分类分包思想----信息管理系统
项目介绍
1.通过数组或者集合来作为储存容器（对比：数据结构课设使用的是链表：通过指针连接结点）
2.使用了继承，抽象类和接口来简化程序
3.使用多态来实现统一化编程，来简化代码
使用分类分包思想
1.各种包中的角色各司其职
control:和用户进行交互：向上调用service中提供的方法
service:业务处理层：处理control提交的任务（service也可以调用其他的serviice提供的方法）
dao：专门用来操作数据库或者数据存储容器：处理sercice提交的需求
2.在mhl中其实也是分类思想，但是mhl中是将entry(程序入口)和control合二为一了，这样显得太臃肿了。而在在这个程序中则是将二者分开了，这样就很清晰了
按照一般习惯我们写代码的时候，习惯从control层往下层dao写。完成了control层然后完成所需求的下一次，以此往复
具体代码
- 包的结构
control包 - BaseStudentControl
package com.itheima.edu.info.manager.controller;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.domain.Student;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.service.StudentService;
import java.util.Scanner;
//客服接待，和用户打交道
public abstract class BaseStudentController {
private Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
private StudentService studentService = new StudentService();
//开启学生管理系统并展示菜单
public final void start() {
System.out.println("--------------欢迎来到学生管理系统..............................");
studentLoop: while (true) {
System.out.println("请输入你的选择:1.添加学生 2.删除学生 3.修改学生 4.查看学生 5.退出");
final String choice = sc.next();
switch (choice) {
case "1":
addStudent();
break;
case "2":
// System.out.println("删除学生");
deleteStudentById();
break;
case "3":
// System.out.println("修改学生");
updateStudent();
break;
case "4":
//System.out.println("查看学生");
findStudent();
break;
case "5":
System.out.println("欢迎使用学生管理系统，再见");
break studentLoop;//这里需要跳转到总菜单
default:
System.out.println("输入有误");
}
}
}
//修改学生
public final void updateStudent() {
final String id = inputStudentId();
//3.录入新的学生信息，并封装成对象
Student student = inputStudentInfo(id);
//4.调用studentService中的updateStudent方法修改学生信息,修改学生并提示修改成功
studentService.updateStudent(id,student);
System.out.println("修改成功");
}
public final void deleteStudentById() {
final String id = inputStudentId();
//3.调用业务员中的deleteStudentById方法根据id删除学生
studentService.deleteStudentById(id);
//4.提示删除成功
System.out.println("删除成功");
}
//查看学生
public final void findStudent() {
//1.调用业务员中的获取方法，得到学生的对象数组
Student[] students = studentService.findStudent();
//2.判断数组的内存地址，是否为null
if (students == null) {
System.out.println("查无信息，请添加后重试");
return;
}
//3.遍历数组，获取学生信息并打印在控制台上
System.out.println("学号\t\t姓名\t年龄\t生日");
for (Student student : students) {
if (student != null) {
System.out.println(student.getId() + "\t" + student.getName() + "\t\t" + student.getAge() + "\t\t" + student.getBirthday());
}
}
}
public final void addStudent() {
//1. 键盘接收学生信息
StudentService studentService = new StudentService();
String id;
while (true) {
System.out.println("请输入学生id：");
id = sc.next();
//判断id是否重复
boolean reason = studentService.isExact(id);
if (!reason) {//如果id没有重复则跳出循环
break;
} else {
System.out.println("id已存在,请重新输入");
}
}
//键盘录入学生信息
final Student student = inputStudentInfo(id);
//3.将学生对象传递给StudentService(业务员)中的addStudent方法(调用StudentService中的addStudent方法来实现功能)
boolean reason = studentService.addStudent(student);
//4.根据返回的boolean类型结果，在控制台打印成功/失败
if (reason) {
System.out.println("添加成功");
} else {
System.out.println("添加失败");
}
}
//键盘录入id
public final String inputStudentId(){
String id;
while (true) {
System.out.println("请输入学生id：");
id = sc.next();
//判断id是否重复
boolean reason = studentService.isExact(id);
if (reason) {//如果id重复则跳出循环
break;
} else {
System.out.println("id不存在,请重新输入");
}
}
return id;
}
//键盘录入学生信息
public abstract Student inputStudentInfo(String id);//定义为抽象方法，由子类重写
}
- OtherStudentControl
package com.itheima.edu.info.manager.controller;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.domain.Student;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.service.StudentService;
import java.util.Scanner;
//客服接待，和用户打交道
public class OtherStudentController extends BaseStudentController {
private Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
//键盘录入学生信息
@Override
public Student inputStudentInfo(String id){
System.out.println("请输入学生姓名：");
final String name = sc.next();
System.out.println("请输入学生年龄：");
final int age = sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("请输入学生生日：");
final String birthday = sc.next();
//2.将学生信息封装成对象
Student student = new Student(id, name, age, birthday);//对象封装对象进行修改
return student;
}
}
- StudentControl
package com.itheima.edu.info.manager.controller;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.domain.Student;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.service.StudentService;
import java.util.Scanner;
//客服接待，和用户打交道
public class StudentController extends BaseStudentController {
private Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
//键盘录入id
//键盘录入学生信息
@Override
public Student inputStudentInfo(String id){
System.out.println("请输入学生姓名：");
final String name = sc.next();
System.out.println("请输入学生年龄：");
final int age = sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("请输入学生生日：");
final String birthday = sc.next();
//2.将学生信息封装成对象
Student student = new Student();
student.setId(id);
student.setName(name);
student.setAge(age);
student.setBirthday(birthday);
return student;
}
}
- TheatherControl
package com.itheima.edu.info.manager.controller;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.domain.Student;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.domain.Teacher;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.service.TeacherService;
import java.util.Scanner;
//客服接待
public class TeacherController {
private Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
private TeacherService teacherService = new TeacherService();
//老师管理的菜单
public void start() {
teacherLoop:
while (true) {
System.out.println("请输入你的选择:1.添加老师 2.删除老师 3.修改老师 4.查看老师 5.退出");
String choice = sc.next();
switch (choice) {
case "1":
//System.out.println("添加老师");
addTeacher();
break;
case "2":
//System.out.println("删除老师");
deleteTeacherById();
break;
case "3":
// System.out.println("修改老师");
updateTeacherById();
break;
case "4":
// System.out.println("查看老师");
findTeacher();
break;
case "5":
System.out.println("欢迎使用老师管理系统,再见");
break teacherLoop;//这里需要退出到总菜单
default:
System.out.println("输入有误");
break;
}
}
}
public void updateTeacherById() {//修改学生
final String id = inputId();
//2.键盘录入新的学生信息并封装成对象
Teacher teacher = inputTeacherInfo(id);
//3.将对象传递给teacherService中的updateTeacher方法修改老师信息
teacherService.updateTeacherById(id,teacher);//由业务员进行信息的修改
//4.打印修改成功
System.out.println("修改成功");
}
public void deleteTeacherById() {//通过id删除老师
String id = inputId();
//3.调用teacherService中的deleteTeacherById方法根据id删除老师
teacherService.deleteTeacherById(id);
//4.提示删除成功
System.out.println("删除成功");
}
private void findTeacher() {//查询老师的信息
//1.请求teacherService的findTeacher方法返回数组
Teacher[] teachers = teacherService.findTeacher();
//2.遍历数组并打印老师信息
if (teachers != null) {//数组不为空，则开始打印数组
System.out.println("id\t\t姓名\t年龄\t生日");
for (Teacher teacher : teachers) {
if(teacher != null){//判断该元素是否为空位
System.out.println("" + teacher.getId() + "\t" + teacher.getName() + "\t" + teacher.getAge() + "\t\t" + teacher.getBirthday());
}
}
} else {
System.out.println("暂无信息,请添加后重试");
}
}
//实现老师的添加
void addTeacher() {
String id = null;
while (true) {
//1.键盘接收老师的信息，并将信息打包成对象
System.out.println("请输入老师id:");
id = sc.next();
boolean flag = teacherService.isExact(id);//判断输入的id是否存在
if (!flag) {
break;
} else {
System.out.println("该id已存在,请重新输入");
}
}
Teacher teacher = inputTeacherInfo(id);//录入学生信息并封装成对象
//2.将对象传递给TeacherService的addTeacher方法完成具体的添加操作
boolean reason = teacherService.addTeacher(teacher);
//3.打印添加成功或者失败
System.out.println("添加成功");
}
//录入学生id(需要id存在)
public String inputId() {
String id;
while (true) {
//1.接收客户输入的id
System.out.println("请输入要删除的id:");
id = sc.next();
//2.判断id是否存在
final boolean flag = teacherService.isExact(id);
if (flag) {
break;
}else{
System.out.println("该id不存在，请重新输入！");
}
}
return id;
}
//键盘录入学生信息并封装成对象
public Teacher inputTeacherInfo(String id) {
System.out.println("请输入姓名：");
String name = sc.next();
System.out.println("请输入年龄:");
int age = sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("请输入生日:");
String birthday = sc.next();
Teacher teacher = new Teacher(id, name, age, birthday);
return teacher;
}
}
dao包
- BaseStudentDao
package com.itheima.edu.info.manager.dao;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.domain.Student;
import java.util.ArrayList;
//dao包库管，对数据进行操作
public interface BaseStudentDao {
public abstract boolean addStudent(Student student) ;
public abstract Student[] findAllStudent() ;
public abstract void deleteStudentById(String id) ;
//通过id找到他在数组中的索引
public abstract int getIndex(String id);
public abstract void updateStudent(String id, Student student);
}
- OtherStudentDao
package com.itheima.edu.info.manager.dao;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.domain.Student;
import java.util.ArrayList;
//dao包库管，对数据进行操作
public class OtherStudentDao implements BaseStudentDao {
//使用集合作为容器
//private static Student[] students = new Student[5];
private static ArrayList<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
//静态代码块初始化学生数据
static {
Student s1 = new Student("001", "张三", 18, "1990-01-01");
Student s2 = new Student("002", "李四", 23, "1937-03-01");
students.add(s1);
students.add(s2);
}
@Override
public boolean addStudent(Student student) {
//因为集合装不满，所以不需要进行判断，直接添加即可
students.add(student);
return true;
}
@Override
public Student[] findAllStudent() {
//1.我们可以选择返回数组或者即可
//2.返回集合将会修改Service和Controller中的代码，我们选择返回数组
//3.然后将集合中的元素全部装回数组中
Student[] stu = new Student[students.size()];//数组的长度和集合长度保持一致
stu =students.toArray(stu);//将集合变成数组返回
return stu;
}
@Override
public void deleteStudentById(String id) {
//1.找到该id在数组中对应的索引
int index = getIndex(id);
//2.将该索引的对象使用null替代
students.remove(index);
}
//通过id找到他在数组中的索引
@Override
public int getIndex(String id){//(改为遍历集合即可)
int index=-1;//记录id对应索引的的位置
for (int i = 0; i < students.size(); i++) {
if(students.get(i)!=null&&id.equals(students.get(i).getId())){
index=i;
break;
}
}
return index;
}
@Override
public void updateStudent(String id, Student student) {
//1.查找id在容器中的索引
int index = getIndex(id);
//2.将该索引的位置，使用新的学生对象替换
students.set(index, student);
}
}
- StudentDao
package com.itheima.edu.info.manager.dao;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.domain.Student;
//dao包库管，对数据进行操作
public class StudentDao implements BaseStudentDao {
//创建Student学生数组长度为5
private static Student[] students = new Student[5];
//静态代码块初始化学生数据
static {
Student s1 = new Student("001", "张三", 18, "1990-01-01");
Student s2 = new Student("002", "李四", 23, "1937-03-01");
students[0] = s1;
students[1] = s2;
}
@Override
public boolean addStudent(Student student) {
//2.将接收到的学生对象添加到数组中
//2.1定义遍历index=-1
int index = -1;
//2.2遍历数组中的每一个元素，判断是否为null
for (int i = 0; i < students.length; i++) {
if (students[i] == null) {
index = i;
break;
}
}
//3.返回是否添加成功
if (index == -1) {
//装满了
return false;
} else {
//没有装满，正常添加，返回true
students[index] = student;
return true;
}
}
@Override
public Student[] findAllStudent() {
//返回我们创建的对象数组
return students;
}
@Override
public void deleteStudentById(String id) {
//1.找到该id在数组中对应的索引
int index = getIndex(id);
//2.将该索引的对象使用null替代
students[index] = null;
}
//通过id找到他在数组中的索引
@Override
public int getIndex(String id){
int index=-1;//记录id对应索引的的位置
for (int i = 0; i < students.length; i++) {
if(students[i]!=null&&id.equals(students[i].getId())){
index=i;
break;
}
}
return index;
}
@Override
public void updateStudent(String id, Student student) {
//1.查找id在容器中的索引
int index = getIndex(id);
//2.将该索引的位置，使用新的学生对象替换
students[index] = student;
}
}
- TeacherDao
package com.itheima.edu.info.manager.dao;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.domain.Teacher;
public class TeacherDao {
//数据存储容器
private static Teacher[] teachers = new Teacher[5];
//静态代码块初始化数据
static {
Teacher t1 = new Teacher("001", "张老师", 18, "1970-01-01");
Teacher t2 = new Teacher("002", "李老师", 23, "1947-03-01");
teachers[0] = t1;
teachers[1] = t2;
}
public boolean addTeacher(Teacher teacher) {//具体实现添加的工作
//1.遍历我们的数组，判读是否为null
int index = -1;//记录数组的下标
for (int i = 0; i < teachers.length; i++) {
if(teachers[i]==null){
index = i;
break;
}
}
//2.判断是否为null
if(index==-1){
//装满了
return false;
}
else{
//没有装满，正常添加，返回true
teachers[index] = teacher;
return true;
}
}
public Teacher[] findAllTeachers() {//直接返回我们的数组
return teachers;
}
}
domain
- Person
package com.itheima.edu.info.manager.domain;
public class Person {
private String id;
private String name;
private int age;
private String birthday;
public Person() {
}
public Person(String id, String name, int age, String birthday) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.birthday = birthday;
}
/**
* 获取
* @return id
*/
public String getId() {
return id;
}
/**
* 设置
* @param id
*/
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
/**
* 获取
* @return name
*/
public String getName() {
return name;
}
/**
* 设置
* @param name
*/
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
/**
* 获取
* @return age
*/
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
/**
* 设置
* @param age
*/
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
/**
* 获取
* @return birthday
*/
public String getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
/**
* 设置
* @param birthday
*/
public void setBirthday(String birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public String toString() {
return "Person{id = " + id + ", name = " + name + ", age = " + age + ", birthday = " + birthday + "}";
}
}
- Student
package com.itheima.edu.info.manager.domain;
//domain包中的类用于封装数据
public class Student extends Person {
public Student(String id, String name, int age, String birthday) {
super(id, name, age, birthday);
}
public Student() {
}
}
- Teacher
package com.itheima.edu.info.manager.domain;
public class Teacher extends Person {
//空参构造
public Teacher() {
}
//有参构造
public Teacher(String id, String name, int age, String birthday) {
super(id, name, age, birthday);
}
}
entry
- InfoMassageEntry
package com.itheima.edu.info.manager.entry;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.controller.OtherStudentController;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.controller.StudentController;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.controller.TeacherController;
import java.util.Scanner;
//entry包负责程序的入口
public class InfoManagerEntry {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("--------------欢迎来到黑马信息管理系统------------------");
while (true) {
System.out.println("请输入你的选中：1.学生管理 2.老师管理 3.退出");
final String choice = sc.next();
switch (choice) {
case "1":
// System.out.println("学生管理");
//StudentController studentController = new StudentController();
//studentController.start();
OtherStudentController otherStudentController = new OtherStudentController();//换用的逻辑
otherStudentController.start();
break;
case "2":
// System.out.println("老师管理");
TeacherController teacherController = new TeacherController();
teacherController.start();
break;
case "3":
System.out.println("退出");
System.exit(0);//退出当前正在运行的虚拟机
break ;
default:
System.out.println("输入有误");
break;
}
}
}
}
factroy
- StudentDaoFactory
package com.itheima.edu.info.manager.factory;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.dao.BaseStudentDao;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.dao.StudentDao;
//专门用来创建不同的Dao对象
public class StudentDaoFactory {
//将返回类型定义为功能的父类
public static BaseStudentDao getStudentDao(){
return new StudentDao();
}
}
service
- StudentService
package com.itheima.edu.info.manager.service;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.dao.BaseStudentDao;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.dao.OtherStudentDao;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.dao.StudentDao;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.domain.Student;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.factory.StudentDaoFactory;
import java.awt.desktop.OpenFilesHandler;
//service包负责业务逻辑
public class StudentService {
//将Dao类型改为多态实现
private BaseStudentDao baseStudentDao = StudentDaoFactory.getStudentDao();
public boolean addStudent(Student student) {
//暂时不考虑id是否存在
boolean reason = baseStudentDao.addStudent(student);
//2.接收方法的boolean返回值，将结果返还给StudentController
return reason;
}
public boolean isExact(String id) {//进行id是否重复的业务逻辑判断
//1.从StudentDao中获取存储学生对象的数组(掉哟StudentDao的findAllStudent方法)
Student[] students = baseStudentDao.findAllStudent();
//2.遍历获取数组中的每一个学生，判断学号是否存在
for (Student student : students) {
if (student != null &&id.equals(student.getId())) {//用student.getId().equals(id)当数组为空将导致空指针异常
return true;
}
}
//3.返回true或false
return false;
}
public Student[] findStudent() {//注意：不能通过数组长度判断(因为数组的长度就是表示长度，而集合表示的是集合内数据的个数)
//1.调用库管的findStudent方法,获取数组
Student[] students = baseStudentDao.findAllStudent();
//2.判断获取的数组是否有学生信息(有：返回地址，没有：返回Null)
boolean flag = false;//默认数组中没有学生
for (int i = 0; i < students.length; i++) {
if( students[i] != null) {
flag = true;
break;
}
}
if(flag == true) {
return students;
}else {
return null;//没有学生返回null
}
}
public void deleteStudentById(String id) {
//调用studentDao的deleteStudentById方法删除学生
baseStudentDao.deleteStudentById(id);
}
public void updateStudent(String id,Student student) {
//调用库管studentService的updateStudent方法
baseStudentDao.updateStudent(id,student);
}
}
- TeacherService
package com.itheima.edu.info.manager.service;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.dao.TeacherDao;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.domain.Student;
import com.itheima.edu.info.manager.domain.Teacher;
public class TeacherService {
TeacherDao teacherDao = new TeacherDao();
public boolean addTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
//1.将对象传递给TeacherDao的teacherDao的addTeacher方法完成具体的添加操作
boolean reason = teacherDao.addTeacher(teacher);
//2.接收TeacherDao的addTeacher方法添加的结果
return reason;
}
public boolean isExact(String id) {//由teacherService判读id是否重复
//1.由TeacherDao将整个数组交给TeacherService
Teacher [] teachers = teacherDao.findAllTeachers();
//2.判断id是否重复
for (int i = 0; i < teachers.length; i++) {
if(teachers[i] != null &&teachers[i].getId().equals(id)){
return true;
}
}
//3.将结果返回
return false;
}
public Teacher[] findTeacher() {
//1..请求TeacherDao的findAllTeacher方法返回老师数组
Teacher [] teachers = teacherDao.findAllTeachers();
//2.判断数组是否为null 并返回null或者地址(判断数组是否为空：需要遍历数组判断里面的每一个元素)
boolean flag = isNull(teachers);
if(flag){
return teachers;
}
else{
return null;
}
}
//判断数组是否为空
public boolean isNull(Teacher[] teachers) {
boolean flag = false;//开始数组默认为空
for (int i = 0; i < teachers.length; i++) {
if(teachers[i] != null){
flag = true;
break;
}
}
return flag;
}
public void deleteTeacherById(String id) {//具体执行删除老师
//1.通过teacherDao的findAllTeacher方法返回老师数组
Teacher [] teachers = teacherDao.findAllTeachers();
//2.遍历数组找到该id所对应的索引
int deleteIndex = getIndexById(id,teachers);
//3.将该元素赋值为null
teachers[deleteIndex] = null;
}
public void updateTeacherById(String id,Teacher teacher) {
//1.由teacherDao的findAllTeacher方法返回老师数组
Teacher [] teachers = teacherDao.findAllTeachers();
//2.遍历数组找到该id所对应的索引
final int updateIndex = getIndexById(id, teachers);
//3.给该索引位置的元素重新赋值
teachers[updateIndex] = teacher;
}
//找到具体id元素所对应的索引
public int getIndexById(String id,Teacher[] teachers) {
//2.遍历数组找到该id所对应的索引
int index = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < teachers.length; i++) {
if(teachers[i] != null &&teachers[i].getId().equals(id)){
index = i;
break;
}
}
return index;
}
}
