Docker(二):基于Docker构建SpringBoot微服务

在之前的文章里面介绍了如何基于docker容器部署一些常见的基础环境,例如MySQL、Redis这些,那么这篇文章里面我会介绍一些关于SpringBoot如何打包运行到docker容器中。

先介绍一下需要准备的基础环境内容:

1.一台centos机器

docker运行在centos7上,要求系统为64位,Linux内核版本为3.10以上

docker运行在centos6.5或更高的版本上,要求系统为64位,系统内核版本为2.6.32-431或更高版本

关于如何查看当前系统的内核版本可以通过uname指令来查询:

[root@izwz9ic9ggky8kub9x1ptuz target]# uname -r
3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64
[root@izwz9ic9ggky8kub9x1ptuz target]#

2.一份基础的SpringBoot项目代码

首先我们来构建一个简单的springboot模板项目,下边这份是相关的依赖文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.sise</groupId>
    <artifactId>docker-springboot</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.0.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <docker.image.prefix>springboot</docker.image.prefix>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


    <build>
        <!-- 注意这里的命名要与后边编写DockerFile中的命名一致 -->
        <finalName>spring-boot-docker-1.0</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
            <!-- Docker maven plugin -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>com.spotify</groupId>
                <artifactId>docker-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.0.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <imageName>${docker.image.prefix}/${project.artifactId}</imageName>
                    <dockerDirectory>src/main/docker</dockerDirectory>
                    <resources>
                        <resource>
                            <targetPath>/</targetPath>
                            <directory>${project.build.directory}</directory>
                            <include>${project.build.finalName}.jar</include>
                        </resource>
                    </resources>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <!-- Docker maven plugin -->
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

注意,这里有几个配置点需要仔细注意一下,在上边的maven配置中有一条叫做dockerDirectory的属性配置:

   <configuration>
                    <imageName>${docker.image.prefix}/${project.artifactId}</imageName>
                    <dockerDirectory>src/main/docker</dockerDirectory>
                    <resources>
                        <resource>
                            <targetPath>/</targetPath>
                            <directory>${project.build.directory}</directory>
                            <include>${project.build.finalName}.jar</include>
                        </resource>
                    </resources>
                </configuration>

这条属性对应的是指Dockerfile文件所存放的位置:

注意有坑:

在src/main/docker的目录底下需要我们编写一份叫做Dockerfile的文件,注意这份Dockerfile文件的命名一定不能修改,否则会识别不出来,导致后边会抛出下边这种异常:

Failed to execute goal com.spotify:docker-maven-plugin:1.0.0:build (default-cli) on project docker-springboot:
Exception caught: Request error: POST unix://localhost:80/build?t=springboot%2Fdocker-springboot: 500, body:
{"message":"Cannot locate specified Dockerfile: Dockerfile"}: HTTP 500 Internal Server Error -> [Help 1]

这份Dockerfile文件需要用特殊的语法规则来进行编写,这里我给出一份基础的Dockerfile文件模板:

FROM openjdk:8-jdk-alpine
VOLUME /tmp
ADD spring-boot-docker-1.0.jar app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java","-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom","-jar","/app.jar"]

稍微解释一下这里的语义含义:

FROM [image]指需要依赖的其他镜像信息,这里选择了jdk镜像

对于不熟悉的镜像环境如果需要搜索可以去到docker的官方网站进行查看:
https://hub.docker.com/

ADD 源地址目标地址 是指将原先的src文件 添加到我们需要打包的镜像里面

VOLUME /tmp Spring Boot应用程序为Tomcat创建的默认工作目录。作用是在你的主机”/var/lib/docker”目录下创建一个临时的文件,并且链接到容器中的”/tmp”目录。这部分的内容可以进入相应的目录下边去详细查看:

[root@izwz9ic9ggky8kub9x1ptuz docker]# cd /var/lib/docker
[root@izwz9ic9ggky8kub9x1ptuz docker]# ls
builder  buildkit  containers  image  network  overlay2  plugins  runtimes  swarm  tmp  trust  volumes
[root@izwz9ic9ggky8kub9x1ptuz docker]# cd ./tmp/
[root@izwz9ic9ggky8kub9x1ptuz tmp]# ls
docker-builder661781695
[root@izwz9ic9ggky8kub9x1ptuz tmp]# cd docker-builder661781695/
[root@izwz9ic9ggky8kub9x1ptuz docker-builder661781695]# ls
dockerFile  docker-springboot-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[root@izwz9ic9ggky8kub9x1ptuz docker-builder661781695]# 

ENTRYPOINT 这条指令的含义是说执行应用的时候默认传输的命令内容。

SpringBoot的代码也比较简单,分别是Application启动类:

package com.sise.docker;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * @author idea
 * @data 2019/11/10
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class DockerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DockerApplication.class);
    }
}

以及相应的SpringBoot控制器:

package com.sise.docker.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @author idea
 * @data 2019/11/10
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/docker")
public class DockerController {

    @GetMapping(value = "/test")
    public String test(){
        return "this is docker test";
    }
}

application.yml文件信息:

server:
  port: 7089

3.服务器上边需要安装maven和docker环境

关于docker的环境安装,在上一篇文章中已经讲解到了。

maven的环境安装讲解:

首先需要选择自己机器上边的安装地址,然后下载相应的文件包,并且进行解压:

wget http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/maven/maven-3/3.1.1/binaries/apache-maven-3.1.1-bin.tar.gz
tar zxf apache-maven-3.1.1-bin.tar.gz

然后我们进行相应的环境变量配置:

export MAVEN_HOME=[maven的安装路径]
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$MAVEN_HOME/bin

记得刷新一下profile配置文件

source /etc/profile

最后记得验证一下maven的配置是否正常:

[root@izwz9ic9ggky8kub9x1ptuz docker]# mvn -version
Apache Maven 3.1.1 (0728685237757ffbf44136acec0402957f723d9a; 2013-09-17 23:22:22+0800)
Maven home: /opt/maven/apache-maven-3.1.1
Java version: 1.8.0_151, vendor: Oracle Corporation
Java home: /opt/jdk/jdk1.8.0_151/jre
Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "linux", version: "3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"

一切就绪了,现在我们来将原先的准备好的一份SpringBoot项目上传到centos机器里面,然后通过maven的命令进行打包:

mvn package docker:build

当构建成功之后会有以下信息出现:

[INFO] Built springboot/spring-boot-docker
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 54.346 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-03-13T16:20:15+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 42M/182M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

接着我们便可以通过熟悉的docker images命令来查看当前的镜像内容了:

最后便是启动我们的镜像文件,并且进行测试:

[root@izwz9ic9ggky8kub9x1ptuz springboot-docker]# docker run -p 7089:7089 -d springboot/docker-springboot
38ec31c7a4802d852ee0834e1773136bd58a255875a9fa8cb2898aef0daa3e51
[root@izwz9ic9ggky8kub9x1ptuz springboot-docker]#

启动成功之后,我们通过命令进行测试接口:

[root@izwz9ic9ggky8kub9x1ptuz springboot-docker]# curl 127.0.0.1:7089/docker/test
this is docker test
[root@izwz9ic9ggky8kub9x1ptuz springboot-docker]# 

第一种方式的具体操作为进入https://hub.docker.com 官网,然后在顶部的搜索栏进行相关的搜索。例如说我们要搜索关于mysql的镜像信息,那么就可以通过以下操作:

 

 在官网上的搜索和在命令行执行docker search [镜像关键字]的结果基本是一致的:

[root@izwz9ic9ggky8kub9x1ptuz springboot-docker]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   8787                [OK]                
mariadb                           MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3080                [OK]                
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   652                                     [OK]
percona                           Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati…   459                 [OK]                
centos/mysql-57-centos7           MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   64                                      
centurylink/mysql                 Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link…   61                                      [OK]
mysql/mysql-cluster               Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr…   56                                      
deitch/mysql-backup               REPLACED! Please use http://hub.docker.com/r…   41                                      [OK]
bitnami/mysql                     Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      35                                      [OK]
tutum/mysql                       Base docker image to run a MySQL database se…   34                                      
schickling/mysql-backup-s3        Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic backup…   28                                      [OK]
prom/mysqld-exporter                                                              23                                      [OK]
linuxserver/mysql                 A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe…   22                                      
centos/mysql-56-centos7           MySQL 5.6 SQL database server                   17                                      
circleci/mysql                    MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   16                                      
mysql/mysql-router                MySQL Router provides transparent routing be…   14                                      
arey/mysql-client                 Run a MySQL client from a docker container      13                                      [OK]
imega/mysql-client                Size: 36 MB, alpine:3.5, Mysql client: 10.1.…   9                                       [OK]
openshift/mysql-55-centos7        DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 image…   6                                       
fradelg/mysql-cron-backup         MySQL/MariaDB database backup using cron tas…   4                                       [OK]
genschsa/mysql-employees          MySQL Employee Sample Database                  2                                       [OK]
ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb   An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL                2                                       [OK]
jelastic/mysql                    An image of the MySQL database server mainta…   1                                       
widdpim/mysql-client              Dockerized MySQL Client (5.7) including Curl…   0                                       [OK]
monasca/mysql-init                A minimal decoupled init container for mysql    0   

这里你可能会疑惑,为何输入了MySQL关键字之后却出来了这么多的相关信息,实际上这里走的是一次全文搜索,会将一些在描述内容中包含有MySQL的镜像信息都统一查询出来。

假设我们需要选择mysql的某一份镜像进行下载的话,可以直接docker pull mysql,但是这种方式会拉去最新版本的镜像到宿主机中。如果对版本有要求,我们可以到官网上选择合适的版本进行指定拉去。

 

 图中我也圈起来了拉去不同版本镜像的命令。

export MAVEN_HOME=[maven的安装路径]
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$MAVEN_HOME/bin

posted @ 2020-11-30 17:09  苏先生139  阅读(185)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报