患有疾病的人，二者不能混为一谈。
例1：We attempted to clarify the impact of the discussion and explanation by analyzing the attitude of each of the 25 cases with depression.
正确写法：We attempted to clarify the impact of the discussion and explanation by analyzing the attitude of each of the 25 patients with depression.
例2：We report a patient of cervical cancer.
正确写法：We report a case of cervical cancer that.
常见错误11：要表达“提供一种药物或疗法”这个动作时使用动词“administrate”。
错误解析：虽然“administrate”和“administer”的名词形式相同（administration），但是“administrate”是指“管理、控制”，“administer”才是“给药、给予”的意思。
例1：Standard heparin was administrated daily by continuous intravenous infusion to maintain a stable clotting time.
正确写法：Standard heparin was administered daily by continuous intravenous infusion to maintain a stable clotting time.
例2：This drug is administrated intravenously at adosage of 5 mg/day for 4-5 consecutive days.
正确写法：This drug is administered intravenously at a dosage of 5 mg/day for 4-5 consecutive days.
常见错误12：在句首使用数字。
错误解析：不能将数字用在句子的开头，应该将数字拼出或者调整句子结构。
例1：24 patients were assigned to receive radiotherapy and 30 to receive a combination of radio- and chemotherapy.
正确写法：Twenty-four patients were assigned to receive radiotherapy and 30 to receive a combination of radio- and chemotherapy.或者 A total of 24 and 30 patients were assigned to receive radiotherapy and a combination of radio- and chemotherapy, respectively.
例2：60% of the enrolled subjects continued their participation until the end of the study.
正确写法：Sixty percent of the enrolled subjects continued their participation until the end of the study.
常见错误13：一个句子中数字的书写格式不一致。
错误解析：在句子中多次出现数字时应统一书写格式。
例1：We classified sleep events into 26 sleep attacks, four sleep episodes, andtwenty-three sleep events not other wise classified.
正确写法：We classified sleep events into 26 sleep attacks, 4 sleep episodes, and 23sleep events not other wise classified.
例2：The sample group consisted of nine teenagers, six middle-aged members, and 8senior citizens.
正确写法：The sample group consisted of 9 teenagers, 6 middle-aged members, and8 senior citizens.
常见错误14：在数字与其相应的单位中间或者在数学运算符前后不插入空格。
错误解析：在数字与其相应的单位之间应该插入空格，但百分号（%）除外，如30%。另外，在数学运算符“±”前后应插入空格。
例1：The body weight of the Beagles ranged between 5kg and 10kg;their average body weight was 7.5kg.
正确写法：The body weight of the Beagles ranged between 5 kg and 10 kg;their average body weight was 7.5 kg.
例2：Of the 91 participants (average age 60±5 years),51 and 40 were divided into 2 groups based on their response to the drug.
正确写法：Of the 91 participants (average age 60 ± 5 years), 51 and 40 were divided into 2 groups based on their response to the drug.
常见错误15：在一个句子中单位的书写格式不一致。
错误解析：在一个句子中单位的格式应统一。
例1：To exclude such a possibility, oxygen saturations were measured every 30 minover a period of 4 hours.
正确写法：To exclude such a possibility, oxygen saturations were measured every 30 min over a period of 4 h.
例2：Two mL of this solution was added to the mixture.
正确写法：Two milliliters of this solution was added to themixture.
常见错误16：单位的书写格式错误。
错误解析：在一个单位中不能使用多次“/”，如有多个分母，应用“·”连接。
例1：The patient was administered 70 mg/m2/h cisplatin.
正确写法：The patient was administered 70 mg· m-2·h-1 cisplatin. 或者 The patient was administered 70 mg/(m2·h) cisplatin.
例2：Constant air flow at 45 mL/min/L was provided from the bottom of the fermenter.
正确写法：Constant air flow at 45mL·min-1·L-1was provided from the bottom of the fermenter. 或者Constant air flow at 45 mL/(min·L) was provided from the bottom of the fermenter.
常见错误17：在使用百分数表达范围时不重复使用“%”。
错误解析：注意数字与%之间不需要插入空格。
例1：The range of annual incidence rates of URTI was 0.4-1.9%.
正确写法：The range of annual incidence rates of URTI was 0.4%-1.9%.
例2：Approximately 60.0, 14.3, and16.7% patients in Groups A, B, and C, respectively, showed significant improvement.
正确写法：Approximately 60.0%, 14.3%,and 16.7% patients in Groups A, B, and C, respectively, showed significant improvement.
常见错误18：将乘号“×”用英文字母“X”代替。
例1：The equation for estimating this value is A = 3.56 x10-2 γ [a + b].
正确写法：The equation for estimating this value is A = 3.56 × 10-2 γ [a + b].
例2：The resected liver mass measured 1 x 1 x 0.15mm.
正确写法：The resected liver mass measured 1 × 1 × 0.15 mm.
常见错误19：日期格式书写错误。
例1：Between 1st January 2001 and December 31st 2003, 2176 patients underwent surgical operation and were pathologically proven to have breast cancer.
正确写法：
Day/month/year（英式英语）模式：Between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2003, 2176 patients underwent surgical operation and were pathologically proven to have breast cancer.
Month/day/year（美式英语）格式：Between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2003, 2176 patients underwent surgical operation and were pathologically proven to have breast cancer. 注意在使用Month/day/year（美式英语）格式时，需要在day与year之间插入“,”。
例2：All 37 patients were followed-up from January, 2000 to December, 2004.
正确写法：All 37 patients were followed-up from January 2000 to December 2004.
常见错误20：在特定的日期前使用介词“at”。
错误解析：在特定的日期前应使用介词“on”。
例1：Graft rejection was observed at days 215 and 265.
正确写法：Graft rejection was observed on days 215 and 265.
例2：Significant recovery was noticed at day 7, and the patient was discharged at day 12 of admission.
正确写法：Significant recovery was noticed on day 7, and the patient was dischargedon day 12 of admission.
