【转】抽象类那点事（一步步案例分析，为什么需要它）

【http://www.cnblogs.com/IAmBetter/archive/2011/12/21/2296196.html】

说一句题外话，本人学C# 不到一个月时间，今天同事说了2个 区别 抽象类与区别，我感觉请教前辈 超过自己的看10个小时的理解。

抽象类
abstract
抽象方法的类要声明为抽象类
构造函数和静态方法不能声明为抽象

多态性是一个虚方法，可以重写这个方法，实现同一个方法不同的表现形式

对于抽象方法的重写，是说的对于这个方法的派生类的实现。
对于抽象类和接口的方法都需要实现。

抽象方法是无法写方法体的
抽象类可以写 实现的方法
接口不可以写 实现的方法
案例1：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace ConsoleApplication2
{
    public abstract class Employee//雇员抽象类
    {
        public string FirstName { get; private set; }
        public string LastName { get; private set; }
        public string Ssn { get; private set; }

        public Employee(string first, string last, string ssn)
        {
            FirstName = first;
            LastName = last;
            Ssn = ssn;
        }
        public abstract decimal Earning();

        public virtual int Time(int times)//抽象类可以写虚方法
        {
            return times;
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return string.Format("FirstName:{0}  LastName:{1}  SSN:{2}", FirstName, LastName, Ssn);
        }
    }

    public class SalariedEmployee : Employee//薪水雇员类
    {
        private decimal weeksalay;
        public SalariedEmployee(string first, string last, string ssn, decimal salay)
            : base(first, last, ssn)//调用抽象类的构造函数
        {
            Weeksalay = salay;
        }

        public decimal Weeksalay
        {
            get { return weeksalay; }
            set
            {
                weeksalay = (value > 0) ? value : 0;
            }
        }

        public override decimal Earning()
        {
            Weeksalay = Weeksalay* 7;
            return Weeksalay;
        }

        public override string ToString()//如果不重写ToString方法那么继承的是抽象类的方法
        {
            return string.Format("{0} Weeksalay:{1}",base.ToString(), Weeksalay);
        }
    }

    class HourEmployee : Employee//小时工类
    {
        private decimal wage;
        private int hour;
        public HourEmployee(string first, string last, string ssn, decimal hourwage, int hourtime)
            : base(first, last, ssn)
        {
            Hour = hourtime;//注意这里，2个属性的前后顺序会决定了结果的
            Wage = hourwage;



        }
        public decimal Wage
        {
            get { return wage; }
            set
            {
                wage = (value > 0) ? value : 0;
            }
        }

        public int Hour
        {
            get { return hour; }
            set
            {
                hour = (value > 0) ? value : 0;
            }
        }

        public override decimal Earning()
        {
            if (Hour <= 40)
            {
                Wage = Wage* Hour;
            }
            else
            {
                Wage = Wage* 40 + (Hour - 40) * Wage* 1.5m;
            }
            return Wage;
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return string.Format("{0} Hourwage:{1}  Hourtimes:{2},Wage:{3}", base.ToString(), Wage, Hour, Wage);//这里继承抽象类的ToString方法
        }
    }

    class BaseHe_Employee : HourEmployee//间接继承抽象类
    {
        private decimal rate;
        private decimal salay;
        public BaseHe_Employee(string first, string last, string ssn, decimal hourwage, int hourtime, decimal rate, decimal salay)
            : base(first, last, ssn, hourwage, hourtime)
        {
            Rate = rate;
            Salay = salay;
        }
        public decimal Rate
        {
            get { return rate; }
            set { rate = (value > 0) ? value : 0; }
        }
        public decimal Salay
        {
            get { return salay; }
            set { salay = (value > 0) ? value : 0; }
        }
        public override decimal Earning()
        {
            return Salay+ base.Earning();
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return string.Format("{0} Rate:{1},Salay:{2}", base.ToString(), Rate, Salay);//这里继承抽象类的ToString方法
        }
    }
    class Test
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            //SalariedEmployee oneSE = new SalariedEmployee("Mr.w", "Mery An", "10086", 6500.00m);
            //Console.WriteLine(oneSE.ToString());
            BaseHe_Employee oneBHE = new BaseHe_Employee("Mr.w", "Mery An", "10086", 6.50m, 24, 15.5m, 16.5m);
            Console.WriteLine(oneBHE.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine(oneBHE.Earning());
            //HourEmployee oneHE = new HourEmployee("Mr.w", "Mery An", "10086", 6.50m, 24);
            //Console.WriteLine(oneHE.ToString());
            //Console.WriteLine(oneHE.Earning());
        }
    }
}